This assignment critically examines Geert Hofstede’s theory of national cultures and Professor Brendan McSweeney's refutation of it. The report analyzes Hofstede's six dimensions of culture and McSweeney's emphasis on subcultures within nations. It also evaluates the practicality of both perspectives for organizational understanding and management.
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The myth of national culture-Counter argument to Hofstede’s work by Professor Brendan McSweeney at Royal Holloway, University of London Report: Activity 4 Student Name:Student ID: Subject Name:Subject ID: Date Due:Professor Name: Page |1
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Executive Summary Cultural heterogeneity imposed challenges for organizations who needed a framework for understanding of them. Geert Hofstede’s developed a study that identified five dimensions of national cultures. Professor Brendan McSweeney refuted Hofstede’s view regarding national culture and proposed sub-cultures of them. The scope of this study examines views of both the professors identifying practicality of both. Table of Contents Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................2 Page |2
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................4 Analysis........................................................................................................................................................4 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................5 Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................7 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................7 Analysis........................................................................................................................................................8 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................8 Reference Lists............................................................................................................................................8 Introduction Cultural understanding are important determinant for organisational success. Several researchers have studies and analysed cross-cultures in order to develop their scopes and understand them in Page |3
great details(Hofstede, Geert hofstede., 2010).Geert Hofstede’s developed powerful theory enduring which depicted national cultures or their differences. His findings reflects a number of dimensions with six distinct parameters that was used to determine cultures of nations. Though his findings had significant implications for management of diversified cultures across countries it had been refuted by many. Professor Brendan McSweeney refuted his views depicting sets of sub-cultures that occupied nations(Yoo, 2011). The scope of the current analysis provides a detailed insight into the myths for national cultures. Analysis Geert Hofstede’s conducted a study of national cultures on power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation and indulgence. Countries across the world were rated and their individual scores were developed on basis of these parameters (McSweeney, The essentials of scholarship: A reply to Geert Hofstede, 2002). The study was a pioneer in the field of comprehensive cross-cultural studies. However, the study was based on several underlying assumptions hence had very little practical applicability. Professor Brendan McSweeney developed further on studies of Hofstede, stating that a nation comprises of various sub-cultures hence it is not possible to define cultures at a national level. He stated further that homogeneity amongst cultures of nations cannot exists and is only a myth(www.youtube.com, Retrieved on 17th September 2017). Hisdevelopment of subcultures were in connection to economic, political or historical influences. There were diversity amongst various cultures within a country, hence accurate depiction of culture for a particular nation does not hold. He further added that Hofstede’s view about national cultures were more theoretical in nature and had little practical application. He identified geographical differences within a country to be determining factors that affects cultures impacting an individual behaviors(Soares, 2007). Thus, he pointed out that national cultures can be signified as clusters of cub-culture that is obtained from individualistic norms. Page |4
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Conclusion Analysis of cultural views proposed by Geert Hofstede’s and McSweeney states that the later had more compelling views which could be applied. McSweeney’s views regarding national cultures are more practical and have been adopted by organizations and researchers for further studies as well. Reference Lists Hofstede, G. 2010. Geert hofstede.National cultural dimensions. Hofstede, G. 2010. 'Geert Hofstede.', National cultural dimensions. Page |5
McSweeney, B. 2002. The essentials of scholarship: A reply to Geert Hofstede.Human relations, 55(11), 1363-1372. McSweeney, B. 2009. Dynamic diversity: variety and variation within countries.Organization Studies, 933-957. Soares, A. M. 2007. Hofstede's dimensions of culture in international marketing studies. . Journal of business research, 277-284. www.youtube.com. (Retrieved on 17th September 2017). McSweeney National Culture. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u_l84Dj2eXY. Yoo, B. D. (2011). Measuring Hofstede's five dimensions of cultural values at the individual level: Development and validation of CVSCALE. .Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23(3-4), 193-210. Page |6