Child Sexual Exploitation: Awareness & Impact

This assignment delves into the critical issue of child sexual exploitation (CSE), providing a comprehensive understanding of its definition, signs, impacts on victims, and statistical insights. It includes analysis of high-profile cases like the Newcastle grooming network and Rotherham abuse scandal, along with resources on coping mechanisms for survivors and multidisciplinary approaches to rehabilitation.

The implications of child
sexual exploitation and the
impact it has on looked after
children and the implications
for social work practice.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................1
1.2 Background of Study.............................................................................................................2
1.3 Purpose and Rationale of Study............................................................................................3
1.4 Problem Statement................................................................................................................3
1.5 Research aim and objectives.................................................................................................4

1.6 Research questions................................................................................................................4
1.7 Structure of research.............................................................................................................4
1.8 Framework of research..........................................................................................................6
1.9 Significance of research........................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2: POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK....................................................8
2.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................................8
2.2 Policies and Legislations.......................................................................................................8
2.3 Key Statistics.........................................................................................................................9
2.4 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................12
Implications of Child Sexual Exploitation................................................................................12
Impact of sexual abuse and exploitation on children and their family.....................................14
Implications for social work practices for rehabilitating victims of exploitations....................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Children receive rewards such as money or affection in order to put themselves in
exploitative situation. People tends to manipulate children or adolescents by making them
believe that they are in loving consensual relationship (Child sexual exploitation: definition and
guide for practitioners, 2017). These people invite them in the party and exploit them by giving
them harmful drugs and alcohol. These children sometimes groomed and exploited online by
thugs in order to earn money out of it. Sources says that people trafficked adolescents and young
children within and outside United Kingdom for the purpose of sexual abuse and exploitation
(Webb and Holmes, 2015). Sexual exploitation of young people and children can also done in
gangs. Young children who trust their abuser easily often fall into their trick and abuser taking
advantage of it sexually abuse them. Child sexual exploitation occurs where an individual or
group takes benefits of an imbalance of power to threat, manipulate and deceive a young person
or child under age of 18 into sexual activity either in exchange of something which the victim
needs or for financial advantage (Shields and Letourneau, 2015). The degree of crime will
remain same even after the crime was consensual. Child exploitation does not always involve
physical contact, offenders exploit young children on different online websites. The biggest child
protection scandal in the history of United Kingdom was the Rotherham child sexual exploitation
scandal. From the late 1980s until the 2010s, organised child sexual abuse continued almost
unchallenged by legal authorities
These abuses can be varies from violent, humiliating and degrading exploitation to sexual
assaults like rape. In many cases, children were pressurised by their abuser and forced in to
exchanging sexual activity for money, drugs, gifts, affection and status (Rafferty, 2016).
Offenders exploit children both in real and online by using different uncensored websites.
According to the government of United Kingdom, child sexual exploitation is the crime that can
have long lasting effect on both victims and families of victims. The first response to children,
and support for them to access help, must be the best it can be from social workers, police, health
practitioners and others who work with children and their families (McElvaney, 2015).
In accordance with this context, in the present study researcher will focus on the
implications of child sexual exploitation and its impact on children and their family members.
The issue is revolving around the world which forces different leaders of countries to formulate
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and implement strong and precise disciplinary actions against the offenders so that they will
never do this kind of inhuman crime again (Appleton, 2014). The role of social work practice
will be discuss in order to comprehend the practices they follow on the victims of sexual abuse to
redevelop their motivation and enthusiasm. The dissertation will be formulated in the precise and
systematic structure in order to make the study more comprehensible. The research is purely
based on secondary data thus, the data will be acquired from analysing books, journals, articles,
government websites and magazines in order to make detail understanding about the issue.
Effective research methodology will be implemented in the dissertation which will help the
researcher to attain the goals and objectives of the study effectively and efficiently.
1.2 Background of Study
Child sexual exploitation is the complex form of abuse and it makes difficult for the
authorities working with children to identify and address it efficiently. Young people or
adolescents are frequently deceived by the sinister people who sexually abuses these innocent
children (Kloess, Beech and Harkins, 2014). In this subject matter, ample of researchers and
scholars have done notably diligent work which will be analysed in the research as literature
review. Government of United Kingdom made certain amendments and punishments for the
offenders who found guilty in sexually abusing child. The research study will focus on the
implications of child sexual exploitation on the family members and victims.
Furthermore, how social work practice and rehabilitation centres helps in developing the
morale and motivation of the victim will be assessed in the assignment. Child sexual exploitation
or CSE is the kind of sexually abusing a child (Child sexual exploitation, 2018.). Children
receive rewards such as money or affection in order to put themselves in exploitative situation.
People tends to manipulate children or adolescents by making them believe that they are in
loving consensual relationship (Gerassi, Edmond and Nichols, 2017). These people invite them
in the party and exploit them by giving them harmful drugs and alcohol. In contrast to this, the
dissertation will demonstrate the different methods and ways through which young people got
often tricked by the offenders and becomes victim of exploitation and sexual abuse. In order to
attain the aim and objective of the research study, the researcher will use the precise
methodologies and sources of collection of data.
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1.3 Purpose and Rationale of Study
The main motive of conducting the research study is to identify the implications of child
sexual exploitation occurred in United Kingdom and its affect on the family members and
victims. Child sexual exploitation occurs where an individual or group takes benefits of an
imbalance of power to threat, manipulate and deceive a young person or child under age of 18
into sexual activity either in exchange of something which the victim needs or for financial
advantage. The degree of crime will remain same even after the crime was consensual. Child
exploitation does not always involve physical contact, offenders exploit young children on
different online websites. The rationale for conducting the research study is to determine the
impact on victims of sexually abuse and exploitation. The research will help in analysing the past
records and number of cases recorded in United Kingdom. In this way, the researcher will able to
attain the goals and objectives of the research. The issue is revolving around the world which
forces different leaders of countries to formulate and implement strong and precise disciplinary
actions against the offenders so that they will never do this kind of inhuman crime again
(Gerassi, 2015). The role of social work practice will be discuss in order to comprehend the
practices they follow on the victims of sexual abuse to redevelop their motivation and
enthusiasm. Thus, in contrast to it researcher conduct the research in order to comprehend the
subject matter effectively and efficiently so that end users can able to understand the issue and
concept adequately.
1.4 Problem Statement
In recent years, the cases regarding child abuse and sexually exploitation has been
increased rapidly in United Kingdom (Franklin, Raws and Smeaton, 2015). Children were
deceived by the offenders and these offenders took advantages of it, sexually abuse young
children. The issue puts stress on government and respective authorities. The impact of sexual
abuse affects the psychology of both victim and family members. In order to provide detail
understanding of the issue, the researcher will concentrates on the past data by analysing various
secondary sources. Child sexual exploitation may occur without the child being aware of events,
or understanding that these constitute abuse. Online exploitation includes the exchange of sexual
communication or images and can be particularly challenging to identify and respond to.
Children, young people and perpetrators are frequently more familiar with, and spend more time
in, these environments than their parents and carers (Bryce, 2016). Those who work with and
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care for children can struggle to remain up-to-date with the latest sites and potential connection
points, so practitioners should always seek specialist support if unsure about online
environments.
1.5 Research aim and objectives
Research aim and objectives are very important. The aim of research signifies the
direction and flow of research and objectives are for providing support to attaining the aim of the
research effectively and efficiently. In contrast, with this statement, the aim and objectives of the
research is provided below:
Aim
The aim of the research is to identify the implications of child sexual exploitation and the impact
it has on looked after children and the implications for social work practice.
Objectives
In order to attain the aim efficiently, researcher has formulated objectives which are as follows:
 To identify the implications of Child Sexual Exploitation.
 To identify the impact of sexual abuse and exploitation on children and their family.
 To investigate the implications for social work practices for rehabilitating victims of
exploitations.
1.6 Research questions
The fundamental core of dissertation is research question. It concentrates on the study,
identify the methodologies and provide guidelines for all stages of inquiry, analysis and
reporting. Thus, research questions plays prominent role in dissertation that provide effective
guidance to the researcher in order to conduct the research study effectively and efficiently. In
this context, the research questions are provided below:
1. What are the implications of Child Sexual Exploitation?
2. What are the impact of sexual abuse and exploitation on children and their family?
3. What are the implications for social work practices for rehabilitating victims of
exploitations.?
1.7 Structure of research
To attain the aim and objective of the research, it is very important and crucial for
researcher to construct a systematic and precise dissertation structure. The dissertation will be
used by various users, government and general public, thus it is important for the researcher to
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construct it in systematic manner. In this way, he or she will able to accomplish the aim and
objective of the study. In this context, the structure of dissertation is described below:
Chapter 1 Introduction: This is the first chapter of the study where researcher will describe the
brief information about the topic of study. It is important chapter where researcher will tell about
the interest which attracts him or her towards choosing the topic. Furthermore, researcher will
describe the problem statement, background, aim, objectives and framework of research. This
chapter will aid in enhancing the comprehensive level of end users and other researchers.
Chapter 2 Policy and legislative framework: This is the second chapter of secondary research
dissertation. Here researcher will aim to describe the policies, regulations and legislative
framework which are formulated in United Kingdom and rest of the world in order to prevent
Child Sexual Exploitation.
Chapter 3 Literature Review: Literature review is the third chapter of secondary research
dissertation. Here researcher aim to set theoretical framework of study by analysing and
reviewing the articles written by senior researchers. Literature review is important chapter that
helps in understanding the concept of the topic of dissertation and assists in analysing the review
of other authors who put their view point on the issue.
Chapter 4 Research Methodology : Research methodology will be the fourth chapter of the
dissertation. Here researcher will explain the types of method he or she is going to use in the
research study in order to accomplish the aim and objective of the research study. Research
methodology is important chapter that describes the framework of the study.
Chapter 5 Discussion of findings and results: This is fifth and most important chapter of
dissertation where researcher will analyse the data collected by analysing different articles,
journals and books written by senior authors and researchers. The findings will help in
understanding the concept of subject matter and issue and will enhance the effectiveness of the
research.
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Recommendation: This is the last chapter of secondary research
dissertation. Here researcher will refer back to aims and reflect on research journey. He or she
will aim to provide brief synopsis of the study. Recommendations will be based on the data
analysis. These recommendation will help the management and authorities to prevent child
sexual exploitation and help the social workers to enhance their caring practices.
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1.8 Framework of research
In this part, researcher will describe the methods he or she is going to use in the
secondary research dissertation. For dissertation perspective, it is very important for researcher to
describe what type of research philosophy, approach, design, method of collection of data,
sampling, analysis he or she is going to implement. In this context, framework of research study
is described below: Research Philosophy: Research philosophy is the belief through which data has been
collected, analysed and interpreted. Research philosophy deals with the source, nature
and development of knowledge. Research philosophy are categorised into four category.
In the present study, researcher will use positivism research philosophy. It is used for
qualitative studies, large samples and is highly structured. Research Approach: Discussion of research approach is a vital part of any scientific
study regardless of the research area. There are two types of research approach which are
widely used by researchers in research study. In present secondary research dissertation,
the researcher will use inductive research approach. Inductive approach contributes to
the emergence of new theories and generalizations. Research Design: Research design is the plan through which researcher attempts to
answer the research questions. In order to attain the aim and objectives of the research,
the researcher needs to select appropriate research design. In this present study, the
researcher will use exploratory research design. Here researcher will explore the theories
which are related with the subject matter. Research Strategy: Research strategy is the plan through researcher able to accomplish
the aim and objectives of the research. There are two type of methods which can be used
by researchers in order to conduct their study. These are qualitative and quantitative.
Qualitative research explains why something happens and derives meaning from the
recorded text, thoughts and experience of a sampled group, as they engage with a
phenomenon. In the present secondary research dissertation, the researcher will use
qualitative research method to conduct the study efficiently. Data Collection: Data collection is the process of gathering relevant data and information
by using various methods. It is crucial process where researcher gather important data
and information that can help him or her in carrying out the research study. In the present
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secondary research dissertation, the researcher will collect data using secondary sources.
Here researcher will use books, journals and articles who address the issue regarding
child sexual exploitation. Sampling: Sampling is the process of taking small amount of data from large pool of
information. It is important process as analysing large data is not possible for researcher.
In the present secondary research dissertation, the researcher will take sample of only
those books, articles and journals who have specifically address the issue of child sexual
exploitation and that shows the implications of social workers towards the victims and
offenders. The method of sampling will be non probability sampling.
 Data Analysis: Data analysis is the process of converting raw collected data into
meaningful information. In the present study, the researcher will analyse the articles,
books and journals and formulate systematic themes which will be further analysed by
him or her effectively and efficiently.
1.9 Significance of research
The aim of the study is to identify the implications of child sexual exploitation and the
impact it has on who looked after children and the implications for social work practice. In the
research study, the researcher will aim to comprehend about the aspects of child sexual
exploitations where innocent children fell in the trap set by adults in order to take benefits from
them. The research study is significant for the researchers who will in future conduct study on
the subject matter. Child sexual exploitation is the complex form of abuse and it makes difficult
for the authorities working with children to identify and address it efficiently. Young people or
adolescents are frequently deceived by the sinister people who sexually abuses these innocent
children. The study will explain the implication of the social workers who looked after the
children or victims of crime. Thus, the study is important for the people who works in social
care centre for providing care and rehabilitation for the victims and offenders of the crime.
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CHAPTER 2: POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction
The main motive of conducting the research study is to identify the implications of child sexual
exploitation occurred in United Kingdom and its effect on the family members and victims. In
this chapter, researcher provides information regarding the policies and legislation that governs
and regulates the issue regarding child trafficking and abuse. With the help of relevant and
authentic sources, statistics regarding child sexual exploitation will be described in this chapter.
2.2 Policies and Legislations
In United Kingdom, the Department of Education is responsible and accountable for
protecting child. It sets out legislation, regulatory framework and statutory guidance on how the
child protection system should work. At the local level, Local Safeguarding Children Boards
(LSCBs) co-ordinate and ensure the effectiveness of work to protect and promote the welfare of
children (Hayes and Unwin, 2016). Each local board includes: local authorities, health bodies,
the police and others including the voluntary and independent sectors. The LSCBs are
responsible for local child protection policy, procedure and guidance.
Legislation
Children Act 1989: Currently provides the legislative framework for child protection in
England. Key principles established by the act include the paramount nature of the child's
welfare and the expectations and requirements around duties of care to children (Child protection
in England, 2018).
Children Act 2004: The act was proposed in 2004 in order to strengthen Children Act 1989. It
encourages partnership between agencies and creates more responsibilities in order to protect the
children of United Kingdom. This establishes post of Children Commissioner for England. It
places a duty on local authorities to appoint director of children services and an elected lead
member for children services who is ultimately accountable for the delivery of services (Roberts,
2017). This further places a duty on local authorities and their partners (including the police,
health service providers and the youth justice system) to co-operate in promoting the well-being
of children and young people and to make arrangements to safeguard and promote the welfare of
children. It updates the legislation on physical punishments by limiting the use of defence
reasonable punishment so that it can no longer be used when people are charged with the
offences against a child of wounding or cruelty.
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Sexual Offences Act 2003: The act was passed by the British parliament in 2003 for prosecution
of child sexual exploitation. Moreover, the legislation consists of 59 sections which show
different types of punishment according to the kind of exploitation (Greenbaum, Crawford-
Jakubiak and Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect, 2015). For example; Section 1 is for
Rape, Section 2 and 3 for sexual assault and section 57-59 for trafficking within and outside the
UK for sexual exploitation.
Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014: Section 116 of this act ‘Protection from
sexual harm and violence’ allows police to accquirehotels and similar establishments, in which
they reasonably believe child sexual exploitation is taking place, to access information about
guests (Child protection in England, 2018). This is intended to equip the police to better
investigate sexual offences committed on these types of premises.
Policies and Guidance
The Department of Education of United Kingdom formulate a policy named “Working
together to safeguard children (2015) which is a statutory guidance for anyone working with
children. It describes how organisation and individuals should work in collaboration and how
practitioners should conduct the assessment of children. The policy helps the social workers and
carers who work with children who have faced abuse in past (Child protection in England,
2018). In addition, the policy guide them to provide effective care to the children so that their
mental status can be enhanced in an effective and efficient manner. The new counselling makes
some changes to guidance on making allegations against people who work with children. Unlike
previous editions, Working Together 2015 no longer refers to Local Authority Designated
Officers (LADOs). Instead, it states that local authorities should have a designated officer or
team of officers for the management and oversight of allegations. The 2015 guidance includes
for the first time a requirement that new appointments should be qualified social workers, unless
they have previous experience in the role.
2.3 Key Statistics
Between 2014 and 2016, there was a 49 percent increase in crimes connected with child sexual
exploitation across London, from 618 in 2014 to 922 in 2016. In addition, there was a 42 percent
increase in the number of children who police believe are at risk of CSE, from 1,116 in 2014 to
1,582 in 2016 (Figures released ahead of National Child Sexual Exploitation Awareness Day,
2017).
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The figures were based on the findings where children of age 11-17 were asked whether anyone
had tried to make them do anything sexual. These figures indicate the true reality of Child Sexual
Abuse in United Kingdom. Most of the children of age 16-17 said that they had done sexually
things with an adult in position of trust. 4.8 per cent of children of age 11-17 years reported
sexual abuse at some points in childhood.
As per child protection register, there were 2940 cases reported where children required
protection from sexual abuse in the year 2015-2016. It was further identified that 1 in 3 children
in United Kingdom sexually abused by an adult did not tell anyone. The statistics shows that the
severe offence has been and is been committed in the country that impacts on the country image
greatly. Despite of stricter policies and legislations, perpetrators do not afraid to take advantage
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Illustration 1: Findings on sexual abuse
Source: (Sexual abuse Facts and statistics, 2018)
Illustration 2: Findings on sexual abuse
Source: (Sexual abuse Facts and statistics, 2018)

of innocent children and abuse them physically and sexually. It was identified that more than 90
per cent of the children were sexually abused from the person they knew.
2.4 Conclusion
From the above analysis, it can be considered that the conditions of children living in
United Kingdom are vulnerable. Government of UK has formulated several laws and legislations
that provide security and safeguard to the children. Furthermore, effective policies have been
formulated by the Department of Education that guide the care providers in order to provide
effective care to the children. The key statistics shows that majority of the children who were
abused sexually knew the person and 1 out of 3 children does not tell anyone about abuse.
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CHAPTER 3 LITERATURE REVIEW
Implications of Child Sexual Exploitation.
According to The impact of child sexual exploitation (2018), child abuse and exploitation
is destructive and it impacts child's mental growth which becomes restriction to their
psychological growth and is effects last long term and short term. In accordance it has been
stated by author that child sexual abuse is disruptive because with this practice children develop
a sense of likelihood that these people can face it anytime and no one have control over theses
unethical practices. Further, implication to child abuse has become mandatory because it is only
regulation which aims at protecting rights of children and providing them safe and sound
environment to live. As per Rafferty (2016), controlling child sexual abuse has become critical
issue in UK because assaults ha e short term and long term impact on victims where short term
consequences can be bed wetting, sleeping disorders, eating disorders, behavioral changes,
isolation from society and friends, lack of participation in social and playing activities etc.
However, long term impact can be self destruction, depression, anxiety, intake of drugs, alcohol
etc. It is a serious issue for young generation which results in serious physical and mental effects.
According to oess, Beech and Harkins (2014), child sexual violence in World health organisation
involves unethical practices like, forced prostitution, trafficking, rape and sexual abuse. It is the
situation where minors faces abuse and violence for sexual stimulation. As per United Nations
convention which is focused on rights of child, its Article 39 focuses on recovery of child who
have struggled through exploitation, abuse and trafficking. The convention is focusing on
improving and supporting people who have been through exploitation. As per statistic there are
approximately 20 percent children across Europe who have been through sexual assault and
abuse. Rotherham abuse: report finds 1,400 children were victims (2018), has stated about
Rotherhan child sexual exploitation scandal where 1400 children were sexually abused. The
incident was reported in between of 1997 and 2013, where 11 year old young children were
raped by various perpetrators and these children were trafficked to cities of England were their
child rights were exploited and these individual were beaten and molested. The report was
revealed after three inquires by Rotherhan Borough Council. During the inquiry the findings
stated that situation and experience of child victims is depressing and hard to express. As per the
council team it has been discovered that children's were downed in petrol and threatened with
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guns and dangerous weapon for forced sex. Moreover, the most depressing part of incident was
violent rapes. Further, five men were imprisoned for sexual abuse for girls in 2010. The author
stated that it was the biggest CSE scandal in the history of UK. It was discovered that in this case
child by picked by normal taxi drivers.
In contrast, Case reviews: Case reviews published in 2017 (2018), has stated that there
are numerous cases which defines child exploitation in UK like, there were 17 women and men
who were involved in this unethical practice and had networked in New castle where these
offenders assaulted young girls and women by making them drink and drugs. Further, it has been
found out that generally perpetrators targeted females of age group between 13 to 25 because
according to them these individual are vulnerable and not capable of complaining or accusing
offender. In addition, from the discussion, it has been discovered that females were not even
aware about the assault because these girls were given drugs and drinks and when they used to
wake up undressed and the individual were able to realize about wrong doing. The most
shocking part of theses cases were the offenders were part of family or some family or childhood
friends. Apparently, Eighteen people found guilty over Newcastle sex grooming network (2018),
has stated about numerous cases of CSE where death of 11 year old child Alex struggled with
serious medical needs as he was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis when he was only 1 year old.
Parents o Alex got separated and divorced when he was 5 and he was brought up in condition
where he saw domestic abuse faced by his mother. Alex has step father who has impression of
parental responsibility. Heath of Alex start getting Detroited after age of 6 and he was
continuously admitted to hospitals. In accordance to scenario of Alex it has been discovered that
he faced emotional neglect and lack of parenting which is the example of child exploitation.
However, there is case of Child F who died at the age of 17. The child was victim of harmful
sexual behaviors and died because of stab wounds. Apart from this, there is case recorded was
CSE, where 3 girls child were exploited by the women who were involved in sexual exploitation.
Theses females were hired by males in between 2013 and 2015. From the report it was found out
that these were the girls who suffered from grooming and ha complex needs. Child sexual
exploitation comprise various risk factors like risk to family and risk to society etc. The result of
abuse leads to impact health of victim which can be physical, psychological mental, social etc.
However, according to Roberts (2017), it is unethical practice which is forceful and leading to
various social problems in society. Increasing CSE practice are the factors which reflects unsafe
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and unhealthy environment for people. Further, the author has stated that there are specific sign's
child sexual abuse which can helps family ad guardians in depicting wrong doing with child like
unusual burns, broken teeth, marks of bites or scratches, anti social behaviors in schools or in
surroundings and fear of adults. These are most common physical sign which helps in analyzing
child abuse if in case the person is unable to share. Apart from this, the author also suggested
sexual signs which denotes children abuse like, bed wetting, nightmares, eating disorders,
aggression and fear of specif person. Thus, it can be concluded that there are various legislation
which are enforced by UK government to protect the right of right again CSE like, Sexual
Offenses Act 2003 Anti-Social Behavior, Crime and Policing Act 2014. Hence, in accordance to
this, it can be stated that child sexual exploitation has become common issue worldwide however
there are various legal reforms and social practices which are focusing to limiting but due to lack
of knowledge and awareness there are various children who have been victim of theses unethical
practices.
Impact of sexual abuse and exploitation on children and their family.
According to Trickett, Noll and Putnam (2011), child sexual abuse has become a critical
issue and the cycle of exploitation is never ending for victim. The control CSE practice lies in
child surroundings and experiences. It is unethical practice which not only disruption status of
child but also impact parents and families. There are many abuses about which families are not
aware and child alone struggle with the assault due to lack of worthlessness and self esteem.
Moreover, the author stated that child who suffers from sexual abuse is generally at the
circumstances which are related to violence and threat. Children's are very sensitive to changes
and when someone tries to threaten it becomes difficult for them to resist the situation. It is the
unethical practice which destroys lives at early age. Sexual abuse Signs, indicators and effects
(2018), has stated that child sexual exploitation is most terrible situation especially for parents
and families of victims. For the parents it is a situation of shame, awkwardness, profound,
isolation, confusion and guilt. These are common feelings of families which creates pressure on
the family and child who has faced assault. Like there are situation when child gets vulnerable to
surroundings and becomes out of control. It generally happens when individual faces isolation
from school and pressure from police to explain the situation. For instance, if in case child is a
victim of CSE and now police is interrogating child to recall the situation to find and imprison
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culprit. Thus, the interrogation of child is the biggest pressure on parent because it impacts
mental stability of child all over again.
Apparently, as per views of Child protection - safeguarding children and young people
(2017), the most difficult situation for parents is to see their child struggling and rebelling to
every surroundings. On the other hand, family faces problems when society questions child
upbringing regardless of understanding situation ad its consequences faced by victim. The
pressure of society on parents is most critical problems due to which sometime child and family
becomes rebel to situation and becomes riotous in nature. Moreover, there are people who
questions families about child and their whereabouts to make to them more conscious about
child. These behaviors of society impact mental status die to which individual starts isolating
them from work, social outing etc. In contrary Lalor and McElvaney (2010), has stated that
generally the problems are faced by parents of girl child because according to society bond of
marriage is pure and the victim of CSE has problem in upbringing and is no liable to marry or
form any kind of love relationship. The degradation of society to child and parents instead of
culprit is the common issue which becomes pressure for families. The author has stated that
finding out that child has been sexually exploited is the most traumatic situation of parents where
the individual either gets shock or deny the situation because of guilt, confusion, helpless,
depression and due to anger. In accordance, the author believes that these reactions of parents are
normal. However, the most difficult part for parents is to analyze that child is being sexually
abused and by whom. The situation of discovering scenario is most sensitive because in such
situation the foremost responsibility of parents is to support child to overcome. Taking on the
situation is not easy because in such situation child feels isolated form family and surroundings.
In contrast, The impact of child sexual exploitation (2018), has stated that coping up with
child sexual exploitation in family is depressing because it is the situation where child becomes
isolated and rebellious to every situation. Witnessing sexual exploitation of the loved ones is the
most difficult phase for family because in this the individual are helpless and no control over
long term damages. Therefore, in such situation parents of victim aims ta delivering quality of
life to person in order to make them forget the situation and to support their surroundings. The
support of family and parents is most needed situation at the time of CSE. Nevertheless, there are
many parents who feels like child has not shared anything but the reacting of younger ones are
related to their surroundings like the child hide about abuse due to fear of not believing or getting
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judged. Moreover, the child hides because people are not aware about the situations and reaction.
Further, there are time where the individual do not understand with whom to share due to fear,
anxiety, embarrassment etc. In the view of Living and coping with child sexual exploitation
(2018), it has been analyzed that sexual abuse and exploitation on children impacts their family
because it creates long term damage to health of people like, to the child gets involved in drugs,
alcohol self harming practices which is eating disorders cutting etc. which are related to
disruption of physical health. In addition, the major impact cause by theses unethical practices is
to sexual and reproductive health like, sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia and HIV
to which no medicine can cure. Further there are girls who faces issue in pregnancy, multiple
termination, miscarriage etc. Apart from this, the families of victim faces major challenges due
to physiological health of son or daughter because in this the individual go through suicidal
tendencies, depression, sever anxiety, isolation and violence. In contrast, McClain and Garrity
(2011), has sated that social health is the factor which disturbs and creates pressure on family of
person who has been through CSE, where child faces isolation from friends, lack of trust of
professional people around person like his or teachers, colleagues etc. Further, teenage
parenthood is the most critical problem which comes with CSE because in this situation the
person is himself or herself is not capable to managing themselves and the situation makes them
struggles through own child to which person can not neglect and also is not able to become good
parent. Nevertheless, failing exams and facing unemployment is another impact which is caused
by child sexual abuse. Hence, the author stated that not only the victim struggles through impact
of sexual abuse but the family also undergoes the changes in their work and social life. The
isolation and question of people leaves them embarrassed and helpless to situation.
Implications for social work practices for rehabilitating victims of exploitations.
As per the views of Okech, Morreau and Benson (2012), child sexual exploitation has
become a key health to which restricting is becoming difficult and uncontrollable. There are
more than 50 percents of children who are struggling with human trafficking, sexual abuse, rape,
etc. The social work practices are effective for limiting sexual abuse in child because these
associations are focused on making children aware about the unsafe environment and people
around them in their own language. The work of social workers is focused on protecting child
right by creating awareness among young people about the unethical practices such as wrong
tough, wrong place, wrong person etc. As per author making child aware about the wrong
16

situation is the strategy which helps them in protecting and providing them knowledge about
wrong people around them. The rehabilitation practices of social workers are focused on first
rescuing children from the situation by formulating long term recovery strategies. In this the
practice of care workers are focused on increasing support ad care practices in order to victims
comfortable in environment. The foremost responsibility of social workers at the time of handing
child suffered from exploitation is to develop a sense of safe surroundings. It is the practice
which helps in analyzing mental status of child which is the first step of recovery. Apart from
this, the social workers than focuses on analyzing home environment of child and if in case
something is wrong the workers focuses on separating child from family which helps is
separating them from homely unethical practices which can be domestic violence, fights,
aggression etc.
According to Androff (2011), social workers practices are effective for rehabilitating
victims because the workers and association comply with governmental regulations which aims
at protecting child rights. With the helps of legal reforms the workers are able to decriminalize
victims of sexual exploitation and human trafficking. Further, with the helps of this the
individual get to know more abuse offenders and traffickers. The most effective practice which is
implemented by social workers for rehabilitation is implementing use of child friendly criminal
procedures. There are various cases handled by social workers under legal practices such as
Child protection Act 2003, Prevention and Suppression of prostitution Act 1996 etc. Similarly,
Rehabilitation of the victims of child trafficking: A multidisciplinary approach (2017), has stated
that social workers practices of rehabilitation are effective because these individual follow a
framework which helps in seeking and implementing all the necessary steps like first the NGO's
are focused on findings the facts about the situation which is termed as investigation. This is
done by analyzing physical, psychological and metal signs of child. It is the step which also
helps workers in determining type of offender. Second step of workers is enabling protection to
child for which the foremost function of social practices is to provide safe living environment to
child. Safe and positive surrounding around the child helps them in indulging with people which
helps in rescuing individuals from trauma and depression. Third step is providing rehabilitation
where the organisation forms a development plan for child. In this the ultimate focus of workers
is to make child forget the situation and develop a sense of living and loving among them. This
steps enable child friendliness to environment and repose to different situation around him or
17

her. Moreover, during rehabilitation it is important for the social workers to fulfill all the basic
needs of child because it is the only thing which will help in developing sense of belonging
among them. Fourth is reintegration where the child is allowed to get friendly to outer
surroundings and socializing. This practices are implemented by social workers to make child
comfortable in all type of environment and to boost his or her confidence. Last step of
framework is prevention of re-victimization where the workers are focused on reducing risk
factors around the child in his or surroundings and community. Following these steps of
framework is the guidelines which helps in enhancing value of social practices and developing a
sense of responsibility among all the workers who are around child.
According to Coates and Gray (2012), social workers are the group of people who are
trained and collaborate their efforts for the same goals and objectives. These workers are also
termed as multidisciplinary teams. These team in re habitation of victim of child sexual
exploitation are very trained and focused. The concept of these workers revolved around child
perception, signs, behaviors, professional practices and legal reforms. The group comprise
different types of professional such as psychologist, legal professional, psychologist, social
workers etc. In addition, implications for social work practices for rehabilitating victims plays
vital role in rescuing recovering children because the practices of these workers are focused on
promoting sense of confident love and living among victims. The work of social communities is
to mask people aware about the safe surroundings. In this session the trainers are focused on
making people aware about the wrong doings in environment in child friendly manner.
Explaining advantages and disadvantages of certain situation in to child in their language is the
best way to rehabilitate them about their situation and cope up. Implication of social workers
practices of rehabilitate is focused on identifying abnormalities of situation which are being
faced by child and which are creating discomfort for victims. Like in case if a child has suffered
child abuse than the professional first focuses on analyzing signs of his behaviors like if he or
she has any uncover wounds, broken teeth, internal injuries and especially damage to internal
organs. Further, in immediate protection the team enables protection to child where ultimate
focus of workers is enabled safe living environment to victim according to his or her own
comfort. Than comes rehabilitation where team implying practices recovering victim from the
situation of sexual exploitation. As per Rehabilitation of the victims of child trafficking: A
multidisciplinary approach (2017), rehabilitation of child Is based on identifying child abuse,
18

implementing risk, family and child assessment, investigating situation, enabling treatment,
seeking support form family and society, prevention of abuse and reintegration process. Thus,
the author believes that social worker practices of rehabilitation are focused on educating child
about sexual abuse and wrong people around them. Creating awareness about surrounding and
wrong practices is the only option which can helps the society on controlling child sexual
exploitation. Hence, seeking support forms social workers is the strategy which helps parents and
many families and stabilizing emotion imbalanced of child who have been struggling from abuse
and its symptoms.
19

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