Key Historical Developments in the Travel and Tourism Sector

P1.1 Explain key historical developments in the travel and tourism sector
From past many centuries people like to travel however, as now technological advancement has increased people have started as for fun and frolic. Since
ages it has been evolving with respect to the transportation industry. Every year many millions of tourist visit places like Buckingham Palace, The Tower
of London and St Paul’s Cathedral as London being one of the world’s leading tourism destination as-well-as attraction places. There are around 30
million people that come to UK only for visiting London past things every year. Following section contains history of travel and tourism industry in
London. From past to modern day, tourist spend their vacation visiting the above mentioned areas. Generally these areas where developed in 19 th century
would have visited and what are the factors that helped travel and tourism sector to evolve.
The earliest era that is 1830-1840: During this phase tourist used to visit the beauty of Queen’s Bazaar which was situated in the Oxford Street to see The Royal Clarence
Vase. Potters have build this vase specially for King George IV in 1820’s and it took 15 workmen more than 3 years to make a gold, glass and enamel object weighing a
hefty eight tonnes and the tourists used to pay 1 shilling to view this dazzling and gorgeous object. Another great attraction during that period was Regent’s Zoological
Park covering more than 15 acres land provided the tourists with a variety of tropical plants and exotic bird and animal.
•Phase of 1870-80: Skating emerge out as a new desirability area for travellers to London. For the duration of winters many sites attracted people for ice-skating. Rifle
shooting, archery and croquet also became popular among the individuals and these were enjoyed and played at Finsbury Park and Battersea.
•Period of 1880-1910: This was the period when people wanted to explore new cultures and many exhibitions were held at places like Earls Court in West London and the
Crystal Palace in south London where visitors can witness a wide variety of products at different stalls.
•Period of 1920-40: Around this period visitors started visiting Buckingham Palace where they would witness the changing of the guard which happened daily. Other
notable places where the tourists used to visit were the dog cemetery in Hyde Park, Barrister’s wig shop n temple and the sheep kept in Green Park which used to remind
of the country side.
•Period of 1950-70: At this point of time visitors were exploring alternatives of expensive places and the young visitors would visit places like Club Tahiti on Shaftesbury
Avenue which was affordable at that time. Tourist’s guidebooks started providing different guides to London and separate guide for women.
P1.2 Explain the structure of the travel and tourism sector
•Structure of the travel and tourism sector: The tourism sector can be broken up into different sector because it is a huge industry. These could be
categorized as mentioned below:
•Transportation: Transportation is most essential factor of tourism as it the means of reaching the destinations for tourists. People use different
types of transport service which include Airlines, Railways, Taxis, Cruise liners etc.
•Accommodation: Another important aspect of the travel and tourism sector is the accommodation. Tourists travelling away from home need a
place where they can stay and this consist of different organizations which provide accommodation with some extra services like food &
beverages and entertainment services to the visitors. Hotels, resorts, camping grounds are some examples of accommodations provided by the
organizations.
•Information and coordination: When tourists visit a new place they require some information about that place and in the tourism industry there
are many subsectors where the tourists can get important support services like: Tourists information centers, travel guide publications, tourism
authorities, tour guides etc.
•Tour operations and wholesalers: Tour operators and wholesalers hold a large place in travel and tourism sector because they provide bulk
services in the form of packages to the tourists, for example, TUI provide services which includes flight expenses, accommodations, tours,
attractions, tickets in a combined travel package. These wholesalers provide travel packages locally and for overseas destinations. A day trip to a
specific attraction or region is the tours provided by the local tour operators.
•Government: Although government is not classed as a sector of tourism industry, it has a major influence on this industry because it plays an
important role in tourism planning, advising, promotion and regulating the industry.
•Attractions: Attractions are the primary motivations for the tourists to travel. Tourists lure for attractions to travel to a destination. Many tour
operators combine different attractions into a packaged tour for the tourists while some attractions are sold as standalone tour to the tourist.
Attractions could be classified into different categories. Some are free while some comes at a price. Attractions can be segmented into:
1.Natural for e.g. parks and zoo
2.Historical e.g. Buckingham palace
3.Cultural e.g. Art galleries, theatres
4.Manmade e.g. Madam Tussads
5.Entertainment e.g. cinemas, amusement parks
•Meeting and events: Large scale corporate enterprises conduct meetings, conferences and exhibition tourism across the globe. In this competitive
industry a sector which conduct these types of events contribute significantly due to the size and cost involved in staging these events. MICE is a
term given to meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibition tourism.
•Travel Agents: We approach a travel agent when we plan to visit a new place or country because they act as an intermediary to the customers by
selling tourism services provided by other businesses. Travel agencies provide services like travel advice, ticket sales, visa information and
insurance needs by targeting different consumers like general public or corporate markets.
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