Construction Management and Project Planning

This assignment delves into the realm of construction management, encompassing theoretical frameworks, practical applications in high-rise buildings, and project planning strategies. It draws upon a diverse range of resources, including scholarly works on management theory, construction technology handbooks, and influential texts on systems thinking and problem-solving. The assignment encourages a comprehensive understanding of how these concepts intertwine to shape successful construction projects.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 1
ESTIMATING MAJOR
By Name
Course
Instructor
Institution
Location
Date

ESTIMATING MAJOR 2
Executive summary
The purpose of this report was to form a team of members whose main aim was to discuss the
price in the preliminaries and other trades of Bills of Quantities. The team also selected one
option that was provided in part 2 of the task so as to make strong impressions to the senior
estimator in their skills that demonstrated high estimating skills, outstanding researching skills.
Finally, the team was able to bring forth best estimates that eventually maximized and optimized
the probability of winning the tender.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 3
Table of Contents
Executive summary.........................................................................................................................2
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Part A: Project preliminaries costs..................................................................................................4
Section A1................................................................................................................................4
Section A2................................................................................................................................7
Typical preliminaries item for this project...............................................................................7
A2: Preliminaries Bill...............................................................................................................9
Part B. priced Bills of Quantities (BQ) for the selected trades using Build software...................11
Section B1..............................................................................................................................11
Section B2..............................................................................................................................14
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................15
References......................................................................................................................................16

ESTIMATING MAJOR 4
Introduction.
Tendering process is a very important task that any organization should undertake with outmost
considerations. This is because the contract to be awarded the task must be highly skilled and
knowledgeable in a particular field of expertise (Mckeon 2016). This report involves a process of
tendering a construction contract by a group of five highly skilled and innovative group
members. The report involves the pricing of preliminaries and several trades of BOQ. This group
is determined to express all undertakings in this process so as to win this tender. We aim at
satisfying the senior estimator the team is able to undertake the contract. We will prove beyond
any reasonable doubt that this team will provide the best service upon winning the tender. From
experience, the team posses perfect estimating skills, outstanding skills in research and
competent management of the tenders previously awarded by other organizations. Therefore, the
team will better burn the mid night oil so as to come up with great estimates that will optimize
the high chances of winning the tender.
Construction of durable and presentable structure needs a lot of planning and design. A great
need of experts to undertake these functions cannot be assumed. The process of construction is
very involving in both time and finances. Therefore, such a contract requires a lot of zeal, skills,
dedication and will power. The owners of such structures rest their cases to the winner of the
tender. Any mistake done by the contractor concerning the construction will definitely cost the
owner in terms of time and resources. It is therefore very significant to display all the skills and
expectation when negotiating for tenders and even after winning the tender. Lastly, it is
important to note that construction contract involves various sections of construction. This
includes designing doors and windows and their fixing designs, painting, construction of
hydraulics and drainage systems. In addition, installation of electricity and preparation of
exterior elements and designs need to be incorporated in construction process of durable
structures. Finally, it involves a lot of ground works, management and processing of concrete,
masonry, metal work, woodwork, hardware design, roofing and roof plumbing. The important
thing to report at this particular point in time is that, this team has all the skills, knowledge and
expertise they will cut across all those areas of construction. Therefore, once the team is awarded
the tender, all these areas will be done effectively and smoothly.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 5
Part A: Project preliminaries costs.
Section A1.
This particular section involves the critical explanation of the need to identify accurately the
pricing costs in the project preliminaries costs. Actually, through this section, the team is in a
position of maximizing and optimizing the probability of winning the tender. In this section, it is
important to indicate that measurement of Bill of Quantities as indicator of preliminary for
project costs has been granted approval by the Australian Standard Method of Measurement of
Building Works (ASMMBW). In addition, the quantity surveyors and master builders also assert
satisfaction of Bill of Quantities via a stipulation of Australian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
and Master Builder (AIQSMB). Through the Bill of Quantities, the building contract is formed
and all the pricing will be highly based by the term stipulated in this contract.
There are various preliminaries for project costs and their underlying importance of identification
accuracy in the pricing costs and measurements. They include the drawings, ground works,
concrete, masonry, woodwork, metal work, roof and roof plumbing (MacAlevey 2014). To
determine the pricing and measurement in the preliminaries for the project costs, we first
consider drawing and the importance of identifying accurate drawings for building works.
The Bill of Quantity contain drawing schedule that provide the contractor with list of names of
important parties to be involved in drawings. These parties include the principle, the architect,
quantity surveyor, a structural, service and civil engineers. The principle in this task will be
involved in the overseeing the entire process of the drawings. He will offer recommendations of
the entire view of the drawing. Then the architect will be the chief designer of the drawing. He
will design the best building works that will promote the likelihood of winning the tender. The
quantity surveyor will determine the site where the building work will be done. He also test the
soil structure on which these structures will be laid down for safety purposes. Finally, the
structural, service and the civil engineers will be involved in the actual construction of the design
drawing drafted by the architect. They will recommend other adjustments on the architect
drawings so as to achieve the best result regarding this particular building works.
As a team of contractors, we have visited the construction site at 52 Box Road, East Hill (Levy
2011). According to the observations made during the inspection of all existing conditions, the

ESTIMATING MAJOR 6
adjacent and abutting buildings were highly noted. Therefore, the indented building will be
constructed 11 m due east of the existing units based on the approved site plan. Since the work to
be tendered for comprise the construction of two story building which tend to be above GL on
5.20m and a concrete tiled roof that consist of two apartments, then accurate estimates need to be
done at pricing and measurement costs of the preliminaries for the project costs (Knutson 2008).
This is purely important due to several aspects.
There are number of pricing cost that can be identified for this project that will increase the
chances or probability of winning the tender by the management team.
They include; the office paperwork, costs attracted in writing cheques which is currently an
electronic fund transfer, computer costs, administration costs, photocopying, financial cost,
permits, contract as well as plan printing costs (Sears 2008). All these preliminaries pricing costs
are involved and need to be identified accurately for underlying importance.
The importance of estimating and identify accurate pricing costs in the project
preliminaries costs.
The following underlying concrete and significant aspects make it important to accurately
identify the pricing cost in the entire project preliminaries costs.
i. Proper completion time of the project.
Having proper identification of accurate pricing costs of a particular project is of great
significance. This reduces the delays that would arise in project execution process. It is
very dangerous for a contractor to give inaccurate estimates of the pricing cost of project
preliminaries. This omission may compromise the whole project completion time and
may as well disrupt the owner’s financial strategies initially enacted to complete the
given project (Addision 2016). Therefore, it is important for a contractor to provide true,
reliable and accurate estimates that go hand in hand with the identified pricing costs of
the project (Allan 2013). The fact that the tendering process is very competitive, it is
important to quote the accurate pricing costs for proper completion time of the project
rather than giving misleading figures just for the sake of winning the tender. This team
have fully undertaken all measures and estimated the reliable pricing costs for this

ESTIMATING MAJOR 7
project. To the best of my knowledge, I tend to believe that these pricing costs for project
preliminaries are accurate parse.
ii. To ensure the price cost does not go beyond the estimated budget.
This is also very important as far as the pricing costs of a project preliminaries costs are
concerned. It is better to have a surplus budget rather that a budget deficit in any tender
awarded. This management team has put all considerations in this contract. All the
expenses in this building work have been fully up to date. Inaccurate figures in the
budgeting process will led to the closure of the project before completion (Allen 2011).
Again, it is not in order to demand more money from the tendering committee for the
completion of the project yet the problem arose from provision of inaccurate
identification of pricing costs.
iii. To avoid breach of contract. According to the laws of contract, once an offer has been
accepted, the contact deems to exist. Therefore, the fact that a tender has been given to a
particular contactor, there is an offer. Once the contract accepts the tender, then the
contract become valid. Any breach of contract by any party makes the contact voidable
and thus null and void. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify accurate pricing
costs of project preliminaries cost to avoid any implications the can lender the contract
null and void (Barnard 2010). The contract is deem fit once the tendering committee is
satisfied for the work done by the contractor.
iv. To avoid future mistrust by a similar clients offering similar tenders.
This tender lays a base line for a case study. Providing accurate identification of pricing
costs of the project preliminaries costs make a clear base line for future similar tenders. If
these costs tend to be accurate, the clients will have trust in the team and any future
application of similar tenders will be granted based on the grounds of this present tender.
Therefore, the team provides accurate identification of pricing costs bearing in mind that
the future holds for such opportunities (Halpin 2010). Inaccurate identifications will
make tendering committee lose trust on the team not future offer will be granted to the
team. So these identifications are accurate to the best of my knowledge.
Lastly, accurate identification pricing cost will outdo the competitors who are as well
applying for the tender (Bonney 2016). The tendering committee will be in a position to

ESTIMATING MAJOR 8
determine which team posses’ realistic costs concerning a particular project. This
accuracy in cost identification will favor the most accurate team.
Section A2.
This section involves the priced preliminaries bills for the various identified cost-significant
preliminaries items for this project and for winning the tender. Assumptions for the project will
also be formulated. For this project, there exist typical preliminaries items that are very
significant in pricing of a project and in tendering process.
Typical preliminaries item for this project.
The following list of items needs to be involved typically in preliminaries during the pricing of
these particular costs.
Items in site establishment.
 Costs charged for authority.
 De-mobilization and setup.
 Soil testing results.
 Placement of notice board and signboard.
 Photos, recorded documentation and dilapidation surveys.
 Identification of footways, tracks, paths as well as roads.
 Equipment, plant, platforms, scaffold, cranes and lifts and supports.
 Access and safety rails
 Toilets
 Telephone connection, availability of water and connection of temporary power.
 Site survey and set out of the works.
Items in paperwork, permits and insurances.
 Bank guarantee.
 Notices, tests and inspections
 Maintenance of fees, contract, permits and methods used in obtaining them.
Items in running costs.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 9
 First aid kits, telephone charges, water supply and payment of power and services.
 Costs for records, parking, documentation and dilapidation surveys.
 Provision of safety equipment, traffic and hazard management.
 Protection by offering reliable security.
 Roads, road crossing and footways.
 Cleaning and site bins.
 Client meetings and consumables.
Item for handover and final cleaning.
 Cleaner.
 Sites dis-establishment and clear.
 Final clean involving disposal, bins and laborer.
Items in supervision and laborers.
 Clerk of works.
 Training and induction.
 Manager overseeing construction.
 Workers in the site.
 The overall site supervisor.
Items in the overheads and any other related costs.
 Risk and profit.
 Cash flow and finance
 Management and workers attendance
 Defects liabilities.
 Administration and expenses involved during off-site.
The last portion of this section involves priced preliminaries bills for the identified cost
significant preliminaries item that were clearly identified in section A1 of this report.
The following template has been obtained and uploaded in vUWS for this purpose.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 10
A2: Preliminaries Bill
Item Description Amount
($)
Pricing approach with justification
1 Scaffolding
Three layers of nylon mesh, erection,
dismantling, delivery and pick-up $25,900.00
Area to be covered around the
building (2m above roof level) as
taken off from the site plans was
518m2. As per the quote received
by the tender company, it costs $50
per m2 to provide 4 layers of nylon
mesh delivery, erection,
dismantling and pick-up. Hence,
518x50= $25,900.00
2 Painting.
Painting of two storey building in the
roof and inside finishing.
$6,000
Area to be covered by roof
indicates the amount of paint to be
used. 4 litres container cover
100m2. As per the quote received
by the tender company, it costs $60
per m2 to provide cover the roof.
Hence, 100 x60 = $6,000
3 Office paperwork.
The paper work need to be prepared
so as to indicate all the functionality
of the document. Record and photos $17,500
The total volume to the paperwork
is estimated to be 700 units. Based
on the quote received from
tendering company, each unit will
cost $25.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 11
need to be prepared. Hence, 700×25 = $17,500
4 Administration costs
This cost involves the payment if
bills for all office work. Water and
electricity and other office expenses.
They need to be paid prior to three
months.
$3,600
The payment per month is
indicated to be $1200 according to
the quotation provide by the
tendering company.
Hence, 1,200×3 = $3,600
5 Roofing
The building is estimated to consume
300 units of roofing materials.
$330,000
According to the quotation
provided by the company, each
unit will cost $1,100.
Hence, 1,100×300 = $330,000
6 Payment wages and salaries.
There are 27 workers on board at the
construction site.
$202,500
Each worker will be paid $250 per
day. Payment will be paid monthly
as per the quote provided by the
company.
Hence, 250×30×27 = $202,500
The above preliminaries bill indicates the pricing cost which is very favorable. This pricing cost
will increase the probability of winning the contract.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 12
Part B. priced Bills of Quantities (BQ) for the selected trades using Build software.
Section B1
From the five options provided in the Bills of Quantities (BoQ), this particular section involves
selecting one option that will be discussed into details relating pricing items of the selected trade
with an aim of deriving a trade summary.
Therefore, this section will use the Build software tool to critically analyze the option selected in
indicating the trade to price (Graziosi 2017). From the general conclusion, the option of choice
from the given list is option number 4 which lead; roofing and roof plumbing full section. This is
a very crucial section of any construction. Typically, it displays the entire structure under
construction.
To price the roofing and roof plumbing option, the team aim at applying the bill of quantities as
indicated below.
Ite
m
1.0
1.1
DESCRIPTION
Roofing and roof plumbing.
General.
Rates must involve the following; nails, screws,
circular edges, turning into grooves, dressing
over angled fillets, fair edges, all other labor
and other fixings as well as laps.
Roof covering.
Roofing sheets.
This involves lysaught roofing sheet. Rates will
include all fixtures and must be fixed as per
instructions provided by the manufacturer.
Calculated in M2.
UNIT
M2
QTY
20
RATE
250
TOTAL
5,000

ESTIMATING MAJOR 13
1.2
1.3
1.4
Capping and flashing.
300mm girth ridge capping that have to be
fixed as per manufacturer’s instructions. To be
calculated in M.
Downpipes and gutters.
Gutter.
250 × 250 mm lysaught gutter. Rates involved
include framing, clips, brackets, supports, stop
ends, down pipes outlets as well as fixing along
with fastening. To be calculated in M.
200 mm dia. Downpipes to include clips,
brackets and straps. Calculated in M.
Insulations.
Rock wool insulations.
This is done by use of aluminum foil on both
sides. Rates include nails, mesh wire as well as
relevant fixtures. To be calculated in M.
Ordering materials and procurement. This will
involve the installation of 400g/m2 geotextile.
This will be fixed between the flat roof and
membrane on TPO. To be calculated per M2.
Material procurement and flat roofs covering
with 2.5 mm TPO membrane. This particular
membrane shall be placed on top of geotextile.
The geotextile will be calculated together with
plastic sheet metal welded strip. Calculated per
M
M
M
M
M2
M2
12
11
3
8
23
20
300
780
500
54
67
430
3,600
8,580
1,500
432
1,541
8,600

ESTIMATING MAJOR 14
1.5
1.6
1.7
m2.
Material procurement together with
circumference of the chimney on the roof. This
will apply the TPO membrane that should be
fixed on vertical surfaces. The TPO membrane
should be fixed on the top of the chimney after
raising 50 cm above the roof. These materials
will be used as instructed by the manufacturer.
To be calculated in m.
Material procurement and mounting. This
involves standard plastic sheet strip that is
applied to weld TPO membranes at roof edge
apron flashing. The price involved will include
adhesives as indicated by the manufacturer.
Calculated per m of mounted strips.
Materials procurement as well as mounting of
slip for TPO membrane fixed at flat roof
(Nickels 2015). The walkway width shall be 2m
and need to be welded onto the TPO membrane.
The rate shall include materials relevant as well
as labor for high quality fixation between the
TPO membrane and the strip. This will be done
according to manufacturer’s instructions.
Calculated per m.
TOTAL PRICING FOR ROOFING AND
ROOF PLUMBING.
M
M
M
21
12
21
32
70
800
672
840
16,800
46,024

ESTIMATING MAJOR 15
From the above developed priced bill of quantity for roofing and roof plumbing option, the
construction company involved will be able to analyze the materials necessary using the unit rate
pricing provided above. Build soft program has been used to generate the above bill of quantity
for roofing and roof plumbing option. The trade break up above is attained when the required $
46,024 is put into consideration to oversee the entire construction of the option involved in the
bill of exchange.
Section B2.
This last section involves cost significant items and how they build up the unit rates in materials,
labor and plant breakdown by rate break-up.
From the bill of quantity generated above from build soft program, the rate breakups can be built
up to the unit rates. In that connection, there are five different cost significant items that can be
selected in the option of roofing and roof plumbing (Lambsdorff 2011). These cost significant
items will relate to material, labor, plant breakdown by first principles. By utilizing the first
principle pricing model, we are able to review costs, consideration of various alternatives in costs
as well as reviewing builders’ variations in particular. This will as well involve estimating,
costing, and pricing by application of first principle (Russel 2012). The entire process of building
up prices, rates for an item indicated in the build soft bill of exchange will bring a clear picture of
rate breakups. This will helps us to consider all activities required to put the option of roofing
and roof plumbing altogether.
There are five cost significant items that can be analyzed by use of first principle as asserted
below.
1. Material cost.
There are various costs associated to material. First is material supply. The cost of supply
for all required materials must be included in the bill of quantity so as to ascertain all cost
need. Another aspect of material is the quantity required to roofing and roof plumbing. It

ESTIMATING MAJOR 16
is attributed to equitable rates per unit. Again, we consider waste. In any construction, not
all materials end up being consumed (Oktorizal 2012). Some become waste in the
process. Finally, material delivery is yet another important aspect to be considered in
material cost.
2. Labor costs.
In this cost significant item, there are other aspects associated to it in the process of
attaining a unit rate. By first principle, we look at labor charge-out rates and costs (Taylor
2011). This involves the rate breakup per single worker in roofing and roof plumbing.
Again, it will include the production time that each worker will be allocated per day.
There should be uniformity in determining the rate to be allocated per worker. This will
help in indicating the unit cost in the desired time allocated to the worker (Ure 2009). In
addition, it is important to consider non-productive labor. This should not be priced in the
bill of quantity since not progress in roofing and roof plumbing is associated to it.
Finally, we consider labor constants. There are some workers whose work remain
consistent (Watanabe 2010). The unit rate priced for such a worker should remain
constant until the construction come to completion.
3. Plant cost.
Typically, this refers to equipment, scaffold and machinery that have been owned or
hired by a construction company (Dodds 2014). It is important to note that items of plants
reflect certain costs of their own so as to maintain as well as to run smoothly. This would
include capital cost and finance, wear and tear, depreciation of equipment and machinery,
replacement, servicing and repairs.
4. Overhead costs and profits.
This involves all the on-site as well as off-site costs involved in roofing and roof
plumbing option (Daft 2015). This will closely relate to incidentals, finances as well as
administration costs. The concept of profit here will involve the risk of uncertainty.
5. Sundries and fixings.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 17
This is our last cost significant item to be considered. This specifically involves items of
low value such as glue, nails and other small tools. Although they are minor, they are cost
worth as well. They must be considered when establishing a unit rate for a given piece of
work.
Finally, to build up a unit rate in every cost significant item mention above, it is
important to note that all cost are relevant in this particular option however small they
may be (Basem 2014). This ensures the whole pricing process fully coincide with all the
requirement that are included in the tender price (Cole 2011). Any other cost that occur in
these areas need to be adjusted accordingly so as to meet the accurate pricing of
necessary items.
There is a need of cost break up for each of the above cost significant items.
Material costs.
1. 45 mpa
concrete for
roof plumbing.
2. 300 mm STD
concrete blocks
to support the
roof.
3. Roofing sheet
200mm.
4. Reinforcing
steel wire
mesh.
Cordell commercial and industrial building
cost guide.
Ready mixed concrete 45 mpa
300mm×300mm×600mm hollow block.
200mm×200mm roofing sheets.
Sl81 square mesh.
Unit
M3
No
M2
M2
Price
300
670
600
43

ESTIMATING MAJOR 18
Labor costs.
1. Plumber for
roof
plumbing
and fixing.
2. Roofing
constructor.
Cordell commercial and industrial
building cost guide.
Experienced in roof plumbing.
Recommended by roofing construction
company.
Unit
5 plumbers.
3 constructors
Price
300×5
=1,500
300×3= 900
Plant cost.
1. Concrete
mixture
machine.
Cordell commercial and industrial
building cost guide.
Ability to mix 200 tonnes of concrete for
roof plumbing.
Unit
t
Price
3,000
Overhead costs.
1. Transport of
200mm
roofing sheet
to the site.
Cordell commercial and industrial
building cost guide.
200mm×200mm roofing sheets.
Unit
M2
Price
230

ESTIMATING MAJOR 19
Sundries and
fixings costs.
1. 5kg of
roofing nails.
Cordell commercial and industrial
building cost guide.
6 inches 5kg roofing nails.
Unit
inch
Price
20×5= 100
Below here we attach some screen shots of bill of quantities done via build soft program
so as ascertain the above claims.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 20
Conclusion.
In conclusion, it is important to state that the process of obtaining tenders needs to be highly
redefined so as to make sure the best contractor win the tender on the basis of items presented in
the tender. This report critically analyzes the various aspects enumerated by my management
time trying to negotiate ideologies in construction contracts (Donald 2011). This field is very
important in the development of infrastructure. Another aspect that needs to be appreciated in
building sector is the various technological advancements in building tools software. There have
made building work less costly, less time consuming and more so production of unique designs
and models in the construction world. If the team wins this tender, there is a high probability that
such tools will be incorporated in achieving the most recent models. Another important aspect as
far as this tender is concerned is Bill of Quantity proposed in units7&8 East Hill (Yao 2012). The
contents and recommendations asserted cannot be ignored in implementation of this tender
altogether.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 21
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Gleick, J 2008, Chaos, Penguin Book.
Graziosi, D 2017, Millionnaire Success Habits, Dean Graziosi Publishers.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 22
Halpin, DW 2010, Construction Management, Wiley Publishers.
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Taylor, WC 2011, History of Factory System, Richard Benley London.

ESTIMATING MAJOR 23
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