Tourism & Sustainability: A Deep Dive

This assignment delves into the complex relationship between tourism and sustainability. It examines the various impacts of tourism on destinations, including economic, social, and environmental aspects. Students are tasked with analyzing case studies, evaluating sustainable tourism practices, and proposing strategies to mitigate negative impacts and promote responsible tourism development.

The Travel and Tourism
Business Toolkit

INTRODUCTION
Travel means to go a long journey. Whereas, tourism means activity of travelling to a
place for pleasure. The main motive is to provide quality and satisfactory services to the potential
customers. Travel and tourism are important because it helps in the growth of the economy.
ABTA is a UK travel trade association and it is located in Southwark. This report includes rule
of income management for travel and tourism business. It throw light on different HR level of
the human resource life cycle also how their value is useful in keep on and processing talent.
Also design a management program as well as use legislations that firm has to adhere (Ali and
Hussain, 2016). It focus on how contract law and employment law has impacted on decision
making process in an industry. Additionally, discuss importance of different budgets for
controlling business performance.
LO 1
P1) Explain rational income management for travel and tourism business.
Income management is the applications of trained person who anticipate consumers
action at small industry stage and utilize product accessibility and price used to maximize
revenue growth. It is necessary in travel and tourism industry because it helps the owner of the
company to foresee demand and pricing in order to meet set goals. Here, are some of the
coherent rule of income management for travel and tourism sector are explained below:
Forecast: Revenue management and sales staff collaborate together in making decisions
regarding forecasting, rate setting and accepting group business. Revenue management
executives educate every departments regarding other group responsibilities so that harmony can
be maintained in the working . In this case, forecast involves revenue prediction which helps the
manger to evaluate past or previous records of organization. Whereas, the finance manger of
ABTA company can predict up coming future revenue of business in a appropriate manner. It in
directly creates negative impact on the company as it does not provide any authenticity regarding
the forecast revenue in the dynamic environment in the cut throat competitive market (Cohen,
2017).
Optimization: Revenue management does comprehensive optimization by doing
integrated promotion management, tactical planning, post event analytics. This all helps the
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business to run smoothly in the competitive market. Optimization is the most important
principles of revenue management in an organization specially in travel and tourism industry.
The firm ABTA compny if uses the available resources in proper manner then optimum results
can be seen in the market as well as desirable revenue can be generated from the business.
Pricing: The manger of firm design or frame or set prices of product or services in such a
order that business can recover all the expenses and profits can be maximized. The pros of this
revenue management principles is that tremendous changes in tax rate does not match with the
designed costs of the product in the cut throat competitive market. Due to which desired
outcomes can not be achieved in the market (Franzoni, 2015).
P2) Study how specific sector and apply revenue management tools to generate huge profits.
In travel and tourism industry income management act as vital character in growth and
success of the enterprise worldwide. In Carnival corporation &Plc revenue management is linked
or affiliated with airline. It follows certain particular tools which helps to generate huge profits in
the competitive marketplace as well as helps to bit it's competitors. Here, are certain tools which
are concerned with revenue management which are used by Carnival corporation &Plc
organization and are discussed below:
Book engine: In this case, book engine is another income management tool that aid the
manger of Carnival corporation &Plc to manage sales ratio in systematic manner. This is
basically used by the business associates in order to mange or tackle international reservations
and bookings for customers so, that people can move from one place to another easily and safely.
Additionally, it assist in capturing copying of reservation for inaccessible place. Hence, directly
or indirectly it helps the business associates to generate profits at a large scale. With the help of
book engine all revenues are handled effectively and are used for expansion and growth of the
business globally.
Rate shopper: Rate shopper is used by the Carnival corporation &Plc organization to
evaluate strategies of pricing in the competitive market place. Firm is adopting this instrument
of revenue management to similitude the cost of the rivals for the related product or services,
room type and facilities which are given to the customers in the market. This tool helps the
manager in making improvements in sales volume as well as helps in generating revenue at a
large scale for the company of travel and tourism (Fuchs and Lexhagen, 2015).
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Different pricing: In this case, differential pricing strategies is used for similar product
or services in the market from customers (Urry, 2016). In this business associates can sell same
type of services or product to distinguished consumers on distinguished rates or price in the
global market. Here, revenue manger of Carnival corporation &Plc adopts use different rating
policies as it allow the firm in aliening their costs according to the dynamic changes taking place
in travel and tourism industry.
LO 2
P3) Discuss various stages of HR life cycle and their importance in retaining and developing
talent.
The HR life cycle carried out in Carnival corporation &Plc for the job role of assistant
HR manager is discussed below. It mainly consists of five stages which are as follows:
Recruitment: Recruitment is the very first stage of the HR life cycle. In this right person
is recruit for right job profile in order to do justice with the job vacancy. Before recruiting the
candidate for the job vacancy of assistant HR mangers the firm conduct certain tests like aptitude
tests, as well as analysis skills and capabilities needed for the post during the interview session.
By hiring right nominee for the post of assistant HR manger best results can be attained easily.
Education: In this case, roles and responsibilities are allotted to the selected employee in
the organization. Here, the recruited assistant HR manger of Carnival corporation &Plc are
educated and are given proper training sessions so that new staff member can better understand
the job role and the working culture as well as roles of the food department. Right knowledge
regarding the departments should be provided so that productive results can be seen and
customers can be satisfied (Höpken and Lexhagen, 2015).
Motivation: New Candidate hired for the job role of assistant HR manger in the
Carnival corporation &Plc should be encouraged timely so, that productive outcomes can be
achieved. By motivating assistant HR manger set goals can be achieved and enlargement of
enterprise can be done respectively. By this step new candidate will be motivated internally and
will work more effectively and efficiently to perform much more better than earlier.
Evaluation: Evaluation of assistant HR manger is done so that improvements can be
done easily. Nominee employed for job role of assistant HR manger and regularly examining the
performance helps to achieve set targets on time and profit maximization can be done at a large
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scale. As a HR manger performance of the employee's should be done in a desirable manner so
that healthy relations between subordinates and food departments can be made. It will help to
build positive environment in the organization which indirectly raise the productivity in an
business.
Celebration: In this employees hired at the post of assistant HR manger are appreciated
for their performance. Additionally, employee elected at the job profile of assistant HR manger
are given bonus, gifts by the HR side so that they work day and night for the betterment of the
business in the competitive market (Sharpley and Telfer, 2015). This directly helps in managing
proper talent in an organization.
Value of human resource life cycle for resolving problems of workers holding:
Human resource life cycle is playing very essential part in the organization as it helps in
boosting the morale value of the employees so that best outcomes can be seen. It helps the
business associates to achieve the desirable goals so that business can be retained in the cut
throat competitive market. It indirectly raise sense of belongingness which leads to decrease in
employees retention.
Staff members can be retained and developed in ABTA by providing them proper reward
and compensation for their hard work. By doing they are encouraged to perform better in cut
throat competitive world. Additional incentives is another process to retain employees in the
company. Along with this by providing proper training to the staff members their skills can be
developed with the phase of time. All this leads to reduce skilled, potential and capable
employees turn out ratio.
P4) Design a performance management plan
PMP is adopted by organization in order to measure the performance of employees
through the year. It is well known by other name which is performance action plan. It is prepared
in every organization for their staff members so that necessary improvements can be done to
attain better outcomes. By regularly examining the performance management plan employees
will be boosted to perform effectively and efficiently.
Plan: In this case proper planning of PMP is done and accordingly staff members are
assigned their duties. Carnival Cooperation Plc by scanning the external market plan things
which aid them to create though competition for others. Effective planning assist employees to
achieve their personal and professional set objectives in competitive market place.
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Implement: Carnival Cooperation Plc frame tactics to successfully execute PMP in the
working premises. Proper implementation aid staff members to provide best outcomes in short
term period. Moreover, this leads in retaining skills and capable workers set time period goals
and objectives are achieved. Additionally, employees are involved while executing the plan so
that chances of error can be eliminated.
Evaluate: To attain set goals and objective for longer time period Carnival Cooperation
Plc evaluate the PMP plan every now and then. By doing further improvements can be done
easily. It helps in successfully accomplishing the set standards in global market.
Feedback: Carnival Cooperation Plc after implementing and evaluating the PMP they
take feedback from the co-workers. Company work on the feedback for further improvements to
accomplish goals and objectives. Unique and different course of action is taken by firm to bind
loyal workers in the premises.
LO 3
P5) Explain specific legislation that company has to adhere.
Legislation can be stated as enactment of laws by a legislative body through it's law
making process. In this process it includes voting and amending on proposed law and is
concerned with bill to communicate judgements of proposal (Lamsfus and Xiang, 2015).
Whereas, some of the legislation which carnival firm cam implement and adhere are discussed
as:
Food safety Act, 1990: Company follow this act in the firm so, that quality and hygiene
food is served to the customers. By doing so, Carnival Cooperation Plc goodwill and
productivity can be raised and profitability ratio can be increased accordingly. Also, it enables
them to promote their services or product in ethical manner which leads to raise satisfaction
level of customers. Moreover, Carnival follow this act in order to serve quality services so that
pre determined goals can be achieved.
Employment Act, 2002: This act contains new paternity and adoption leave, maternity
and changes in tribunal system in UK. This act ensure carnival organization to treat employees
fairly and no discrimination activities should not be carried in the working premises. By adopting
this act it helps the business associates to maintain a healthy relations with the employees in
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order to attain profitability and productivity. This also, guide the firm to carry out such activities
in ethical manner and encourage staff members to work hard to meet the set goals on time.
Package Travel and Tour Regulation, 1992: This is adopted by travel and tourism
industry as it controls delivering of tour operators to their customers. It affect the decision
making process of company because the policies need to be framed by considering the package
and tour regulation act. It helps the firm to create goodwill in the eyes of the customers which is
a positive mark for the administration.
Transport Act, 1930 and 1985: In this act it mange all national and private bus
transport as well as their routes. Travel and tourism decision making process is affected by this
law as enterprise design rules and regulation as per this act. Violation of this act leads to huge
penalties.
Employment law: This is combination of laws and rules which regulate relationships
among administration and staff members. In this act it is described that what firm should pay to
the nominee for their job profile. Organization implement this law in their working premises to
assure workers that they not exploited in any terms. It affect the decision making process as
business activities need to be carried out according to employment law. It leads in generating
huge profits without government interference.
Contract law: This is law of body which relates in making and enforcing agreements.
Here, any party can knock the door of court and enforce them to apply agreement. It directly or
indirectly affect the decision making process of the business administration as all business are
either providing a service or a product which means firm has to purchase and render services.
P6) Examples related with how company, contract and employment law has potential impact on
business.
There are many regulations and legislations which provide proper guidelines to business
associates to accomplish companies goal in effective manner. Each legislation has it's own pros
and cons which affect the working culture within the working environment. Whereas, some have
negative impact on the firm's operations which indirectly affect the productivity level of the
business (Phillips and Schegg, 2017). While implementing the changes they should be attentive
so that business work cycle does not get affected. Here, are some of the examples of many
organizations who were trapped into obstacles due to violation of law:
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1. Wettons and Leser both the organizations were charged penalties for £ 2m and £ 1.1m
respectively for prosecution which was bought by ORR and resulted in death of a cleaner
in a company.
2. KFC which is a leading food retailer was charged fine of £1.5 million for two staff
members which faced burned injuries.
3. A home décor organization named as Wilko was charged as £2.4 million because a paint
tins fall on a 35 year old employees and was paralysed in a event (Lin and Jia, 2015).
Business associates need legislations which guide them to be more disciplined and ethical so that
improvements can be done overall working premises. But in some cases, incidents are
unpredictable which directly impact companies decision making process. Additionally,
legislation ensures that firm to provide complete treatment to the injured employee with basic
amenities to them. Business associates can uplift morale value of staff members which helps
them to gain competitive advantages.
P7) Explore different types of financial statements within travel and tourism industry.
Financial document render an open graphic art of performance, cash flows and financial
view of any organization which display their steadiness in the market. Various kind of financial
document are as under:
Income statement: This is studied by the organization so that expenses and income can
be calculated performed through out the year. This highlight the financial stability and position
of business in the cut throat competitive world. Along with this here, it showcase how revenue is
changed into net income .
Balance sheet: This a complete summary of firm's assets, liabilities and equity . It
includes, marketable securities, account receivable, fixed assets, cash etc. It is prepared by the
business concern so as to give interested parties an idea of the companies stability position in
global market.
The importance of income statement and value of budgets plays a significant role in firm.
It help the business to run smoothly in cut throat competitive world. It provide a idea about how
much fund is required to control the business activity in order to attain set objectives. Value of
budget for controlling business performance and identifying variances are core element as it
helps to frame tactics to overcome the issues. It results in gaining positive outcomes in short time
span.
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P8) Discuss the importance of monetary fund for managing performance and discovering
variant.
Monetary fund means blueprint planned out on apiece of report to evaluate how funds
amount required to be consumed in effective manner. It is the keystone of organization without
money no business associates can hold up in the competitive market (Mowforth, 2015). It is
very important to handle fund to avoid adverse effect in earnings maximisation. The different
kind of monetary fund which are discussed as under:
Master budgets: It is the trust of sales, operating, assets, and financial gain action which
escort company to design objectives accordingly and also helps to study overall performance
Operating budgets: Operating budgets are designed to assess the planned financial gain
and outgo over the set time period . This render a clear icon to the organization regarding the
manufacturing costs ,labour, material costs, production overheads and firm's costs which aid the
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enterprise s to makes plan of action and scheme respectively to continue in the market (Oppewal
and Crouch, 2015). This are usually designed weekly, quarterly, monthly or yearly basis.
CONCULUSION
From the above it can be concluded that if business uses rational principles in effective
manner then growth can be done easily. HR life cycle carried out in an firm helps the business in
smooth functioning and can retain potential employees for longer time duration. Performance
management plan is designed to overcome issues related to staff retention so that productive
results can be achieved as well as goals can be achieved. Additionally, if businees associates
adopt laws and legislations then good can be created in the eyes of the customers and by
adopting contract and employment law healthy working environment can be created and set
goals can be achieved easily. Whereas, different financial statements helps travel and tourism
industry to grow and success at a higher level and studying about importance of budget helps in
identifying variance.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Ali, F., Ryu, K. and Hussain, K., 2016. Influence of experiences on memories, satisfaction and
behavioral intentions: A study of creative tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism
Marketin. 33(1). pp.85-100.
Cohen, S., 2017. Decline, renewal and the city in popular music culture: Beyond the Beatles.
Routledge.
Franzoni, S., 2015. Measuring the sustainability performance of the tourism sector. Tourism
Management Perspectives. 16. pp.22-27.
Fuchs, M., Höpken, W. and Lexhagen, M., 2015. Applying business intelligence for knowledge
generation in tourism destinations–A case study from Sweden. In Tourism and
leisure (pp. 161-174). Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.
Höpken, W., Fuchs, M., Keil, D. and Lexhagen, M., 2015. Business intelligence for cross-
process knowledge extraction at tourism destinations. Information Technology &
Tourism. 15(2). pp.101-130.
Hur, K., Kim, T. T., Karatepe, O.M. and Lee, G., 2017. An exploration of the factors influencing
social media continuance usage and information sharing intentions among Korean
travellers. Tourism Management.63. pp.170-178.
Lamsfus, C., Wang, D., Alzua-Sorzabal, A. and Xiang, Z., 2015. Going mobile: Defining context
for on-the-go travelers. Journal of Travel Research. 54(6). pp.691-701.
Lin, Y., Wan, H., Jiang, R., Wu, Z. and Jia, X., 2015. Inferring the travel purposes of passenger
groups for better understanding of passengers. IEEE transactions on intelligent
transportation systems. 16(1). pp.235-243.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and
new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
Oppewal, H., Huybers, T. and Crouch, G.I., 2015. Tourist destination and experience choice: A
choice experimental analysis of decision sequence effects. Tourism Management.48.
pp.467-476.
Phillips, P., Barnes, S., Zigan, K. and Schegg, R., 2017. Understanding the impact of online
reviews on hotel performance: an empirical analysis. Journal of Travel Research.56(2).
pp.235-249.
Rogerson, C. M., 2015. Restructuring the geography of domestic tourism in South
Africa. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series. 29(29). pp.119-135.
Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D.J., 2015. Tourism and development in the developing world.
Routledge.
Urry, J., 2016. Mobilities: new perspectives on transport and society. Routledge.
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