The Role of Public Health in Health and Social Care

This report discusses the role of public health in health and social care, including the different approaches and strategies used to measure, monitor, and control the incidence of diseases in communities. It also explores the implications of health and disease in communities and the factors influencing the health and wellbeing of individuals.

THE ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL
CARE

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1 Understanding the different approaches and strategies used to measure monitor and control
incidence of diseases in communities..............................................................................................3
1.1 Explaining the roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and disease in
communities.................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Explaining by using statistical data, the epidemiology of one infectious and one non-
infectious disease that is widespread in a country.......................................................................4
1.3 Evaluating the effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence
of disease in communities............................................................................................................6
LO2 Investigating the implications of health and disease in communities.....................................7
2.1 Determining the current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for people
with disease or illness..................................................................................................................7
2.2 Explaining the relationship between the prevalence of disease and requirements of services
to support individuals..................................................................................................................7
2.3 Analysing the impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care
services........................................................................................................................................8
LO3 Understanding the factors influencing health and wellbeing of individuals...........................9
3.1 Assessing the health and wellbeing priorities for individuals in health or social care setting
.....................................................................................................................................................9
3.2 Evaluating the effectiveness of the implemented strategies, systems and policies in a health
or social care setting....................................................................................................................9
3.3 Discussing the changes that could be made to improve the health and wellbeing of
individuals in a health or social care setting..............................................................................10
3.4 Evaluating activities that can be implemented to encourage behaviour change..................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................12

Introduction
The general health of a population as a whole, which is monitored and regulated to
simultaneously enhance and promote them by the collaborative working of the various health
and social care institutions is termed as public health. This is a continuous development process
under which new Policies are formulated by taking into consideration does growing global
scenario. This report deals with providing knowledge regarding the different approaches and
strategies that are undertaken to qualitatively and quantitatively monitor and measure the growth
and the control of the diseases in communities. This report also deals with conducting
investigation pertaining to the various impacts caused by these diseases and the various factors
that influence the health and well-being of the individuals.
LO1 Understanding the different approaches and strategies used to measure monitor and
control incidence of diseases in communities
1.1 Explaining the roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and disease in
communities
As stated by Brett et al. (2014, p.637), there are distinctive organisations working to recognise
the level of wellbeing and illness in groups they can be national or worldwide. Local specialists
are at risk for giving people wellbeing offices in each nation. All through a neighbourhood
irresistible disease flare-up, local authorities are mainly community responders, working with
other care suppliers. The agencies additionally energise and shield the health through control,
organisation, curiosity, and act in general health. To accomplish this, they are attentive on
empowering health, sickness and wounds and answering to group health and infectious diseases.
According to Bradley et al. (2016, p.761), WHO a world association attempt their best in
producing an overall examination framework which relates together momentum neighbourhood,
common, across the country and widespread systems of research labs and health focuses on
extraordinary examination systems of infections. Government and foundations play prevalence
in infectious disease, for example, UK community health laboratory services, US centres for
sickness control and avoidance, the international systems colleges and group health and the
working out in epidemiology and community health interference network give established
information. These organisations and specialists have their duty in recognising and conveying
diseases.

1.2 Explaining by using statistical data, the epidemiology of one infectious and one non-
infectious disease that is widespread in a country
According to Eggleston and Finkelston (2014, p.797), the study of disease epidemiology is the
review and examination of the example cause impact well-being and illness conditions in
characterised population. It is the foundation of general well-being and shapes approach choices
and confirmation based practice by distinguishing hazard elements for infection and focuses on
preventive human services. Here is the statistical data of one infectious and one non-infectious
disease that is widespread in the country (Gradinger et al. 2015, p.669).
Infectious disease (mad cow
disease)
Non-infectious
disease(obesity)
Geographical distribution Mainly seen in developed
nations.
Developed nations
Incidence rates In the United States, four
cattle have been recognised
with mad distraught bovine
ailment prions, while in
Canada, 20 cases have been
distinguished.
Around the globe, rates of
obesity are on the ascent:
Since 1980, the worldwide
weight rate has almost
multiplied, and there are
currently more than 200
million corpulent men and
about 300 million hefty
ladies.
Vulnerable groups Cattles, rarely humans People above 20 years of age
are highly vulnerable.
Causes In spite of the fact that the
particular cause isn't known,
it is hypothesised that
irresistible prions are the
possible cause.
Obesity occurs when
individuals routinely eat a
bigger number of calories
than they smoulder. Various
components can add to the
weight, including an absence

of physical action, an absence
of rest, hereditary qualities.
Spreads and controls It spreads through infected
cows when they are
slaughtered. There is no cure
for vCJD. Treatment
incorporates dealing with the
indications that happen as the
infection deteriorates.
Making small changes in food
routine can help reduce
obesity. Eating healthy on a
regular basis can make long
term changes.
Table 1: Epidemiology report
(Source: Ebringer, 2015)
Figure 1.1: Overview of mad cow disease
(Source: Ebringer, 2015)
1.3 Evaluating the effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the
incidence of disease in communities
According to Nakanishi and Nakashima (2014, p.470), there are distinctive methodologies in
control cardiovascular. Keeping in mind the end goal to anticipate cardiovascular, it can be
embraced. Sentinel reconnaissance is probable to be the favoured practice, whereby checking of

illness occurrences is occasionally coordinated at sentinel areas that are generally illustrative of
the expansive populace. This practice is sought in light of the fact that sub-Saharan states have
deficient assets, and health frameworks can't observe only malady occurrence. Statistic health
surveys are cheap to oversee however harmed from the disadvantage of their plan. Observation
not just shows the event of cardiovascular and also helps measurement the impact of essential
shirking systems. There are a few systems which incorporate after strides, they are planning the
advancing plagues and analysing the cause. Decrease the levels of the scope of occupants to
aggregate hazard elements and their causes. In this methodology, it is exceptionally powerful in
light of the fact that demonstrating stages to notice hypertension in people, in general, might be
appropriate, as the ailment does not grow clinically patent until it grounds end tissue harm, for
example, heart assault, and kidney disappointment. Activities would be centre to the limitations
of available assets.
As stated by Beard and Bloom (2015. p.660), prevention projects can be directed for Mad Cow
disease. In spite of the fact that counteractive action projects are measured as more practical, the
simplification of the disease has made cure offices bit by bit vital. The diseases evade
endeavours, for example, school instruction, educating in the workplace, and media
advancements were effectively playing in the transmission of thought and an expansive segment
got the consequence of these, however, the bad conduct not able to keep away from.

LO2 Investigating the implications of health and disease in communities
2.1 Determining the current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for
people with disease or illness
According to Braveman and Gottlieb (2014, p.30), there are different approaches and strategies
that are taken into consideration while dealing with the disease and providing services for the
same. The first approved step was taken, on the basis of priority, is the prevention of the disease.
this is a division of medication that focuses its attention on helping the people to avoid infectious
disease by forming groups. This is important as the restraints or obstacles that are faced during
the treatment of the disease trace its origins from the anthropological differences among the
different individuals. Learning racial practices and understanding them can also be a good way to
control the spread of a disease. As stated by Sallnow et al. (2016, p.210), the next phase of
action is treatment. In this phase, the novel and operative treatment strategies and courses are
undertaken that would be helpful in treating the disease. This proactively helps a person towards
a better living condition without the threat of the disease that they had been affected with.
Palliative care concentrates on releasing and inhibiting the distress caused to the patients and is
most suitable for patients who suffer from treatable infections or for those who live life, facing
the challenges and disease at the same time. This can also be termed as the last health care stage
wherein the patients who have a very little reminder of life their left is exposed to treatments
which can lead to a much more comfortable demise. The last approach that needs to be discussed
is remedial care which is a non-residential domestic centre for providing services in line with
maintenance and curing of people who are physically incapable or challenged.
2.2 Explaining the relationship between the prevalence of disease and requirements of
services to support individuals
According to Gili et al. (2013, p.105), prevalence is the measure and of the old and new
circumstances that are involved in an ailment. They take into consideration only a specific
period of time the prevalence of a disease or ailment. All the cumulative appearances of a disease
over a defined time period divided by the proportion of a population gives rise to the measurable
quantity of prevalence. This quantity is responsible for measuring the effect of the disease among
the public while evaluating the success of the different mitigation strategies in place. In the case
of social services which are dedicated to providing support to an individual, prevalence is a
necessity as it helps in planning and facilitating the systems that are required, accordingly to the
needs of the patient. The prevalence of a disease helps an organisation to understand and plan the

number of services that are essential for the treatment of the disease and caring for the patients
can be measured by understanding prevalence. This identification leads to better health care
services as the organisations understand the areas that require more focus, attention and
expertise.
According to Garg et al. (2015, p.304), the balance helps in understanding the involvement and
consequences of the Healthcare organisations and their effectiveness in diagnosing and treating
the patient. Incidence prevalence is a much more appropriate term rather than incident
occurrence, as this does not help in identifying the effective and beneficial health care plans for
the patients. Understanding the problems of a disease can help in setting up of achieving targets
by analysing the facts and accordingly expand and fund the facilities by providing and allocating
them resources to provide the health care services that are required during treatment of these
diseases.
2.3 Analysing the impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social
care services
According to Carman (2016, p.566), the lifestyle choices of an individual are directly related to
the impact on their health. The current trends, which are medically unsuitable, drives the present-
day health and social care settings to undertake more comprehensive steps so as to cater to the
patients. Hence, this is a very important and useful aspect that helps in analysing the impact of
current lifestyles on health and social care practices. The current lifestyle of the individuals is
inclined more towards the urban rituals that are helpful in developing a career by Ignoring the
daily rituals that would lead to a healthy life.
Consumption of alcohol compounded with cigarette smoking and regular food habits of view of
the lifestyle changes that have the effect on health and social care services. All the above-
mentioned Lifestyle practices that have been visualised by the modern day individuals has led to
an estimation that showcases of very large number of people who will be suffering in the future
from cancer, gastric problems and liver failure (Gili et al. 2013, p.107).

LO3 Understanding the factors influencing health and wellbeing of individuals
3.1 Assessing the health and wellbeing priorities for individuals in health or social care
setting
In words of Boivin et al. (2014, p.345), There are numerous health and social welfare issues and
priority that an organisation needs to undertake So as to adapt and orient the services that they
provide according to the needs of the service users. These orientations on the basis of the
priorities help the organisation to develop their skills and resources so as to tackle the problems
that are faced during the treatment of these diseases. This helps the Service users to enjoy a
better living and healthy lifestyle as the organisation promote the healthy diet for an individual.
This allows a competitive edge to the healthcare organisation as the people that cater two or
more healthier Windows who are in the rival Healthcare organisation.
According to Hibbard and Greene (2013, p.211), the healthcare organisations need to prioritise
the physical activities that can be easily done in the comfort of one's own home. This promotion
of healthy diets and physical activities is helpful in inculcating good habits which ensure a
prolonged life. The social issues that these good habits are passed on to the next generation that
will make the community much more safe and resilient to diseases and health issues.
3.2 Evaluating the effectiveness of the implemented strategies, systems and policies in a
health or social care setting
According to Kentikelenis et al. (2014. p.750), in the health and care setting there are distinctive
methodologies which use keeping in mind the end goal to frame better qualities and better
propensities inside the human character. When they are executed the accompanying can be
accomplished. Better client fascination can be accomplished. Better client fascination can be
established as a perfect and slick place is constantly liable to get pulled in by the clients.
Additionally, when the place turns out to be vastly improved, there will be a decent notoriety
which will manufacture the organisation ascend among alternate foundations.
In words of Palència (2014, p.100), better partner engaging quality is likewise liable to get pulled
in when the organisations are probably going to make the health and care. Likewise, there is a
decent probability of pick up a superior representative faithfulness and a social place where the
organisation turns into an ability retainer and an ability searcher. In this manner keeping up
better practices are probably going to happen positive impacts to the organisation.

3.3 Discussing the changes that could be made to improve the health and wellbeing of
individuals in a health or social care setting
Changing lifestyle is needed to bring about health and social well-being of the community. by
shifting their attitudes towards the healthy attitude. This is the first step to ensuring a better and
improved health and social care. In words of Sandberg et al. (2014, p.1975), the care pertaining
to the elderly and the children invokes attitude which can be detrimental to the betterment of
conditions and services that are provided in organisational health care environment. Attitudes
like short temperateness or impatience shown by the carer should be minimised in order to gain
the trust and making the treatment process much more comfortable for the patient.
According to Kondilis et al. (2013, p.975), dieting practices that are existent in the current
society also needs to undergo a serious makeover and it should become a combination of both,
nutrition as well as health. These dieting practices can be useful to convince the health and care
objectives to the patients as well as the care workers who work in collaboration with these
patients to achieve the. Training and other such practices can help in reducing the chances and
vulnerability of getting infected by future diseases and at the same time inhibiting their spread.
3.4 Evaluating activities that can be implemented to encourage behaviour change
As observed by Price et al. (2014, p.550), behavioural changes cannot be brought by simply
asking people to change. Conducting activities or special acts can influence the people to change
their behaviour such as enlightening the people about the various details pertaining to a disease
or ailment. This can help the society too has a better understanding of the causes of the disease
and the sufferings of the individuals. Bringing in the people of different regions and sects to of
common platform where they can showcase their faulty thought process towards a particular
disease can help the myths to be busted and help in saving lives.
As highlighted by Haywood et al. (2015, p.1070), better working environment and working
standards helps in motivating as well as promoting a healthy work space. This could result in
decreasing the amount of stress and other related psychological issues which are responsible for
various diseases when observed from an objective perception and these activities can be helpful
implementing and encouraging of behavioural changes.
Conclusion
The private and public authorities that are involved in health and social care organisations have a
crucial role to play in maintaining public health by treating and eliminating diseases such as
HIV, Ebola, mad cow and obesity. These diseases may be infectious or non-infectious and their

treatment will be dependent upon the way these diseases have been categorised. In the current
report, the various implications of diseases on a society and their impact on the services provided
by the health and social care organisations have been analysed. The report also analyses the
various psychological and mental aspects which are involved in propagation or spreading of a
disease and how it can be effectively mitigated.

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