The poverty involves more than lack of productive

Running head: BREIFING PAPER 0
M1212/ COMMUNITY, POLICY AND CHANGE
MARCH 24, 2020
STUDENT DETAILS

BRIEFING PAPER 1
Contents
Clear statement of the purpose of the policy brief.......................................................................................2
Concise summary of social policy challenge...............................................................................................2
Identification of policy options....................................................................................................................4
Reference list...............................................................................................................................................8

BRIEFING PAPER 2
Clear statement of the purpose of the policy brief
The poverty is a state of being extremely poor. The term ‘poor’ means not having sufficient
money to support themselves and families with the fundamental supplies of life, like shelter,
food, as well as water1. The poverty involves more than lack of productive means and earning to
make sure sustainable livelihood2. The indication of poverty includes undernourishment as well
as hunger, no or less access of education and fundamental facilities, social perception and
exclusion and absence of involvement in decision taking. The main purpose of this policy brief is
to assess social policy challenges and to review and evaluate policy reduction policies3.
Concise summary of social policy challenge
The poverty is important area of social policy. The poverty is one of the biggest issue of world.
The poverty means that the income level from employment is very low that fundamental needs
1 Francois Bourguignon and Chakravarty Satya. "The measurement of multidimensional poverty." In Poverty, Social
Exclusion and Stochastic Dominance, pp. 83-107. Springer, Singapore, 2019.
2 Luc Christiaensen and Kanbur Ravi. "Secondary towns and poverty reduction: refocusing the urbanization
agenda." Annual Review of Resource Economics 9 (2017): 405-419.
3 Aldi Hagenaars. "The definition and measurement of poverty." In Economic inequality and poverty: International
perspectives, pp. 148-170. Routledge, 2017.

BRIEFING PAPER 3
of person cannot be met. In different terms, the absolute poverty is a complete lack of resources
essential to get fundamental requirements, like clothing, shelter, as well as food4. It can see that
large population lives in rural area of the world. In addition, most of them are living in rural
areas reside in poverty. The Socio-economic problems are elements that have adverse impact on
the financial activities of people, such as religious discrimination, lack of education, cultural
discrimination, corruption, overpopulation, as well as joblessness. It is evident that the problems,
such as hunger, thirst, as well as thirst are causes and effects of poverty. The hunger rate is very
high. The lack of access to nutrition or proper food leads to vulnerability to diseases. The
enhancing numbers of farmer’s suicide take place because of the burden of rural obligations.
Additionally, the rise in unemployment rate also leads the problem of poverty5.
4 Karel Williams. From pauperism to poverty. Routledge, 2016.
5 Charles Blankson and Nukpezah Julius. "Market Orientation and Poverty Reduction: A Study of Rural Small
Businesses in Ghana: An Abstract." In Academy of Marketing Science World Marketing Congress, pp. 745-746.
Springer, Cham, 2018.

BRIEFING PAPER 4
From this graph, it can understand that how poverty affects the global earning distribution6.
Further, the poverty affects the whole society. The poverty is main cause of social tension along
with threaten to divide the country due to the problem of inequality, especially incomes
inequality. It takes place when wealth in the nation is poorly allocated among the people. In this
way, the challenges in undertaking susceptibility to poverty are chronic unemployment,
inequality between nations, dependency on import of food, predicted deterioration in remittance,
and perceptible rise of individuals residing in poverty. It is found that most of the people do not
get access to proper healthcare services. In addition, the sanitation condition is also not good in
most of areas. The huge sections of the inhabitants are still deprived of access to fundamental
sanitation, particularly susceptible group. Moreover, the money laundering, corruption and
taxation elusion stall the development of nation. It can say that it has negative impact on the
social welfare program. It is also found that the poor infrastructure of country contributes to
slow development and progress. Some countries do not invest in the infrastructure facilities like
agriculture, sound banking system, communication, as well as proper transportation. Therefore,
the poor infrastructure can also lead poverty7.
Identification of policy options
It is essential to end these above discussed social policy challenges. To reduce the challenges
related to poverty, it is required to identify the best available policy options. The good policies
can be helpful to reduce poverty challenges. The poverty related main challenges dealt with
through political desire, education, and the empowerment of women. Following are best policy
options –
6 Walter Bossert, Chakravarty Satya, and d’Ambrosio Conchita. "Poverty and time." In Poverty, Social Exclusion and
Stochastic Dominance, pp. 63-82. Springer, Singapore, 2019.
7 James Hansen and Campbell Bruce. "Climate risk management and rural poverty reduction." Agricultural
Systems 172 (2019): 28-46.

BRIEFING PAPER 5
 Create jobs – the best way to reduce the poverty is to create more jobs. In this way,
everyone will be able to get employment and earning as well8.
 Support pay equity – it can see that the full-time female employees earn just seventy-
eight per cent for every one dollar got by men. In this situation, it is essential to take
proper actions to ensure the equal payment for similar works. In this way, ending the
gender wage gap will end the poverty in half for employed females and their family. It
can also see that the implementation of this policy will add about half of trillion dollars to
the gross domestic product (GDP) of nation. It will be first essential step to pass the Pay
check Fairness Act for holding employers responsible for the discriminatory salary
approaches9.
 Minimum wages – it is required to make regulations of the labour marketplaces, for
instance, the provision of statutory minimum wage10.
8 Amirul Iman Mohd Jazid and Rashid Umi Kartini. "Poverty Reduction through Entrepreneurship
Programmes." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 3 (2019).
9 Augustin Kwasi Fosu. "Growth, inequality, and poverty reduction in developing countries: Recent global
evidence." Research in Economics 71, no. 2 (2017): 306-336.
10 Martin Ravallion. "Poverty reduction strategies." New York: Keynote Presentation at the Commission for Social
Development, United Nations (2017).

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 Means-tested welfare benefits – the means-tested benefits include increasing welfare
benefits to the people having lower income11. The best examples of means-tested welfare
benefits are universal tax credit, child benefits as well as foodstuff stamps.
 Benefits in kinds – this significant public service is rendered free at a level of use (or
subsidized). It mainly includes healthcare services as well as education. The free of cost
education enables the people from lower income families to get skills and qualification. It
can be helpful for these people to get better job along with high income in the upcoming
period12.
11 Olli Kangas, and Ritakallio Veli-Matti. "Different methods-different results? Approaches to multidimensional
poverty." In Empirical poverty research in a comparative perspective, pp. 167-204. Routledge, 2019.
12 John Mellor and Malik Sohail. "The impact of growth in small commercial farm productivity on rural poverty
reduction." World Development 91 (2017): 1-10.

BRIEFING PAPER 7
 Infrastructure development – there is great connection between infrastructure
development as well as end of poverty. It is essentially required to focus on the most
neglected infrastructure system such as transportation as well as commination.
 Changes in the resources distribution within the marginal subgroups – it is required
to ensure the equal allocation of resources within the marginal subgroups.
 Direct provision of services and products – the direct provision of products as well as
services includes subsidised housing, free health services, as well as free education.
 Free market policies to promote economic growth – this policy is made by hoping that
increasing living standard would sort to the deprived in societies. This policy can be
beneficial to reduce the poverty13.
13 Deepa Pullanikkatil and Shackleton Charlie M.. "Poverty reduction strategies and non-timber forest products."
In Poverty Reduction Through Non-Timber Forest Products, pp. 3-13. Springer, Cham, 2019.

BRIEFING PAPER 8
Reference list
Blankson, Charles, and Julius Nukpezah. "Market Orientation and Poverty Reduction: A Study
of Rural Small Businesses in Ghana: An Abstract." In Academy of Marketing Science World
Marketing Congress, pp. 745-746. Springer, Cham, 2018.
Bourguignon, Francois, and Satya R. Chakravarty. "The measurement of multidimensional
poverty." In Poverty, Social Exclusion and Stochastic Dominance, pp. 83-107. Springer,
Singapore, 2019.
Christiaensen, Luc, and Ravi Kanbur. "Secondary towns and poverty reduction: refocusing the
urbanization agenda." Annual Review of Resource Economics 9 (2017): 405-419.
Fosu, Augustin Kwasi. "Growth, inequality, and poverty reduction in developing countries:
Recent global evidence." Research in Economics 71, no. 2 (2017): 306-336.
Hansen, James and Bruce Campbell. "Climate risk management and rural poverty
reduction." Agricultural Systems 172 (2019): 28-46.
Bossert, Walter, Satya R. Chakravarty, and Conchita d’Ambrosio. "Poverty and time."
In Poverty, Social Exclusion and Stochastic Dominance, pp. 63-82. Springer, Singapore, 2019.
Hagenaars, Aldi JM. "The definition and measurement of poverty." In Economic inequality and
poverty: International perspectives, pp. 148-170. Routledge, 2017.
Jazid, Amirul Iman Mohd and Umi Kartini Rashid. "Poverty Reduction through
Entrepreneurship Programmes." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 23, no. 3
(2019).

BRIEFING PAPER 9
Mellor, John W., and Sohail J. Malik. "The impact of growth in small commercial farm
productivity on rural poverty reduction." World Development 91 (2017): 1-10.
Pullanikkatil, Deepa, and Charlie M. Shackleton. "Poverty reduction strategies and non-timber
forest products." In Poverty Reduction Through Non-Timber Forest Products, pp. 3-13. Springer,
Cham, 2019.
Ravallion, Martin. "Poverty reduction strategies." New York: Keynote Presentation at the
Commission for Social Development, United Nations (2017).
Williams, Karel. From pauperism to poverty. Routledge, 2016.
Kangas, Olli, and Veli-Matti Ritakallio. "Different methods-different results? Approaches to
multidimensional poverty." In Empirical poverty research in a comparative perspective, pp. 167-
204. Routledge, 2019.