The Role of Public Health in Health and Social Care (Docs)

The Role of Public
Health in Health and
Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Role of different agencies.....................................................................................................1
1.2 Explain,epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease that is widespread
in their own country....................................................................................................................2
1.3 Effectiveness of various approaches and strategies .............................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Use relevant research to examine current priorities and approaches to provision of services
.....................................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Relationship between prevalence of disease and requirements of services .........................7
2.3 Impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care services .....8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Health and well-being priorities for individuals in a particular health or social care setting
.....................................................................................................................................................8
3.2 Importance of strategies, system, policies in health and social care ....................................9
3.3 Discuss changes that can be adopt to enhance the health and well-being of individuals . .10
3.4 Analyse an activity that can implement to encourage behaviour change ..........................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
The term public health mainly centring over safety and protection of health from various
diseases of whole population of nation rather than individual well being. As the time passes,
every manpower or societies are becoming very aware regarding their physical fitness and health
which directly influence over government and organisation decision making process. Hence,
public health is regarded as science and art of promoting and preventing health, well-being,
protecting ill wellness and prolonging life through the organised effort of society (Braveman and
Gottlieb, 2014). Moreover, there are various agencies and authorities who takes an initiative in
improving the life standard of particular community by providing needful resources. However,
health and social care services plays a vital role in public health as they provide effective
treatment of ill welfare and medication through hospitals, health centres and within community.
In this study, it includes different role of various agencies and identifying epidemiology of
infectious and non infectious diseases. Furthermore, application of suitable approaches,
determining present priorities and its effect on upcoming needs of health and social care services.
Finally, effectiveness of policies, system in health and social care as well as suggesting
appropriate modification which health care services can imply within their functional areas.
TASK 1
1.1 Role of different agencies
In every form of industry, the health of public becomes a important aspect as it lead an
individual to provide their best contribution towards an accomplish of organisation goal or
objective in an effective manner without any obstacle. Moreover, in UK market there are various
agencies who makes an attempt to analyse the society issues related to health and according to
that they make best strategic decisions or implement various policies or treatment that help them
to bring higher level of satisfaction in a better mode. However, there are several agencies in UK
market who differs from each other in terms of policies, rules, strategies with an aim of tackling
the patients facing health related problems. Some of them are as follows:
Local agency: In local public health agencies they contains basic and most difficult role
within the sector of health and social care services. This is because they mainly act as front line
staff who are obliged to render the services directly to people of particular community. Along
with this, social services at local level also emphasize on providing accommodation facilities to

those residents who are not able to afford due to peculiar reasons. For example, Greater Medical
Council who works for enhancing the well being of society by delivering education and medical
treatment in a effective style within UK. Furthermore, they also set standard for doctors and also
render suitable training and development program for doctors ans well as medical students.
National agency:Under this, National Health Service(NHS) has been considered which is
headquartered at UK and operate its service across the England. The primal service which NHS
provide is that it does not charge any kind of fees from citizens as they believe in decreasing the
issue of health inequalities among country. Moreover, NHS is a patient based organisation as
they deliver list of services to patients but the final decision is implemented after consulting with
particular patient which help them to improve their performance in an amended way.
International agency: In this category, World Health Organisation (WHO) has been
regarded who not only offer services to citizens but also monitor or help private organisation that
are working for the same purpose. Additionally, WHO develops the investigation system which
lead them to examine health and diseases containing within community as well as they aloes
involves research laboratories and health centres from local, national and territorial division level
(Beard and Bloom, 2015). WHO become more active during calamities, natural disasters and etc.
by offering appropriate requirements like food, clothing, shelter for enriching lifestyle of
community.
1.2 Explain,epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease that is widespread in
their own country
Epidemiology is the study of medicines, pattern, causes for several which occur in
particular community or society. With the help of this study, it enable an organisation in
gathering the data of targeted population, monitor them as well as take corrective course of
action in order to improve the health state of an individual. In addition to this, it is also done on
infectious and non- infectious diseases. However, in aspect of infectious disease it is regraded as
those which can be communicable that means it can be communicated with any infectious agent ,
on the other hand, non-infectious disease are those which is caused or inherited from prior
generations. Hence, as per the recent study within UK, scholars has come across with several
diseases that is widespread over the nation which is explained below:
Infectious disease: Food Borne disease
Microbes transmitted: campylobacter, salmonella and so on

Carrier: Food products
This disease take place due to intake of contaminated food and unhygienic food habits as
its microbes enters into body and begin to grow if it find favourable environment for their
enhancement. However, not every microbes cause harm for body but there are hazardous
microbes which led into illness and disease.
Epidemiology of Food Borne diseases
Geographical distribution: In the region of UK, food borne disease is very common issue as
millions of people are suffering from the same cause. Generally, FBD occurs at mild level which
can be cured by taking proper antibiotic medication but some cases goes to severe condition for
which it require long term treatment (Butler-Ajibade, and Burwell, 2012). Moreover, mainly
FBD cause due to consumption of fish, meat and dairy products as these items generate most
favourable environment for microbes to multiply. Hence, people of all ages and both sexes are
vulnerable to FBD among UK by majorly children are getting effect from this same. Along with
this, FBD is manly happen because of less immune system which lead an individual to get trap of
pathogen attack. Hence, the below table shows the number of individuals who suffered from
Food Borne Disease per year:
Condition Region Estimated number of affected people(2001-2011)
Primary immunodeficiency UK 5000
Rheumatoid arthritis UK 20,000 new cases per year
Crohn's disease UK 60,000-80,000 (4000 new cases per year)
Cirrhosis UK >4000 deaths per year
Ulcerative colitis UK 120,000-160,000

Non- infectious disease: Obesity
This illness occurs due to overweight of a body i.e. accretion of fat over body more than
an normal level. However, it is ascertained that if a body index mass of a person's body is more
than or equal to 30 which refer as obese. Hence, obesity leads to diabetes, weakening of bones
and so on.
Epidemiology of Obesity
Incidents rates:In UK, the percentage of obesity among men raises from 0.2% to 1.8%
1993 to 2010 whereas women are regraded as most suffered group as it increases from 1.4% to
3.6% in the same year (Riekert, Ockene and Pbert, 2013).
Causes: There are various reason due to which obesity increases i.e. genetic defects, imbalanced
diet, intake of drugs, changes in lifestyle and many more. Furthermore, in UK the most
vulnerable group who suffered due to obesity are children below the age of 16.

1.3 Effectiveness of various approaches and strategies
In health and social care service, there are enormous types of strategies or approaches
which help organisation to govern and control the relative incidence of diseases within
community. However, some of the approaches which has been identified for strengthening the
health state of an individuals are as follows:
Screening: This strategy refers to those in which doctor prefer for medical testing
without identifying the symptoms of particular illness (Ricciardi and et. al., 2013). The primal
benefit which personnel acquires from this strategy is that they easily analyse their disease before
the occurrence which lead them to cope up with it very effectively. Moreover, screening can be

take place by two ways i.e. universal and case finding that enable a person to take proper
precaution at the initial stage of disease.
Surveillance: Under this approach, it is relate with those in which health care providers
monitors the environment or atmosphere and provide prior awareness regarding upcoming
illness. Additionally, it is act as tool as it enable health care service to analyse the particular
patients and according to that they make an effort to develop various health programs for
generating hygienic and safe well being condition (Baral and et. al., 2013).
Immunisation: It is relates with those technique in which a person acquires appropriate
vaccination that assist them to strengthen their immune system as well as can fight against every
illness in a easy manner.
M1 Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solution
Henceforth, among the various strategies surveillance approach is considered as most
effective as it help health and social care service to generate hygienic environment and also to
take suitable precaution for making a person healthy and fit.
TASK 2
2.1 Use relevant research to examine current priorities and approaches to provision of services
As per the recent evaluation, it has been determined that there are various chronic disease
like cancer, obesity, diabetes, CVC and etc. which needs to be decreased in a prior stage. This is
because, it help health and social care service to take corrective course of action in controlling
the spread of diseases further. However, one of the major illness which is increasing rapidly
among UK population is HIV (Hatzenbuehler, Phelan and Link, 2013). Thus, UK health and
social care service should mainly emphasise on protecting and safeguarding the grieved
individuals form HIV. Some of the prevention measures that must be followed and it is
categorised into different steps that is mentioned below:
Primary prevention: This stage is called as initial step in which health and social care
services educate the population regarding disease and its effect over body. In relation to UK,
they made a attempt to protect HIV by implication of two programs such as CHAPS and NAHIP.
IN terms of CHAPS it is developed to protect transmission of HIV while NAHIP designed for
African community in England.

Secondary prevention: Under this phase, they mainly concern with screening and
detecting pathogens which act as a main cause for HIV disease. IN relation to this, NHS
developed a health care programs in which they test the blood of pregnant women. This is
because if a women found infected with HIV virus then they provide proper medication so that
she can prevent the illness from getting transfer to their offspring. Some of the technique are post
exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in which it treat HIV in 72 hours of infection.
Territory prevention: It is considered as last stage which is wholly concerned for
providing proper treatment for chronic diseases. Under this palliative care is render to patients as
it a type of care to improve medical and emotional care. IN context of UK, NHS adopts the same
care for preventing the cause of HIV and cancer. For giving effective service, NHS trained its
staff so that they can easily controlled the illness (Kirst and et. al., 2012).
2.2 Relationship between prevalence of disease and requirements of services
Prevalence of disease is refers to the proportion among total population who are effected
by any particular disease. Moreover, prevalence enable health and social care service to gather
the data regarding the number of persons that are undergoes with peculiar illness form the total
number of population. Along with this, such adoption enable various service providers to make
preventive measures and action in order to give suitable solution in a proper time frame. IN
addition to this, it assist each individuals to take determine their own health needs that lead them
to make appropriate steps for enhancing the same in a better manner (Cesari And et. al., 2016).
Furthermore, various epidemiological tools enable health and social care providers to reach those
persons who are suffering from serious and major illness as well as it empower them to make
best measures for enriching the individual health condition. For example, if a personnels of
health care service contains the relevant knowledge or information regarding the root cause of
particular illness and also comprise the data regarding the area where population are more
inclined to disease. This is because, it help health and social care service to give best medication
facilities to the targeted location in an improved mode.
In addition to this, acquiring the data about spreading diseases help UK health and social
care service to develop reliable programs as well as encourage them to give suitable education
or information to desired population that controls the rising situation of particular illness. Apart
from this, it enable health and social care service to allocate the resources in a proper manner that

lead them to reach population and also to take best step for improving the health condition of a n
individuals. For eaxmple, if a geographical region expects an increased number of Lyme disease
has to occur, then during such situation they allocate required resources for particular location
for their early treatment in a amended way.
2.3 Impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care services
In existing scenario of population lifestyle, there are various factors which directly
impact over their physical health like eating habits, intake of substance, exercising, work culture,
drugs, harmful component and so on. In regard of UK, there are two main illness which is
highlighting in current lifestyle of people i.e. obesity and intake of drugs.
Obesity: The primal reason behind this cause is eating habits of hygienic food which leads a
personnel to gain more weight than a body can handle (Boulware, And et. al., 2016). As per the
latest survey report, it has been analysed that percentage of obese person is being raised by 13%
in men and 10% in women from the year of 1993 to 2010. From this evaluation, it has been
suggested that if every person marination their body weight at normal level then they easily
overcome over obesity in a amended way. Some of the reason behind increasing the ratio of
obesity people are given below:
Poor diet: Among UK population, people tend to consume more hygienic food i.e. fast
food which results in increase of calories that leads to obesity.
Lack of physical activity: In present lifestyle of UK people, physical exercise is being
decreasing in the Schedule of daily routine. Due to this, person develop more fat on their body
and it cause obesity (Rechel and et. al., 2013).
Smoking: It is the another factor which is becoming a trend among adult of UK
populations. AS per the data, it has been identified that 80,000 people die due to smoking habit.
Therefore, UK government must take an effort to introduce social health club and provide
accurate education or awareness program which encourage individuals to tackle over their
smoking habits in a better manner.
TASK 3
3.1 Health and well-being priorities for individuals in a particular health or social care setting
In every person lifestyle, a healthy well being is considered as an basic requirement
which they can acquired from hygienic surroundings and healthy diet. Moreover, well-being of a

personnel is categorised into social, physical, environmental, economical etc. Therefore, well
being is interrelated to health as a manpower accomplish best well-being only by healthy, happy
and satisfied surroundings where they accommodate themselves. However, many people face
different type of diseases which concludes their state of well being. Hence, some of the factors
which influence both well being and health of an individual are mentioned below:
Physical health: This component is refer to a capability of an individual to perform their
daily routine of work in a trenchant manner. This is because, if a person physical condition is fit
and healthy then they can perform their all task in a very energetic and active manner. Moreover,
they can overcome over various current or emerging illness in a improved way (Betancourt And
et. al., 2016).
Mental health: This phase is encompasses with those state in which a personnel mental
situation sound good and positive. If a person remains in stress, anxiety, worries, depression then
it lead them to mental ill which may impose various harmful issues over brain.
Social health: It is occurred because of poor or bad social environment. Moreover, being
socially fit means keeping themselves positive and energetic within community which help them
to fight against every sort of diseases in a better manner.
3.2 Importance of strategies, system, policies in health and social care
In context of UK, its health and social are service are always come up with different
strategies or policies in order to generate a healthy and hygienic community in an amended way.
For example, in case of HIV, UK government introduced various programmes like CHAPS and
NAHIP for educating and developing awareness among society regarding illness and also to stay
fit and healthy. Some of the effectiveness has been analysed which is explained below:
Social care services and information: This service are those which is delivered by health
and social care service systems. Hence, these system provide health acre at home, appropriate
equipments, financial support to patient and etc. that enable population to strengthen their life
standard in a improved style (Nabi, Prestin and So, 2013).
Policies of Care UK care home: IN UK, care homes are regraded as most efficient
service providers as they believes in work as per the requirement of government laws related to
health and safety programs. The foremost facility which care home offer is that they give the
opportunity to patient in giving their reviews over experience that assist an organisations to
enhance their service in a better manner and can gain increased level of satisfaction.

Right of patients: Under this system, it encompasses different legislation and laws
related to patient like Equality Act, 2010, Data protection Act.1998, and so on. Moreover, UK
health and social care service contains organised or structured procedures for filing a compliant
if patient feels any type of harm during the service.
3.3 Discuss changes that can be adopt to enhance the health and well-being of individuals
There are various modification which UK health and social care can implies within their
business operation and functions in an improved mode. Some of them are as follows:
 Application of suitable policies and strategies for enhancing the health condition of
adults as well as children. As they can provide relevant education and awareness
program to population in order to improve their living condition.
 UK care homes can involve more participation from targeted population so that they
can suggest relevant suggestions that help them to enrich their overall performance in
an effective and efficient manner (Poteat, German and Kerrigan, 2013).
3.4 Analyse an activity that can implement to encourage behaviour change
One of the effective activity which empower individual behaviour change is physical
exercise. AS this activity help a person to stay fit and healthy as well as can perform their duties
in a active manner. Along with this, they can cope up with every sort of diseases in a effectual
way and also can control their body weight. With the help of physical exercise, each person can
tackle over obesity issues and also can stay fit physically, mentally and emotionally.
Furthermore, health social clubs encourage all age group person to perform exercise in a
efficacious mode.
CONCLUSION
It has been summarised form the above report that the foremost intent of public health is
to identify each individual illness or physical issues and based on that adopting appropriate step
through medical facilities, treatment and so on. Due to this, it enable them to provide better
wellness condition and also empower health and social care services to enrich the living standard
in a better manner. Moreover, various agencies makes an attempt to impose different policies,
strategies in order to enable every personnel or community to overcome over increasing death
ratio in an improved way. Additionally, in existing business environment, every communities
lifestyle choices has been changed which largely influence over health and social care services in

acquiring increased level of satisfaction and improvement. Therefore, there are various policies,
strategies which has been adopted by health and social care services to tackle over such issues in
an improved mode without any hindrances.

REFERENCES
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