More than half of Australian adults do not engage in adequate physical activity as per the recommended guidelines and physical inactivity is linked to high percentage of disease burden for diabetes (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017). The main research question to explore the effect of exercise on diabetes and obesity prevalence in Australia is as follows: Do regular exercise (I) reduce the incidence of diabetes and obesity (O) compared to no exercise (C) in young children and adolescent in Australia (P)?