Exploring the Gender Gap: A Study of Various Perspectives

The provided document is a collection of various studies and research papers related to the gender gap in wages, education, and other areas. The content includes academic articles, reports, and online resources that discuss the gap between men and women in different aspects such as financial literacy, science and engineering, high school environment, and college major choice. The document also covers the global gender gap report by the World Economic Forum and provides information on equal pay for equal work. The studies examine the impact of the gender gap on employee productivity, performance, and motivation, and highlight the factors that influence these aspects.

Research Proposal

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................3
Overview of research.......................................................................................................................3
Aims of research..............................................................................................................................3
Objectives of research......................................................................................................................3
Question of research........................................................................................................................3
Background of research...................................................................................................................4
Rationale of research........................................................................................................................4
Gantt Chart.......................................................................................................................................4
Chapter 2 Review of Literature........................................................................................................7
Issues related to gender gap within Hilton.......................................................................................7
Impact of equal pay legislations on organizational policies and employees of Hilton....................7
Impact of gender gap issues on employee's motivation and productivity in Hilton........................7
Factors that need to be considered by Hilton to improving situation and develop employee's
motivation and productivity as well.........................................................................................8
Chapter 3 Research methodology....................................................................................................8
Research philosophy .......................................................................................................................8
Type of investigation.......................................................................................................................9
Data collection.................................................................................................................................9
Sampling .......................................................................................................................................10
Ethical Consideration ....................................................................................................................10
Chapter 4 Under data presentation.................................................................................................11
Chapter 5 Recommendation and Conclusion.................................................................................26
Recommendation...........................................................................................................................26
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................26
REFRENCES 27

Chapter 1 Introduction
Overview of research
Gender gap is related to the discrimination within male and female which directly give negative
impact on the employees motivation and productivity (Aterido, Beck and Iacovone, 2013).
. It is important for an organisation to give equal treatment to their staff members as well as
opportunities. In relation to this, equality act has been introduced by legal bodies which should
be implemented. So that, it will motivate employees as well as increase productivity of company.
This research project is based on Hilton Hotel which is an hospitality industry organisation
founded in 1919 and its founder is Conrad Hiltion. They are providing their services related to
hotel and resort at worldwide level.
Aims of research
Aim of the research: “To ascertain the issues related to gender gap and its impact on employee's
motivation and productivity within workplace”. A study on Hilton.
Objectives of research
 To identify the issues related to gender gap within Hilton.
 To ascertain the impact of equal pay legislations on organizational policies and
employees of Hilton
 To determine the impact of gender gap issues on employee's motivation and productivity
in Hilton.
 To evaluate factors that need to be considered by Hilton to improve the situation in hotel
and develop employee's motivation and productivity as well.
Question of research
 What are the issues related to gender gap within Hilton.
 What is the impact of equal pay legislations on organizational policies and employees of
Hilton
 How gender gap impact on employee's motivation and productivity in Hilton.
 What are the factors needed to be considered by Hilton to improve the situation in hotel
and develop employee's motivation and productivity as well.

Background of research
Hiltion is global brand which is full service hotel and resort as well as an flagship brand of
American multinational hospitality organisation. This organisation was founded by Conrad
Hiltion in 1919 and it is famous for the services providing by them to customers. Thus, gender
gap within organisation give wide impact on staff member’s motivation as well as on
productivity within workplace. This research will help in analysing challenges facing by
organisation because of gender gap.
Rationale of research
Main reason behind selection topic “To ascertain the issues related to gender gap and its impact
on employee's motivation and productivity within workplace” is to analyse how a organisation
deals with challenges of this process as well as gain opportunity through developing the same.
This will going to be assist researchers in understanding the concept of gender gap and its impact
on employees motivation and productivity (Angelov, Johansson and Lindahl, 2016)
. Along with this, this study will also provide assistance to researchers in enhancing their
research skills through utilising a number of methods for collecting, analysing as well as
interpreting the required information or data.
Gantt Chart
Gantt chart is bar chart illustration which shows project schedule and it was introduce by Henrt
gantt who designed respective chart within year 1910-1915. In simple term, it shows dependency
relationship within activities as well as current schedule status. Gantt chart mainly use for
managing project as well as it is one of most popular and useful way which help in showing
activities which are displayed against time. On the left side of chart list of activities are displayed
along with their time on top of chart (Bailey, Hershbein and Miller, 2012)
. Moreover, each and every activity are represented through bar in which position and
length reflect their start date, duration as well as end activity. Below mention is the bar chart of
following research project :-

Chapter 2 Review of Literature
Issues related to gender gap within Hilton.
According to the views of Krivkovich and et.al., 2018 it has been identified that
companies are now a days highly committed towards gender diversity but their commitment are
not translating within meaningful progress. By conducting survey within 279 organisations
which are employing approx. 13 million people and survey is conducted over 64,000 employees
by qualitative interview. From this it has been identified that women's who are working more
than 30 years and having more bachelor degree as compare to men's. But still their paying scale
are same as men's or in some situation it is low also.
Impact of equal pay legislations on organizational policies and employees of Hilton
According to the views of equality and human right commission, 2019 there are several
legislations given by the government of nation related to equal pay for employees without any
gender discrimination. Comparator are doing same job as women or doing different or may be
not similar. In that situation she can claim equal pay for equal work with a comparator doing
work that is: like work, work related as equivalent and work of equal value. Apart from this in
several circumstances women can claim equal pay with a man working:-
 Same employers within similar workplace.
 Same employer with a different workplace where common terms as well as conditions
apply, for instance at another branch of a store.
 For an associated employer; example, at her employer's parent organisation.
Apart from this, legislation related to Equality act,2010 will assist in providing equal
right to employees without any discrimination. All these legislations are very much important for
an organisation as well as an individual to treat with people in same manner who work for same
position with equal work efforts. The equal pay provisions of the act is very much important for
an organisation in various situations in which women are less paid in comparison to men. Paying
women less from men are unfair and has far reaching impacts on society towards gender pay
gap, in women lower pension contribution with high no. of incidence in their life.
Impact of gender gap issues on employee's motivation and productivity in Hilton.
According to the views of Saleh, 2019 it has been analysed that gender discrimination
direct give impact on performance and productivity of employees as well as also on motivation.

Apart from this, there are three factors of gender discrimination such as recruitment, selection,
promotion and facilities. While hiring staff members within organisation priority are given to
male candidate which result in favouritism and demotivating women staff member's. Apart from
this, same things are doing within working area also which result in demotivation and decreasing
productivity. In most of the organisations female always consider inferior in comparison to the
male candidate instead that both possess same qualities and competency level in an organisation.
That kind of behaviour not only impacts on mental level of an employee but also on physical
work capacity of an individual that directly impacts on efficiency level of organisation to
accomplish works and procedures in better way. As mentioned above that discrimination should
be applied while recruiting and selecting people in an organisation. In that scenario sometimes
organisation failed to get one of most competent and skilful personnel as per their demand. So
oranisation always have to select and promote people on basis of their skills and capabities not
on basis of their gender that not only proved harmful for individual as well as organisation in
gain their goals and objectives in proper way.
Factors that need to be considered by Hilton to improving situation and develop employee's
motivation and productivity as well.
According to the views of Bell, 2017 it has been identified that there are major nine
factors which can be utilise by organisation for motivating their employees. These are as
follows :-
 Salary: Salary and remuneration is one of most important factor to give motivation level
to employees so that they can give their best in organisational goals and objectives
accomplishment. In an organisation for eradicating gender gap, with help of salary and by
using equal pay for equal work concept Hotel Hilton not only motivate their employees
but also eliminate gender gap.
 Non-monetary incentives: Non monetary incentives are very much important motivating
factor for an employees in which includes health insurance, fringe benefits, rental
facilities, LTC and many more are types of non monetary incentives that motivate
employees to give their best to achieving organisational goals and objectives in better
way.

 Relationship with colleagues: Relationship with superior and subordinates are very much
significant for both organisation as well as for an individual. It can be possible by giving
free chain of communication and knowledge with each other so that a strong relation ship
can be established within them. By arranging get together in which employees can easily
know each other and by build effective teams in which every one work for common goal
all are important ways to build healthy relationship in workers at workplace. With a
strong relationship employees remain always motivated and ready to give their best in
achieving organisational goals and objectives.
 Company's culture: Culture is the social behaviour and norms that found in human
societies. Culture plays very great role in organisation to give motivation to employees so
that they can maximum contributes in achieving organisational goals and objectives in
better way. In context of Hotel Hilton to build a effective culture they follow free flow of
knowledge and information in which every one can share knowledge and information to
every other so that proper results should be accomplished. They provide flexible working
hours so that as willing of employees they give their efforts and always remain motivated
for organisation and give their best.
 learning and development opportunities: Learning and development opportunities that are
playing very much crucial part for an individual to remain motivated in an organisation.
It can be only possible by giving training and development to employees as per market
demands that not only proved beneficial for employee to give their best but also for
organisation that it can achieve competitive advantage as human resource is one of most
precious assets resides with organisation.
 Personal life: To motivate people organisation also give time and space for their personal
life so that they remain always positive and give their best in achieving organisational
goals and objectives.
 Performing meaningful work: for an organisation it is very much important to give
meaningful work and challenging work also so that they can remain always positive to
give their best in organisational development and enhancement. So giving best efforts to
motivate employees are very much crucial for Hotel Hilton to build a strong brand image
in front of market to lead and sustain for long time.

Chapter 3 Research methodology
Research methodology is the procedure utilise for gathering information as well as data with the
motive of business decision. Moreover, it may involve publication research, surveys, interview,
other research techniques and may include both present and historical information.
Research philosophy
It is the method utilise by researcher for gaining appropriate detail related to the
phenomenon which will be use by them for gathering, analysing as well as using information
related to particular topic (Bertrand and Pan, 2013)
. Epistemology is a term that is utilised by a researcher for conducting research, so that they can
gather information related to the philosophy which will utilise in research. Moreover,
epistemology is a part of philosophy, which provide information related to theory of knowledge
as well as which is known to be literal. Furthermore, research philosophy add value to the
research because it assist researcher in collecting appropriate information within effective
manner. Although, research philosophy is of two type i.e., positivism and interpretivism. Thus,
positivism is that where data is gathered from real time entities and also through real life
situations (Cha and Weeden, 2014)
. On the other hand, another is interpretivism which is defined as interpretation and also by
interference that can be understand. In this research, interpretivism will be utilise by researcher
because outcomes gain are valid as well as positivism is not using because there is chances of
error while gathering data or information.
Type of investigation
Investigation is the procedure utilise by researcher for gathering information and data
which will assist in conducting entire research. For completing research in proper manner there
are two type of research technique i.e., qualitative and quantitative. Explanation of these are as
follows :-
Qualitative research – It is form of research is that which gather non-numerical data and this type
of research mainly refer to the meaning, concept, definition, symbols and so on. In simple term,
qualitative research is defined as an market research method which focus on gathering data by
open-ended as well as conversational communication (DiPrete and Buchmann, 2013). There are

several methods of respective research such as one on one interview, focus group, case study
research, record keeping, process of observation and many more.
Quantitative Research – It is research method which emphasize objective measurement and
collect data in the form of mathematical, statistical as well as numerical form. Information within
respective method gathered through questionnaires, survey, polls etc.. moreover, it is define as a
systematic investigation phenomena by collecting quantifiable data and performing statistical,
mathematical as well as computational techniques. As templates of respective research are
objective, elaborate as well as in several time investigate in nature (Esteve, García‐Román and
Permanyer, 2012).
In this research, qualitative investigation method will be utilise by research for collecting
information and data by using questionnaire method. Because it will help in gathering
information in more relevant manner by approaching several theories and approaches.
Data collection
Data collection method used by a researcher for collecting authenticated as well as
appropriate data for research. Because it help them in making research more valuable or worth
full. There are mainly two method of data collection explanation of these are as follows :-
Primary data collection : It is an data gathering method in which first hand information will be
gathered by research that has been never published before. There are several sources through
which primary data will collected these are interviews, surveys, questionnaires and online
surveys (Fonseca and et. al., 2012). As it is most appropriate method of gathering data because
information collected with the assistance of respective source is accurate. But primary method is
expensive as well as time consuming.
 Secondary data collection : This is an data gathering method use by researcher for
collecting information. But through secondary method information gathered will be
second hand that has already been published in any source. Tool for gathering secondary
data are magazine, journal, books, published articles, newspaper and so on. There is less
chances of gathering accurate information through secondary method but it is less
expensive as well as not time consuming process.
In this research, primary data collection method will be use by researcher for gathering
information (Legewie and DiPrete, 2012).

. Tool will be questionnaire so that perception of people will be collected in easy manner. Thus,
it will help in gathering accurate information and data in effective manner as well help in
conducting research within effective manner.
Sampling
Sampling refers to a process of collecting sample of a data having large population, either on
random or non-random basis (Legewie and DiPrete, 2014)
. It includes various techniques that help in selecting the sample that simple, stratified,
cluster and more sampling methods. Here, in present research a sample of 20 respondents are
chosen from stakeholders of given restaurant to get their views on concept of diversity.
Ethical Consideration
In order to create effectiveness of research, it is essential for researchers concern on ethical
consideration, where they must ensure that personal detail of any respondent will not reveal in
front of third party (Ors, Palomino and Peyrache, 2013). Along with this, while gathering data
from secondary source, researchers also need to concern on authenticity of website also, from
where data has been extracted. All these procedures help in maintaining ethics at every stage of
research.
Chapter 4 Under data presentation
Data analysis is systematic process within that information will be gathered, collected as
well as stored in proper manner. Moreover, data analysis is necessary because it provide
information on the basis of conclusion as well as recommendation given.

Questionnaire
Name:
Employee ID:
Designation:
Q1) What are the issues related to gender gap within Hilton?
 Unsatisfied staff
 High turnover ration Decrease in productivity
Q2) What is the impact of equal pay legislations on organizational policies and employees of
Hilton?
 Satisfied staff members
 Less employee’s turnover Increasing productivity
Q3) How gender gap impact on employee's motivation and productivity in Hilton?
 By making them unsatisfied Decreasing organisational profitability
Q4) What are the factors needed to be considered by Hilton to improve the situation in hotel
and develop employee's motivation and productivity as well?
 Equal opportunity to employee’s
 Equal wages Fair treatment with everyone
Q5) What would be measures which help to overcome from gender gap and help to improve
productivity of employees?
 Equal salary
 Fair treatment Equal future opportunities
Q6) Does presence of gender gap within the organisation has negative impact over the
brand image of Hilton?
 Yes No
Q7) Do you think gender gap is common reason behind high turnover rate within the

organisation?
 Yes No
Q8) What are the positive impact ascertain by organisation after removal of issues related to
gender gap in Hilton Hotel?
 Employee’s retention
 Increasing productivity Less turnover ratio
Q9) Do to think women employees have high amount of passion and courage towards work
in comparison to male employees?
 Yes No
Q10) Does adherence of all laws of equality act have positive impact over the different area
of organisation?
 Agree Disagree
Q11) Recommend the factors that management of Hilton Hotel need to concern more for
managing gender gap at workplace…

Q1) What are the issues related to gender gap within Hilton? Frequency
 Unsatisfied staff 8
 High turnover ration 5
 Decrease in productivity 7
Q2) What is the impact of equal pay legislations on organizational policies
and employees of Hilton?
Frequency
 Satisfied staff members 5
 Less employee’s turnover 5
 Increasing productivity 10
Q3) How gender gap impact on employee's motivation and productivity in
Hilton?
Frequency
 By making them unsatisfied 12
 Decreasing organisational profitability 8
Q4) What are the factors needed to be considered by Hilton to improve the
situation in hotel and develop employee's motivation and productivity as
well?
Frequency
 Equal opportunity to employee’s 7
 Equal wages 5
 Fair treatment with everyone 8
Q5) What would be measures which help to overcome from gender gap and
help to improve productivity of employees?
Frequency
 Equal salary 7
 Fair treatment 7
 Equal future opportunities 6

Q6) Does presence of gender gap within the organisation has negative
impact over the brand image of Hilton?
Frequency
 Yes 11
 No 9
Q7) Do you think gender gap is common reason behind high turnover rate
within the organisation?
Frequency
 Yes 13
 No 7
Q8) What are the positive impact ascertain by organisation after removal of
issues related to gender gap in Hilton Hotel?
Frequency
 Employee’s retention 6
 Increasing productivity 5
 Less turnover ratio 9
Q9) Do to think women employees have high amount of passion and
courage towards work in comparison to male employees?
Frequency
 Yes 16
 No 4
Q10) Does adherence of all laws of equality act have positive impact over
the different area of organisation?
Frequency
 Agree 15
 Disagree 5

Theme 1: The issues related to gender gap within Hilton
Q1) What are the issues related to gender
gap within Hilton?
Frequency
 Unsatisfied staff 8
 High turnover ration 5
 Decrease in productivity 7
Interpretation – From the above mention graphical presentation, it has been analysed that
there are several issues organisation will face related to gender gap within Hilton Hotel such as
unsatisfied staff, high turnover ratio and decreasing productivity. This, from respondents point of
view major issue is unsatisfied staff as out of 20 respondents 8 are in the favour of it. Although,
another issues is decreasing productivity in this 7 respondents are in favour. Whereas, remaining
5 are in the favour of high turnover ratio.
8
5
7 Unsatisfied staff
High turnover ration
Decrease in
productivity

Theme 2: The impact of equal pay legislations on organizational policies and employees of
Hilton
Q2) What is the impact of equal pay
legislations on organizational policies and
employees of Hilton?
Frequency
 Satisfied staff members 5
 Less employee’s turnover 5
 Increasing productivity 10
Interpretation – The equal pay act encourage organisations to make fair policies and
procedures because salaries & wages are considered as main motivational factor among
employees, it is helpful to reduce conflicts regarding payments and staff members remain
satisfied which is favourable for an organisation to achieve their targets successfully. From the
above graphical representation, it has been analysed that 5 respondents provide positive opinion
and said that equal pay is helpful to make employees satisfied. However, 5 participants provide
views to maintain policies of equal pay as it will facilitate to reduce employee turnover of the
organisation. On the other hand, rest of 10 individuals go with option of increasing productivity
through motivating staff by equal pay policies & procedures.
5
5
10
Satisfied staff members
Less employee’s
turnover
Increasing productivity

Theme 3: Gender gap impact on employee's motivation and productivity in Hilton
Q3) How gender gap impact on employee's
motivation and productivity in Hilton?
Frequency
 By making them unsatisfied 12
 Decreasing organisational profitability 8
Interpretation – The gender gap impacts on way of thinking and analysing different
aspects of an organisation which impacts on productivity of business. Employees of different age
group has dissimilar mentality which affects coordination between them which impacts
negatively on entire productivity of given company. From the above pie graph, it has been
evaluated that 12 respondents provide views about making employee dissatisfied which affect on
their motivational level at work place. However, rest of 8 people said that reduce motivation and
productivity impacts on decreasing profit level of an organisation.
12
8 By making them
unsatisfied
Decreasing
organisational profitability

Theme 4: Factors needed to be considered by Hilton to improve the situation in hotel and
develop employee's motivation and productivity as well.
Q4) What are the factors needed to be
considered by Hilton to improve the situation
in hotel and develop employee's motivation
and productivity as well?
Frequency
 Equal opportunity to employee’s 7
 Equal wages 5
 Fair treatment with everyone 8
Interpretation - from the above graph it has been concluded that organization have to
always pay attention on increasing motivation level of their employees and their are many ways
to motivate human resource. As per the respondents view point who consider equal
opportunities for every one by giving challenging task that not only give competitive advantage
to organisation but also enhance morale of employees in giving their best. In that 7 respondents
favour to give equal opportunities and 8 favours for fair treatment with everyone that motivate to
people in giving their best and 5 respondents favour equal pay for equal wages.
7
5
8 Equal opportunity to
employee’s
Equal wages
Fair treatment with
everyone

Theme 5: Measures which help to overcome from gender gap and help to improve productivity
of employees.
Q5) What would be measures which help to
overcome from gender gap and help to
improve productivity of employees?
Frequency
 Equal salary 7
 Fair treatment 7
 Equal future opportunities 6
Interpretation – from the above graph it has been summarised that gender gap should be
eliminated at maximum level so that every one can give their best in organisational development
and enhancement. Gender gap elimination helps in enhance employee motivation and they can
be able to give their best. There are many ways to enhance productivity by giving equal pay for
equal work by fair treatment to with one another, in that respondents consider it equally
important and giving future opportunities to prosper by giving training and development and
challenging tasks rated as 7 by respondents.
7
7
6
Equal salary
Fair treatment
Equal future opportunities

Theme 6: Presence of gender gap within the organisation has negative impact over the brand
image of Hilton.
Q6) Does presence of gender gap within the
organisation has negative impact over the
brand image of Hilton?
Frequency
 Yes 11
 No 9
Interpretation – Gender gap not only hinders self interest of an individual but also of
organisation in giving their best for organisational growth and enhancement. While organisation
conduct recruitment process people not get interested to give their efforts in which people suffer
from gender discrimination in that aspect organisation found unable to get competent manpower
in effective manner. Respondents give 11 points for accent that gender discrimination affect
brand image of organisation and 9 respondents give views that not gender gap not affect on
brand image of an organisation.
11
9
Yes
No

Theme 7: Gender gap is common reason behind high turnover rate within the organisation
Q7) Do you think gender gap is common
reason behind high turnover rate within the
organisation?
Frequency
 Yes 13
 No 7
Interpretation – it can be said that when gender discrimination exist in an organisation
people who are working over there not feel optimistic about their future, growth and career
opportunities and escape to give their best. While organisation not treat with equally with every
one people try to disengage themselves from respective firm. Quit a job frequently not only
harm to an individual but also for organisation that their most time and efforts should be invested
on giving training to their workforce. So it can be said that gender discrimination is one of most
significant cause behind the employee turnover as per the research.
13
7
Yes
No

Theme 8: The positive impact ascertains by organisation after removal of issues related to
gender gap in Hilton Hotel
Q8) What are the positive impact ascertain
by organisation after removal of issues
related to gender gap in Hilton Hotel?
Frequency
 Employee’s retention 6
 Increasing productivity 5
 Less turnover ratio 9
Interpretation – Taking proper steps for removing gender discrimination is very much
significant for organisation to achieve best results in positive way. In context of Hotel Hilton to
eliminate effects of gender gap they occupy various ways and methods that proved beneficial for
organisation as well as for employees. After taking some important steps organisation able to get
high retention of employees as rated 9. Now people more interested to give their services in
respective organisation. It helps in enhancing employee retention and motivation level also that
simultaneously increase their productivity level.
6
5
9 Employee’s retention
Increasing productivity
Less turnover ratio

Theme 9: women employees have high amount of passion and courage towards work in
comparison to male employees
Q9) Do to think women employees have high
amount of passion and courage towards
work in comparison to male employees?
Frequency
 Yes 16
 No 4
Interpretation – women are more passionate about their goals and objectives in
comparison to the men. They give their best in every kind of work in which they engage to get
fruitful results out of it. They are very much caring and always optimistic for their future. So
respondents give remark by giving their accent that women are more passionate towards their
goals and objectives in comparison to men.
16
4
Yes
No

Theme 10: Does adherence of all laws of equality act have positive impact over the different
area of organisation.
Q10) Does adherence of all laws of equality
act have positive impact over the different
area of organisation?
Frequency
 Agree 15
 Disagree 5
Interpretation – Rules and regulations are very much important in every sphere of life. In
context of Gender gap or Gender equality with help of law organisations that are not willing to
treat in equal manner with men and women but law create fear and also depicts importance in
life of every human being. So after applying laws of equality organisation can be able to get
positive outcomes to achieve higher productivity.
15
5
Agree
Disagree

Chapter 5 Recommendation and Conclusion
Recommendation
In order to remove gender gap and challenges facing by Hilton Hotel, it has been
recommended to manager to implement below mention recommendation within their working.
Explanation of these are as follows :-
 They have to work for removing gender gap within organisation by providing equal
opportunity to each and every staff member whether it can be male or female.
 Along with this, wages should be according to job position within organisation. Not
on the basis of male and female gender.
Thus, such practices will result in removing gender gap and help in motivating staff
members. So they, will retain in organisation for long durations.
Conclusion
From the above research it has been concluded that, in an organisation their should be no
gender gap because it result in demotivating employees as well as reducing productivity of
company. Moreover there will be several other challenges also that Hilton Hotel will face
because of it. Thus, for minimising its impact there are several major which respective hotel have
to take such as equal opportunity to male and female both as well as pay as pet their work.
Because it will result in long term employees retention as well as result in increasing
productivity of business firm.

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