The Social Determinants Of Health Influence The Health And Well Being Of Individuals And Communities

This article discusses the social determinants of health and their impact on the health and well-being of individuals and communities. It explores factors such as income level, education, and environment, and how they affect the quality of life. The article also covers the importance of health need assessment analysis and the role of health leadership in improving healthcare outcomes.

The Social Determinants Of Health
Influence The Health And Well Being Of
Individuals And Communities

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................3
Social determinants of health and their roles..............................................................................3
Health need assessment analysis.................................................................................................4
Health leadership.........................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
The term health has been defined as the condition of an individual who is in overall
physical, mental as well as social well being. It has been stated that the absence of any illness or
disorders does not refer to a state of complete healthiness, they should be in absolute cognitive,
emotional as well as physical welfare. The health is being considered as the most precious
resource of every person which aids in supporting the livelihood of a person and their family.
The healthy person is also being considered as an asset to the society, which live such a lifestyle
that actually aids in sustaining a meaningful life (Glick and et.al., 2016). Factors like genetics,
literacy rate, surrounding area, economic condition, personal lifestyle and relationship with
family members and friends has a huge impact on the current and future health state of an
individual. All these factor directly or indirectly effects the mental, social and physical health of
people and later decides the quality of life a person will lead.
Public health is the discipline of safeguarding and rising the status of health of the
people as well as their communities. Such community work is achieved and progressed by
supporting the lifestyle of people, investigation in prevention and detection of diseases and then
rendering awareness to the people to lift their living style and respond according to the infectious
diseases occurrence. In whole, public health majorly concern on protecting the state of mind,
behaviour, emotional status, physical condition of the entire population. Such population can
vary in their sizes and they may be either little as a local section or as big as the whole country.
The practitioners and skilled health care providers attempts to overcome the health issues by
preventing their recurrence by implementing various education, awareness programs and also by
recommending services and policies required to limit the health related disparities.
BACKGROUND
Social determinants of health and their roles
The social determinants of the health is being refereed to the state of an individual in
which they are born, thrive, grow, work and age. Such circumstances and situation are actually
responsible in shaping the future of people and the resources as well as power an individual
acquire at local, national and global level (Artiga and Hinton, 2019). The social determinants of
health are accountable for the inequalities in health, such inequality is being observed in the
health state between or within the countries. There are many social determinants which influence

the state of individual's health and well being of entire population. The Income level greatly
affects the quality of life a person is being living. High income improves the lifestyle and also
aids in reducing stress. These people live in such hygienic area which have healthier resources
and have access to more pure air and safety. Low income is the major cause of poor quality of
life which enhance the risk of stroke, heart diseases or malnutrition.
An Education quality and extent of eduction is also one of the important determinants
for maintaining and improving the kind of life. Poor vision, obesity, in activeness, smoking,
asthma, mental health related issues, sleep disorders have been observed to link the type of
eduction a person got (Jennings, Larson and Yun, 2016). As the quality of education determines
the type of job or career an individual will have. The bright future results due to good education
system while such disorders and stress have been observed in the individual who did not get right
eduction and awareness. An Environment as well as surrounding of a person largely affects the
quality and kind of life an individual thrives, which ultimately judges the health status and
condition of people. Access to drinks safe and pure water prevent from getting water borne
infections. Clean and toxin free environment assure good health and prevent from acquiring
various disorders and make the emotional and behavioural aspect of a person also stable.
Health need assessment analysis
Health need assessment (HNA) is basically a process of identifying the health as well as
healthcare needs of a particular location. The overall population needs to focus on diversities
between population. There are several health improvement programs available which provides
the chance to get engaged in health need assessment within regional and national population.
Some of the preventive programs could be implemented in order to improve health of overall
population within a community (Marmot, 2018). Heath improvement along with prevention of
communicable diseases as well as increase in life expectancy has been increasing day by day.
This is one of the most important tool or a systematic method for analysing the healthcare needs
within a population. It help in to make necessary changes within a community in order to fulfil
those required needs. Health need assessment generally grants targeting of resources and
sometimes involved with partnership with other agencies. It is one of the best opportunity for
involving number of stakeholders in service planning as well as increase sustainability and
ownership. Such sort of assessments could be fulfil by public health team.

Several methods of HNA has been developed such as Bradshaw's defined categories of
need. The author has been suggested that concept of need is multidimensional. The ultimate
purpose of health need assessment is to create strategies for addressing the health needs of
community and issues. Most important ingredient is participation of individuals and engagement
of community. Agency of health and development analyse that health need assessment
strengthens the decision making policy of community, enhance working in partnership and
allows utilization of various resources (Jee-Lyn and Sharif, 2015). The assessment of health
needs also help individuals to develop partnerships and planning some intervention programs in
order to meet the desirable health needs of population in a community. However, along with
number of benefits, HNA also faces some challenges. Heath development agency has identify
one such challenge which is difficulties facing by stakeholders in targeting population and data
necessary for conducting such assessments. Bing multi-disciplinary there could be some
difficulties in receiving commitment from all its partners. HNA is generally time taking, thus
difficulties could be arise during maintaining momentum and to enhance morale of team.
Implementing a high quality of program in a particular area can help the individuals to
attain a positive health outcome and eliminates the differences between practices and theories.
Number of western models of healthcare is being utilizing in different countries for accessing the
needs of health in individuals. This program particularly help in to improve the health conditions
of overall population of a country. Healthy population will lead to healthy country and thus,
enhance the economy of the whole country (Chatterjee and Noble, 2016). Models has been used
for analysing how local people defines sickness, look for advices, or utilizing tradition methods
of healing. However, a critical analysis of health need assessment program for a particular area
will help to find out that what the the major requirements within general population regarding to
health. It also helps to evaluate what percentage of individuals are actually getting benefits of
this particular program.
In health need assessment, the data which has to be collected in conducting primary care
generally includes daily available local statistics, consultation services and the manner through
which the public need and demands can be obtained. These activities also consist of interviews,
surveys, group analysis, case work observations and many more. The HNA basically involves to
determine basic need in questions and consultation which assist the process and maintain the
equity, availability, impact of appropriate interventions, the condition of adequate services,

sustenance of expertise, national strategies and practicability of resources. The implementation
and planning behaviour is the most critical part of health need assessment which clearly involves
in prioritising objectives and goals, the efficient intervention as well as actions and all the types
and kind of the resources which are required, namely, space, work force, time and tools for
proper and complete health need assessment (Michalos, 2017). The monitoring and evaluating
determined success as well as failures is being considered as a part of the whole process.
However, it has been observed that the effective evaluation needs to set targets, where the stage
of outcome has to be achieved. This process also engages the indicators, which actually helpful
in measuring against what criteria does the evaluation process will be conducted.
Various guidelines and principles have been determined to conduct the health need
assessment, there are few theoretical perspectives which need to be addressed in order to achieve
efficiency and efficacy in primary care. For this, the aims and objectives should be already clear
in from initial stage, though it has been seen as this is have a great effect on the approach of the
type an kind of the care. The discussion leading to asses the needs are very crucial so as to
determine the kind of need evidence ones require to alter the decision making process. Though,
various methods of examination will be used and allow the individual to initiate the work on the
identified issue while studying it. The need assessment have to be governed by the people who
actually assist in implementing the behaviour and actions (Compton and Shim, 2015,). Such
assessment should also have the ability to get fit into the suitable planning criteria and proper
decision making strategies. The health need assessment is an effective manner to plan the future
and is the part of the cycle that must covers the needs which have not yet been meet and the
action which are still pending to be taken.
The heath need assessment renders lots of opportunities for health professionals and
skilled practitioners. Such opportunities describes the shape and pattern of the disorder in
regional, local, national and global level. It helps in educating about the demands and wants of
the patients and then the health and social care providers respond and take mandatory actions
accordingly. Such provisions, set the predefined and clear aims and unmet needs so that
collectively the work is being accomplished (Garg, Boynton-Jarrett and Dworkin, 2016). It assist
in deciding the wise usage of resources to improve the health of local communities in most
unique and productive way. The health need assessment so far has influenced in controlling the
policies and collaboratively conducting research and priorities which further aids in promoting

and improving the sector the research and development of health care, which improve the quality
of identifying the disease and providing medications for proper treatments and services.
Health leadership
The health leadership in the sector of health is being closely associated and interrelated
with the term management. Commonly, management implies in controlling, planning,
implementing, monitoring, organising and evaluating the resources and the predefined task and
the mission of the organisation so as to achieve profits and productivity. The concept of
management is being considered as extraordinary which only runs on the basis of defined
policies, guidelines, supply chain structure and values of the organisation. The staff members in
the companies and individuals have provided basic roles and responsibilities which are required
to accomplish the demands and needs of the consumers (Thornton and et.al., 2016). Approach of
management also involved in encouraging the quality of work and to manage the issues and
conflicts which are raised among the employees or with others so as to improve the effectiveness
and efficiency of an individual or a team.
Leadership, on the other hand, consists of the ideas, missions and visions which has to be
focused to accomplish the objectives, it also involves to motivate others so as to attain the set
goals and aims of the organisation. Regardless of the dissimilarities between the leadership and
management in respect to their functions and duties, both of them has been considered as
essential in acquiring the objectives of the enterprise. There have been some cases where the
function of management aids in providing leadership whereas the roles of leadership sometimes
bestows in managing (Keleher and MacDougall, 2015).
The managers who are skilled and trained health care service managers fills the duties
and roles of the managers in the field of the health and renders leadership by performing
functions and responsibilities of the management. The clinicians which include nurses and
professional doctors with no prior knowledge of management may sometimes observed to
undergo duties of managers and renders leadership. The enhancing participation of clinicians in
managing and planning of care have been significantly affecting the social view point of health
care. Such practice is effectively known as clinical leadership which is necessarily provided by
the doctors and clinicians so as to assure effectiveness, safety and better quality of care. Such
functions are normally conducted with the efficient cooperation of non clinical management with
their part and functions.

A large number of studies have been conducted on the determination as well as
identification of the necessary abilities which are needed by the managers and leaders of the
health for enhanced performance in the roles associated with the leadership and management.
The focus has been on the competencies and abilities recently because there is a need and
demand to build powerful and strong health as well as leadership management workforce, who
can positively alters the condition of the health sector and develops some values and guidelines
in the health care organisation. These studies have been constituted by World Health
Organisation (WHO), which has shown the importance and requirements of the management and
leadership roles at each and every level of the health care sector and care delivery system. Due to
this, various approaches have been designed and identified the crucial competencies which are
required to the workforce and team member of the leadership and health management
(Wahlbeck, 2015). One of the prime aim of identifying the competencies and health assessment
is to guarantee such frame works which can be applied practically to some specific health care
organisation or on the group of the individuals. Such system function as important way of
determining the gaps in skilfulness so as to conduct trainings and professional alteration to
improve the performance as well as abilities of the health care organisation. The improvement
process may includes in rendering formal trainings in the form of integrated academic
programmes. The informal trainings may also be provided like mentoring, coaching and practical
as well as experimental learning in order to provide professional and skilled support to public
health and maintains the condition of the individual health with respect to social, mental and
physical.
Healthcare leadership model have been developed to make an individual a better
leader. Such model is based on nine leadership dimensions whose requirement may be ranging
from necessary to exemplary. Though, it has been seen that the complexities of the behaviour
moves up as the scale is being moved (Marmot, 2015). Out of nine dimensions, the first is
inspiring shared purpose where the leaders form and shows the need of diverse individuals
completing various works and motivating to conceive in common values so as to deliver welfare
and benefits for patients, communities as well as families. Leading with care is another
dimensions where leaders understand the range of emotions which affects the team so that the
quality of services and care provided to the patients does not get affected. Evaluating

information is another dimension which assist in generating new and innovative ideas for
improving the current health system and services.
Another dimension is connecting the services which helps in determining the relation
between well being and social care work, it also make understand how diverse people and
organisation interacts with each other. Sharing the vision is another type of dimension where
leaders draw a vivid scenario to work accordingly and inspire large number of the patients by
communication and clear visions. Another type of healthcare leadership model dimension is
engaging the team, this consist of involving the contribution of all the team workers effectively
to deliver positive outcomes. Holding to account dimension deals in clearing the aims and
objectives prior and supporting the health care providers to take essential task in promoting
positive feedbacks and results. Developing capabilities is a kind of dimension which aids in
building capabilities to make the individual highly efficient, which later helps in meeting
challenges. Last type of dimension is influencing for results which determine how to have
affirmative impact and how relationships can be build and their passions can be recognised. Such
practice aids in allocating duties according to the capability to deliver social and health care
services (Witten, 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that the word health has been defined as the
status of an individualist who are in general bodily, intellectual as well as social welfare. It has
been expressed that the lack of any sickness or disorders does not make an individual full fit and
healthy, they must be secure and healthy with respect to mind, spirit and physical. Public health
can be concluded as the field of precaution and ascending the state of health of the people as well
as entire population. Such people work is advanced by encouraging the mode of people thriving,
research in prevention and discovery of diseases and then providing knowingness to the people
to up lift their surviving style and act according to the occurrence of infective diseases.
According to the above report it can also be concluded that the social determinants of the
health is being defined as the condition of an individual in which they are born, flourish, grow
up, work and age. The Income level, an education quality and the environment as well as
surrounding of a person are some social determinants which mostly affects the type of life an
individual prosper which further judges the wellness condition and stipulation of people. Health
need assessment (HNA) is fundamentally a procedure of distinguishing the welfare as well as

needs of health care of a specific location. Healthcare leadership model have been developed to
make an individual a better leader, this model takes account of nine dimensions, which are
inspiring shared purpose, leading with care, evaluating information, connecting the service,
sharing the vision, engaging the team, holding to account, developing capabilities, influencing
for results are some dimensions of health care models.

REFERENCES
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