Role of Public Health

This report explores the role of public health in health and social care, focusing on the UK. It examines the responsibilities of different agencies in identifying and controlling diseases like flu and diabetes, analyzes the impact of current lifestyles on future health needs, and explores strategies for behavior change to promote individual well-being.

The role of public health in health
and social care

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Roles of different agencies in identify level of health and disease..................................1
1. 2. Explaining incidence and spread of infectious and non infectious disease in UK.........2
1.3 Strategies to control disease in communities Flu strategy and effectiveness................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................4
2.1 What are current priorities and approaches to provision service for people with disease4
2.2 Relationship between prevalence of disease and requirement of service to support
individuals..............................................................................................................................6
2.3 Impact of current life style on future needs of health and social care..............................7
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Fact sheet on health and wellbeing priorities of an individual.........................................8
3.1 Fact sheet on health and wellbeing priorities of an individual.........................................9
3.2 Health care policies, system, and approach in UK.........................................................10
3.3 Changes to improve individual health and well being...................................................10
3.4 Behavior change.............................................................................................................11
3.4 Behavior change.............................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Public health define their care and focus on health and social aid activities that make
them people fit. These agencies in society throughout the UK are responsible for assessing,
protecting and assuring individual and community environmental wellness. The main motive of
health care institutes is to help people who suffer with many problems. The present report will
explain roles of various agencies in identify disease in communities (Torchia, Calabrò and
Morner, 2015). In this report also measures the effectiveness of approaches and strategies for
control disease impacts in communities. Furthermore, this study determines the current
approaches and priorities to provision of facilities for people with illness or disease. This report
also clarify such activities that place for encouraging people about well being.
LO 1
1.1 Roles of different agencies in identify level of health and disease
 Local Authority: Local authority dealing with health covering incidents and out break
the emergencies. They organize public health events and their aspects of promotion of
community safety, prevention and violence. They make effort for reducing public health
and social care issues impacts on environment that is one of the biggest risk. Local
government Act 2000 is Parliament Act of UK that directly connect with the local
authorities in Wales and England. Their responsibility is to help local population and
aware them about welfare things. They provide health care services and facilities for
maintaining peace and healthy environment at the area. Local authority make their
decision on the base of overall beliefs and many financial deliberations and power of
legislation. They play their role in housing, public health, library etc. they give their
proper support for accomplish goals. Monitoring and Planning, law making and service
delivery, implementation, support and representation are the function of the council. They
aware people about Flu that is a kind of virus related with the pollution which affect
airways and lungs. It directly impacts on population health and make them feel miserable.
Thus, for resolving this issue Local authority aware people by events or by arrange
seminars. They identify flu by their symptoms like headache, cough and fever that make
people weak.
 National Authority: National authority plays different role in analysing health condition
of community members by using many techniques or methods. Cancer search offer
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guidance to health and social care institutes that aware them about flu and diabetes and
how to safe life's regarding it. National authority organizes health aware events that give
information to people regarding safety and well being facilities which has to be follow by
every one. International Authority: International authority include many agencies such as
WHO who help to aware people about Flu and diabetes. WHO is a UK agency that is
governed by the government with the objective of making health. They give effective
services by monitoring and addressing health situations and trends around the public in
the worldwide.
1. 2. Explaining incidence and spread of infectious and non infectious disease in UK
1. 2. Explaining incidence and spread of infectious and non infectious disease in UK
Infectious Disease Non-Infectious Disease
Infectious diseases are those which are
transmitted from one person to other. The
disease can be serious and life taking. Flu is an
infectious disease which is caused by influenza
virus. There are different types of flu such as
type A, type B, type C and type D.
The disease is transmitted through air
when a person suffering from influenza
sneezes, throat coughs and people in the
surrounding breathe may breathe in the
infected bacteria. However, it does not spread
through sharing food, shaking hands with
diseased person. The disease can result into
severe complications such as pneumonia, sinus
infections, asthma or even heart failure. It can
be prevent through frequent hand wash,
surgical mask, flu vaccine.
Symptoms of this disease are:
Non infectious diseases that are not contagious
in nature and which do not get transmitted
from one person to other. Diabetes is one of the
most common non infectious in United
Kingdom. It is a disease that destroys person's
ability of process the glucose in the body. It is
popularly known as blood sugar. It can affect
people of any age from children to senior
citizens but very often it develops after
attaining the age of 40 years. Diabetes have
different types such as Type 1 where body of
person stops producing insulin. Other is type 2
diabetes where body does not effectively
response to insulin production process.
Prevention and medication: The disease
can be controlled through regular exercise and
proper diet. It can be treated by taking insulin
injections, anti biotic medicines like
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 Fever
 cough
 headache
 fatigue
Facts: Flu caused almost three times
deaths in UK in the year 2017-18.
 London has the highest percentage of
flu patients in the western Europe.
 Removing Flu epidemic by 2030 is one
of the main sustainable development
goal around the world.
metformin.
Symptoms of this disease are:Frequent
urination in a person.
 a person's hunger increases
 Thirst increases.
 Causes of this disease:
 Obesity
 Lack of regular exercise
 Genetic
 Running throughout the Family
About more than 1.5 to 2 million
people dies every sue to the complications in
this disease. This has rung the alarming clock
for the nations to encourage people to follow
nutritious diet and promote exercise culture so
hat type 2 diabetes can be avoided.
1.3 Strategies to control disease in communities Flu strategy and effectiveness
The best strategies to prevent influenza are staying away from sick people. Avoiding
close contact with infected people will help in prevention the disease in the community. Using
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surgical mask in the crowded area. Covering mouth and nose while traveling in the crowded
areas. This strategy is also useful in avoiding other respiratory problems such as inhaling
polluting air, toxic particles etc. These strategies are very effective in case of contagious diseases
because sneezing and throat cough spread infectious particles in the air which others
unintentionally breathes in. This cause an epidemic situation in the community but following
these strategies helps in staying away from the influenza.Diabetes strategy and effectiveness
Ministry of health of the country is making every effort to encourage people to follow
nutritious diet. It also encouraging the citizens of UK to follow regular workout routine amongst
the older people so that type 2 diabetes can be avoided. Proper diagnosis and right medicines can
help in controlling the disease. World Heath Organization has realised the dangerous effects of
the diabetes have advised nations to provide proper care and knowledge about the causes of
diseases amongst its citizens.
This strategy is much effective than the other one which support in each and every areas of the
world. The effectiveness of this method is reflected in the environment of health and safe
organization places.
LO 2
2.1 What are current priorities and approaches to provision service for people with disease
Being a part of local Clinical Commission Group, my report will focus on Medway
Council. It is present in Kent from where I belong. The most common and widespread disease in
Medway is Diabetes, an illness where ability of a person to process the glucose stops or gets
negatively affected. An example is type 1, this is caused by obesity, genetics and lack of regular
exercise and type 2 diabetes which is caused by genetic disorders. For my report, I will conduct a
thorough research regarding the provision of services to the people prone to this disease. There
is no limit on age when this disease strikes a person, it can develop in childhood also but it is
most commonly found in old aged people. Therefore, it can be said that age is one of the critical
risk factor of this particular disease.
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From the above two graphs, it can easily be interpreted that, diabetes's growing
continuously in United Kingdom. This can be indicative to government with respect to bring
reforms in medical sector.
Social care and medical help is available to people suffering from diabetes in Kent and
Medway. Medical care is required for treating the diagnosed health and mental conditions of a
person. National Health Care in UK is responsible for providing adequate health care which is
free of cost at the time of contact. Social care is the help, support and care a person need for
surviving independently in the society. It is needed for overcoming illness, disability and
especially for old age people suffering from Diabetes. An assessment is conducted for assessing
the ability of paying for the social care services which is known as means test. Health and social
care services works together in Medway and Kent so that personalised social and health care
needs can be provided to the people.
Help, supports services are provided by Kent and Medway and same is bifurcates under
the heads of social and health care. Under the health care services relate with diagnosis and
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treatment of the illness and diseases is given. The NHS in the UK is responsible for giving the
health care services and regulating the work in other care units with in the nation. The social
service charges a person for giving the supervises and providing assessment to the ability of a
person which is referred as mean test. Both Medway and Kent work together for giving support
and meet the social and health care requirements.
2.2 Relationship between prevalence of disease and requirement of service to support individuals
Significant of Diagnosis: Importance is given for development of treatment and
intervention at the earliest regarding to diagnosis of diabetes and giving people timely treatment.
An increase in the conscious about the diagnosis will definitely give a rise in the rate of
diagnosing. An early detection of diabetes in a person aids that individual as well his/her family
in getting treatment on time and cure the same.
Role of GP: this will help in early diagnosis along with ensuring that planned and
coordinates community services are established in order to assist these with diagnosed with
diabetes.
Medway Diabetes action Alliances: organization in the Medway are continuously
trying to enhance the services for people with diabetes. By signing up as a member with DAA
business is pledging to take action plan providing the services.
Plan of Action
 Significant of GPs is established and same will assist the work to greater extent in the
future.
 GPs will aid in implementation of the guidelines prescribes NHS.
 Father GPs will be used to in the primary care of diabetes in order to meet the
challenges.
 Priority will be given to people effected with diabetes by Medway council and CCG.
 For improving the outcomes in treatment of diabetes the better care funds will in
integrating the care services.
Important symptoms of Dementia:
 Hunger, fatigues, yeast infection to both the gender on fingers toes, breast and
 Mostly effect people with high tension and who intakes more surge.
 The vision of the person gets blur, dry mouth and itchy skin are some other symptoms of
this disease.
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 A global level 3.7 million people are diagnosed with diabetes and 12.3 million case are
emerging with increased risk of Type 2 diabetes.
 4.6 million in UK have diabetes.
 90% of the people suffering from this disease have type 2 diabetes and 100 % have type
1 diabetes. In 2016-2017, 3.8 million in England, over the age of 65, have been
diagnosed with diabetes, means one in every 23 person over 65 age is registered with
GP. 1 Women out of 5 have diabetes. Person with hyper tension and high sugar intake
generally suffers from this disease.
2.3 Impact of current life style on future needs of health and social care
As the current lifestyle has become more technology oriented and sedentary, people are
getting more and more prone to various diseases that can impact the need for health and social
care measures within a health and social care setting (Acharya and et.al., 2017). The present
lifestyle with the over use of junk and unhealthy food, lack of physical activities and more and
more dependents of artificial, inorganic supplements have given rise to many ailments on
physical and mental level. The number of patients related to depression and other neurological
diseases are increasing with each passing day. As the present lifestyle is very hectic and stressful,
cardiovascular risks among the people have also increased to a tormenting level.
Dependency on fast food, junk diets and carbonated drinks with smoking and alcoholism
have increased the hazard of diabetes, heart attacks, obesity and hypertension or blood pressure.
In such case, people are required to undertake suitable and proper health and social care
measures or services that will assist an individual to opt for a healthy lifestyle. Prior to the
medical support or an aid from a health and social care service provider, the individual can go for
the healthy and active living. This will reduce the risk of any of the disease mentioned above to a
greater extent. Suitable choices can be made by a person in order to have a healthy lifestyle and
positive influence on health and well being of an individual. Certain approaches can be adopted
by an individual in order to meet the effective needs of health and social needs are:
 Regular exercising and increasing physical activities will help in improving the health
condition of an individual (Barrington, 2018). This will reduce the risk of cardiovascular
diseases, mental stress and physical problems like coronary blockage, obesity and
increased sugar level.
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 Quitting the unhealthy habits like smoking, drinking alcohols, substance abuse and other
life threatening activities will also improve the health and social well being of an
individual.
 More and more intake of fresh, organic food, reducing sugar intake, using more green
leafy vegetables and dairy products in diet are few measures to avoid the adverse impact
on health condition.
 Living a happy, cheerful and stress free life by the means of different recreational
activities like playing football, swimming etc is also effective to reduce mental ailments.
LO 3
3.1 Fact sheet on health and wellbeing priorities of an individual
Enclosed in factsheet
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3.1 Fact sheet on health and wellbeing
priorities of an individual
In a health and social care setting, an individual is
required to have certain health and wellbeing
priorities which will improve their physical,
mental, emotional and social conditions the
individual will look after proper assessment of
different measures or approaches that will be
taken in consideration by a person while being in
a health and social care setting. Setting up of
suitable priorities will not only help an individual
to decide his lifestyle but will also improve his
health condition.
Having a good wellbeing includes not only the
healthy lifestyle. For the appropriate wellbeing,
individual is required to be physically, mentally,
emotionally, socially and economically sound. All
For a proper wellbeing, the person is required to
plan the lifestyle and be adamant to it’s to an
extent possible. Setting up of effective priorities
will help in improving the healthy habits like
having a good and organic diet, taking proper
sleep, reduce the consumption of alcohol, having a
cheerful and positive surrounding and quitting
smoking with immediate effect (Stewart and Wild,
2018).
On the other hand, for setting health related
priorities, a person can opt for the measures like
having a healthy schedule, exercising regularly,
waking up early, getting regular check-ups reduce
the sugar, salt and fat intake. All this measures
with a healthy diet and positive environment will
lead a person to nullify the risk of heart attacks,
strokes and high blood pressure. Intake of proper
nutrition will facilitate a positive growth of a
person. Also, the reduction of alcohol and sugar
based products with junk and fast foods will lead
an individual to have a good control over
occurrence of many physical and mental diseases.
It will also improve the person's performance and
living condition in a positive way. All these
measures will constitute suitable habits that will
promote positive wellness and wellbeing within a
health and social care setting.
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these factors will drive a person to carry out his
other activities much effectively.
3.2 Health care policies, system, and approach in UK.
Broadly UK, entail government funded comprehensive health care system, but some
countries adopts their own private and public health care system. NHS working as public health
care service provider in whole UK. where respective countries' public health system gives its
service in PAN UK but their private system only limited to geographical area. This structure
facilitates great flexibility to local government to set health priority and make policies based
upon local health issue concerns. Poor and needy people avail heath service in reasonable prices
(Hepburn and et.al., 2015). Universal health service also helps in Integrated care, accessible
patient data and less expensive medical care. But quality of service and coverage of diseases are
very poor in public system. Private sector provides the best required service in instantly. Also,
privacy of patient is taken care by private hospital. But UK public insured patients faces
discrimination in treatments. There have various planned actions from UK which impacts on
increasing the NHS services in the country. NHS national health check programmer with public
health England and local government to prevent and protect the nation from issues of Diabetes in
public.
3.3 Changes to improve individual health and well being
Video tapes can help in demonstrate the dietary requirements of individual to people.
This helps in increase the health awareness and education. When an individual intake food and
beverage which incorporate fresh vegetable and fruits, it will contribute in good health. This
technique naturally induces the good habit like playing outdoor game and spend more time in
gym for getting physical competency. People can also encourage healthy food habits as Group
and focus group support by using social networking sites. Health education and aware enable
individual to take initiative and precautionary action for their betterment. Interaction between
peer group facilitates free, effective and useful health consultation (Hopkins and. et.al.,2017).
User even avail medical specialist's advice and suggestion by joining weekly sports club and
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physical centres. These periodic physical exercises also help in maintain the body shape. Apart
from food and exercise sleeping pattern also contributes in mental and physical wellbeing. 8-
hour sleeping is ideal for human being. Individual should use its weekend for giving full rest to
body and brain (Pallegedara and Grimm, 2017). House courses activities increase blood
circulation, stimulates body flexibility, improved mood, induce good quality sleeping. Inefficient
and poor sleeping can cause chronic disease like obesity and constipation, as well as life
threatening Acute conditions like heart attack. Sleeping also impact the life expectancy of
individual. In this world of uncertainty, only one's efforts and responsibility to look after own
health, can help in sustain life with decent health condition.
3.4 Behavior change
3.4 Behavior change
Introduction: This study will provide understanding about various activities which helps
in changing behaviour to support individuals in health and care.
Behaviour change helps in reducing the harmful effect on the health of people by
adopting the various positive changes which assist in reducing the negative impact of the various
health diseases. For protecting the people from harmful effect of smoking, E- cigarette was
introduced which is the device that assist in inhaling nicotine and without providing negative
impact on the health of individual (Pallegedara and Grimm, 2017). Another activity introduced
is related to providing the people with physical exercise to burn the fat and for this health and
social care suggest the people to go to gym. Gym provides the individual to burn the fat which
support in reducing various health problems.
Moreover, government in order to protect the people from various harmful diseases is
promoting healthy eating through use of social media sites and is providing information in the
schools to provide the students with healthy food. Another way for physical exercise is through
walking routes, cycling etc. Early scanning helps in detecting abnormalities through smear test
and MOT of their body.
For changing the behaviour it is required for learning instead of identifying the benefit.
This helps in providing the people with employment as government does not want single parent
any more (Peckham and et.al., 2016). By changing the behaviour people can be benefited and
will be more aware about the health problems and will eat healthy food for better life and health.
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In evaluating these activities, I think these activities will provide benefit to both young
and the adult people. When people will live healthy life they will be able to see the changes in
their bodies which will help in providing motivation to the other people to follow the same and
changing their behaviour for good. But it is possible that not all the people will follow the
activities but mostly the people that have concern about their health and want to change their
lifestyle will follow these activities. Individuals by following these activities and changing their
behaviour can reduce the various health problems which have a great impact on their life.
CONCLUSION
In this report has been concluded that public health play an effective role in health and
social care sector. Many agencies support and give their contribution for identify health issues
and make plan for reducing it. This report will explain about the impact of diseases on
population that affect overall environment. Thus, to reduce virus they apply many techniques and
use different strategy that aware people and make them healthy. The present study explain the
role of different agencies within using various approaches for make people healthy and safe form
the Flu and Diabetes's. It also clarifies current life style impact on future heath and social care
needs effectively that change the entire environment. Furthermore, this study represent the
policies and system of health care that make people life style better. More over to reduce impact
of disease local and other authority make changes for improvement. Such changes help in
reducing harmful effect on population health by adopting many changes and using approaches.
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REFERENCES
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health‐care policy?: results of a systematic scoping review. Health Expectations. 18(2).
pp.153-165.
Conklin, A., Morris, Z. and Nolte, E., 2015. What is the evidence base for public involvement in
health‐care policy?: results of a systematic scoping review. Health Expectations. 18(2).
pp.153-165.
Hepburn, C. M and et.al., 2015. Health system strategies supporting transition to adult care.
Archives of disease in childhood, pp.archdischild-2014.
Hopkins, H and. et.al.,2017. Impact of introduction of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria on
antibiotic prescribing: analysis of observational and randomised studies in public and
private healthcare settings. Bmj, 356, p.j1054.
Hutchinson, M. and Jackson, D., 2015. The construction and legitimation of workplace bullying
in the public sector: insight into power dynamics and organisational failures in health
and social care. Nursing inquiry. 22(1). pp.13-26.
Pallegedara, A. and Grimm, M., 2017. Demand for private healthcare in a universal public
healthcare system: empirical evidence from Sri Lanka. Health policy and planning.
32(9). pp.1267-1284.
Peckham, S and et.al., 2016. Health improvement activities undertaken in general practice and
primary care.
Stewart, B.W.K.P. and Wild, C.P., 2018. World cancer report 2014. Self.
Torchia, M., Calabrò, A. and Morner, M., 2015. Public–private partnerships in the health care
sector: A systematic review of the literature. Public Management Review. 17(2). pp.236-
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Three times more people dying from flu in UK than last winter. 2019. [Online]. Available
through <https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/jan/25/three-times-more-people-
dying-from-flu-in-uk-than-last-winter>
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