The Proposed Constructing Structure
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Added on 2020-02-05
The Proposed Constructing Structure
Added on 2020-02-05
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Student Name[Pick the date]Building Structures and MaterialsA Brief Analysis of Soil for all Three Zones
Contents1. Zone 1...............................................................................................21.1 Ease of digging:.............................................................................21.1.1 Associated cost:.......................................................................21.2 Ground stability:............................................................................21.3 Retaining walls constructability, effectiveness and level differences31.4 Managing risk of landslides and rock falls:......................................31.5 Footings:.......................................................................................41.5.1 Stiffened Raft Footings:............................................................41.5.2 Slab Footing:...........................................................................52. Zone 2:..............................................................................................52.1 Ease of Digging and associated Cost:..............................................52.2 Ground stability:............................................................................62.3 Managing Level Differences, construction and effectiveness of Retaining Walls...................................................................................62.4 Managing risk of Landslides and Rock falls......................................62.5 Footing Selection:..........................................................................62.5.1 Stiffened Raft footing:..............................................................62.5.2 Stiffened slab with deep edge beam footing:.............................73. Zone 3:..............................................................................................83.1 Ease of digging and associated cost:..............................................83.2 Ground Stability:...........................................................................83.3 Managing Level Differences and Retaining Walls.............................93.4 Constructability and Effectiveness of retaining walls:......................93.5 Managing risk of landslides and rock falls:......................................93.6 Footing Selection:..........................................................................93.6.1 Stiffened Raft footing:..............................................................93.6.2 Waffle Rafts:..........................................................................104. Tabular comparison between Zone1, Zone2 and Zone 3......................115. List of References:...........................................................................12
BUILDING STRUCTURE AND MATERIALSASSIGNMENT 21. Zone 11.1 Ease of digging:As described zone 1 is a shallow valley and includes creek lines. There is also vegetation near northern boundary and ground is swampy there throughout the year. On the basis of dig holes zone 1 is classified as sandy soil with some clay layers and few gravel lenses. The sandy soils arerelatively easy to dig as compared to silty or clayey soil. Sand particles are very much larger in size than silt and clay particle that’s why the gap between sand particles is larger too. There is nocohesion between sand particles that why they are easy to dig.[ CITATION ftp \l 1033 ]1.1.1 Associated cost:The associated cost of excavation or digging is dependent on the total area to be excavated. Larger the area to be excavated larger will be the cost. The area of the cut shown in the figure can be calculated byArea= h(2b + nh)If we consider the cost of the same areabut for different type of soils then theassociated cost with sandy soil will be lessas they are easy to dig as compared to siltand clayey soils.1.2 Ground stability:The ground movement or ground stability is dependent upon the physical properties and environmental conditions like watering, climate and vegetation of soil. In zone 1 there is vegetation at northern boundary and the site conditions are swampy there, that’s why for lighter structure there might be ground movement and light structure can be destructive there. On the basis of test pits Zone 1 is classified as sandy soil with some clay layers and gravel lenses. According to standard AS 2870 if out site is class A then there would be 0 to 10 mm movement but if our soil lies in class S then there would be 0 to 20 mm movement from moisture changes.
1.3 Retaining walls constructability, effectiveness and level differencesSandy soils are considered as best for using as a retaining material. In our case sandy soil is having vegetation at some places which will act as reinforcement of sandy soil. Sandy soils allow drainage in an effective way.A great observation regarding site elevation and grade changes are required to determine the height of wall. To determine wall height a best practice is considered as “Start from the lowest point and mark your grade changes in 1ft increment in plan”In construction of retaining wall, first we have to decide about the placement of wall so we can determine that how much site we need to place or remove.When we cut site then it should be kept in mind that how should we utilize the excess soilin an effective way.1.4 Managing risk of landslides and rock falls:Fine sedimentary sands and loesses are at risk to crumple when firmly inundated [e.g. by more prominent than typical rainfall], or when subjected to solid seismic vibrations, or even a vibrating roller. Subsequently, in that capacity materials are regular in Australia and abroad, it is imperative to check the thickness and grain measure dissemination of the dirt, especially where layers or pockets of fine sand and/or residue happen. The dangers postured to building works by rockfall needs to date not been usually perceived; nonetheless, the as of late expanded inclination to arrange/develop building works near bluff lines and inside neglected quarry ranges has now made it important to truly consider the danger of rock fall. The dangers emerge from the likelihood of a stone tumbling from over the site onto the proposed constructing structure, or from a rock fall underneath the site expelling a portion of the support to the building balance framework. [ CITATION ftp1 \l 1033 ]
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