Strategic Management and Supply Chain

This assignment focuses on the relationship between strategic management theory and its application in supply chain management. It examines how strategic management principles can be used to enhance supply chain efficiency, effectiveness, and competitiveness. The assignment encourages students to critically analyze relevant theories and research findings, demonstrating their understanding of the interconnectedness between these two crucial areas of business.

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Assignment 1: Literature Review of creating an innovative business culture
Introduction
The literature review is about creating an innovative business culture. Today, number of small
organizations is unable to make profits and grow their business. It happens due to lack of
organizational management system. Therefore, these businesses needs an innovative business
culture where the culture will include implementation of innovative marketing techniques, tools,
strategies and theories. The management department needs to be strong. The managers needs to
focus on implementing management theories for the betterment of the company.
Implementation of management theory and its concept in workplace
The theories of management are implemented for increasing the service quality and productivity
of a particular organization. Theories such as contingency theory, chaos theory, system theory as
well as theory y and theory x. Most of the managers do not use a single theory during the
implementation of some theories and strategies on the workplace. Out of these theories, only
theory x and theory y are implemented to increase the productivity at workplace. The theories are
described below
System Theory: The managers who apply this theory identifies how different systems affect a
worker and how an employee affects the systems around them. Moreover, a system consists of a
variety of parts that work and operates together for accomplishing the goals of the organization.
The particular theory is a broad perspective that allows managers to investigate events and
patterns of the company. As a result, it helps the managers to synchronize programs that would
work as a collective whole for the overall mission and goal of the company rather for secluded
departments. According to Cunningham (2013), system theories are a useful application in

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determining the knowledge, skill and competence of employees. Thus, system theories are
helpful in knowledge management. Apart from it, this theory helps in creating the value in
business. When discussing the quality issues, it is important to focus the link between system
thinking and TQM. System theories are also useful for maintaining the relationship within and
outside the organization. It helps to establish communication channels, organize the flow of
information and rationalize the development of a firm aligned with all the external relationship.
In the real world, it is believed that system theories and perspectives can contribute to marketing,
service and management of an organization ("Theory first or theory last?", 2008).
Contingency Theory: Tsumoto (2009) stated that contingency theory assets that managers of an
organization make decisions concerning about the situation at hand rather than a unique method.
Besides that, a manager takes proper action regarding the aspects of most important to the
present circumstances. Also, the manager of a company wants to utilize a leadership approach
that consists of participation of workers. Contingency theory has been applied in management
accounting research for addressing three types of questions. The first question is about the fit
between the structure and control of an organization (Madanipour, 2010). The second issue is
concerned about the impact of such fits on the performance. The third is about the investigation
of multiple contingencies as well as their impact on the design of the organization. The particular
theories were developed from the sociological functionalist theories of organization structure like
the structural approaches to the organizational studies. Contingency theory is concerned with the
issues of control. Here, the issue of monitoring is examined along three main traditions such as
the psychological, sociological and administrative perspectives. Now, Sociological perspectives
are concerned with the entire organization as well as the large groups within it (Madanipour,
2010). On the other hand, organizational aspects deal with the departments and individuals of a

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company. The psychological perspectives accentuate standard goal and setting along with
rewards, feedbacks and interpersonal influence within an organization.
Theory Y and Theory X: According to this particular theory, an individual chooses to
implement is strongly prejudiced by beliefs about the attitudes of the worker. Moreover, the
managers who believe that the employees naturally lack ambition and need bonuses and
incentives for increasing the productivity of the workflow lean towards this particular theory.
According to theory Y, the employees are apparently driven and take responsibility. According
to McGregor, there are two sorts of manager: Theory Y and Theory X. On one hand, theory X
managers expect that authorities are drowsy, will avoid commitment, and need to just get by.
Theory X suppositions assume that workers must be controlled and undermined with the train.
According to HITT (2011), the managers of theory X implements an authoritarian style of
leadership. Then again, McGregor saw Theory Y administrators as those that hold doubts that
authorities consider the organization, will search for commitment, and exercise self-control.
Bobic and Davis found that most of the masses can be creative and imaginative. The specific
finding reinforces the dispute that Theory Y doubts contribute firmly toward more participative
fundamental administration, in the end benefitting the organization (Freeman, 2000).
Chaos Theory: Chaos theory is constant, and it identifies that change is unavoidable and is
rarely measured. When an organization grows, the possibility and complexity for susceptible
events increase. Moreover, the companies increase energy for maintaining the new level of
complexity. More structure is needed for stability when the particular organization spends more
energy. However, the system continues to change and evolve (Freeman, 2000). From the
financial aspect, the analyses of the chaos theory can be secluded into two sorts. One is a correct
fundamental model and the second approach is chaos theory tangibility in showing and deciding

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the financial direct. The isolated information was separated into the going with orders: Non-
linearity, strange attractors, butterfly effect, bifurcation and self-organization. There were
challenges related to the chaos theory. For example, Sellnow et al. denounced the usage of chaos
theory all things considered since it is unreasonably wide, in this way they suggested using
thoughts got from chaos theory and this proposition is in like manner used to show the results
(Ye, 2009). In company with this audit, it was promising to study chaos theory thoughts that
delineate bona fide issues and their congruity to appraise financial crisis.
The key issues in information services management
The information and service management gives an individual in-depth expertise regarding the
management and development of information-based services. Investigating key issues in
information management need the role of information professionals in adapting to the present
information environment. The issues vary from complex team to service-level problem.
According to Ojasalo (2002), the current issues are sweeping across the experts in the world
comprising the information profession. When an organization deals with service based on
information management, they face with such grave issues. Moreover, some emerging issues
have risen in recent times ranging from knowledge and information society to knowledge and
information management to professional attitudes, skills and competencies (Zawacki, 2002).
However, the employees and the organizations always resist change whether beneficial or not.
The companies also resist change even if it leads to an efficient and better system. Tapping into
these issues and having a fresh look into it for information professionals is equally essential for
information service management. A review of the contemporary literature shows that since time
devotion distinctive attempts have been made to describe these immovably related thoughts. In
this manner, it is basic to fathom the definition, difference and relationship among information,

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wisdom, knowledge and data before information management or IM and knowledge
management or KM. In any case, there is no agreement inside the literature on the agreed
definitions (Zawacki, 2002). Moreover, different makers have noted immovably that the
literature on information management and knowledge management is stacked with refinements
among data, information, knowledge and wisdom. Hence, Faucher et al. watch that the
etymological foundations of these terms uncovered some insight into the derivation of their
significance. Strikingly, the timeliest recorded utilization of each of the conditions happens in
reverse demand from their all things considered saw the level of straightforwardness according
to the traditional knowledge hierarchy: wisdom is the most settled state, and data the freshest, in
English. Now, the key issues are discussed below:
The emergence of knowledge management: The managers of the organization face challenges
regarding knowledge management. Initially, security is the main issues (Dekleva, & Zupančič,
2004). The provision of a right level of safety for knowledge management is critical. The
managers have to shield their sensitive information from most users. Easy and accessible
information are allowed to be shared with proper credentials by the organization to most users.
Moreover, during knowledge management operations the managers of the organization have to
motivate the employees regarding work. The manager has to motivate because of overcoming the
organizational challenges concerning culture and its development. It embraces sharing, changing,
learning and improving which cannot be done with the aid of technology (Dekleva, & Zupančič,
2004). The managers have to determine how knowledge should be dispensed and transferred
quickly and more efficiently. It is a huge challenge for them. They have to keep in mind about
the constant changes in organizational structures so that individuals can learn how to be smart,
agile, responsive and quick. Apart from it, the managers of a particular organization have to keep

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accurate data and also have to interpret them. Keeping current information by eliminating the old
and wrong ones is a constant battle for the managers. Additionally, the managers also take care
of the active users. It is the duty of a manager to identify and reward the active users.
Information Communication Technology: Today, technology has modernized the way people
communicate in their professional and personal lives causes potential problems. Issues such as
spending too much time online can be socially detaching, or failure to protect the computer from
hackers can lead to stealing of personal information. These problems pose a serious threat to
managers and the entire company. Cyber crime is another issue by which the cyber criminals
exploit communication technology to perpetrate identity theft as well as steal financial
information. Moreover, hackers do this by installing illegal spyware on people's computer
without their consent. They sent viruses and worms via emails and as soon as the user opened
that mail viruses and worms enters in the system and causes computers to malfunction.
Therefore, managers need to protect the information from these hackers by using anti-hacking
software which helps them not only to protect the information but also to clean the system from
junk files. Managers are also faced with challenges such as privacy. According to Dhillon &
Moores (2001), the technology raises concerns about data privacy and protection. Conversely,
sensitive information stored on a particular computer can be compromised with the help of
carelessness and gossip or by people who have a complaint against their employers.
Globalization of information services: Several major trends are affecting to globalization. It
consists of scientific, governance, demographic and economic independence. Initially,
demography is an issue to the managers of the company (Boersma, 2012). In developed
countries, it has been found that the population is increasing in developed countries. Recruitment
has a limit. The managers have to take interviews, and it is a tough job for the managers to find

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an able one from a group of supposing ten people. On the other hand, science and technology are
another factors which a manager needs to take care of. The managers use internet technology and
social networking sites for the promotion of the company. Some managers do not like social
networking, but still, they have to do it for the betterment of the enterprise. The organizations
need to follow the rules and regulation of the government of that nation for the globalization of
business (Boersma, 2012). Moreover, these trends are often independent and cannot be separated
easily. Aside from, the various factors connected with the trends in globalization has been shown
to affect the population growth which is a serious concern for the managers of a particular
company.
Marketing tools and strategies to solve complex team and service-level problem
The organizations need to solve complex team and service level by using marketing tools and
strategies. Marketing tools and marketing strategies are different from each other. A marketing
tool is used for implementing a marketing strategy. Here, marketing strategies and tools are
described below:
Making a partnership with associates: Partnerships in marketing have some advantages for
pushing a marketing campaign. Moreover, for the starters when an individual collaborates with
someone, he or she tend to deliver the better content. Based on the research of Cavicchi (2012),
partnership with associates helps in strengthening the relationship between them. Consequently,
it would be helpful for making profits with less workforce. According to Sidney Calloway,
making partner starts with a surviving loyalty to superiority in both work and art of an
individual’s practice. Sidney also recommended to make friendships and built a strong
professional network. Consequently, it will benefit them both.

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Helping customers to solve a problem: If an organization and its employees help a client who
got stuck in a problem, then the company will gain trust and loyalty from the customer's side.
Afterwards, the organization can achieve its objective of satisfying customer and thus achieve its
other business goals ("Customer-Centric Marketing Strategies: Tools for Building Organizational
Performance2014 1 Edited by Hans-Ruediger Kaufmann and Mohammad Fateh Ali Khan Panni
Customer-Centric Marketing Strategies: Tools for Building Organizational Performance
Hershey, PA IGI Global 2013 478 pp. 978-1-46662-524-2 $185.00 Hardcover", 2014).
Moreover, customer satisfaction is helpful for the promotion of a company. The satisfied
customer will recommend another customer of a rival company to use the product and services
of the particular organization. Thus, the particular organization can achieve competitive
advantage.
Using big data to target customers: Today, big data is helping the organizations to target their
potential clients. For example, a pizza chain uses data to send out coupons to their customers
who are experiencing inclement weather or power outages (Kearney, 2014). The implementation
of big data is a proper marketing strategy to predict the purchasing trends. With the help of this
information, the company can get in touch with the customers before they search for the services
or products.
Implementation of digital media: According to Liu (2015), digital media is a marketing tool
that includes SEO or search engine optimization, interactive online advertisements, mobile
marketing, online partnerships like sponsorships and affiliate marketing and opt-in email. With
the help of digital media, the organization can quickly reach to their target customers. Moreover,
the key component of a digital marketing tool is web analytic (Fazlollahtabar, & Yousefpoor,
2009). Web analytic provides information on an Internet user’s online activities. The

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organizations can hire digital media marketing agencies for engaging themselves in digital media
marketing. Consequently, the particular marketing tool will help companies to solve the service-
level problem.
Using social media: Like digital media, social media is also a marketing tool, and it is a subset
of digital media marketing. Though, the objective of social media marketing tools helps the
managers of the organization to develop a collaborative, online relationship with the clients
rather than to mine secretly for customer data ("Using ontology for goal-based query to evaluate
social media data", 2016). Some examples of social media marketing tools are tweeting,
blogging, Orkut, Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, Reddit as well as Pinterest. Social media
marketing tools help organizations solve complex team issues as well as service-level problems.
The particular marketing tools help organizations to build a strong relationship with the potential
customers.
Using Promotional items: Business cards, press kits, websites, informational videos and
merchandise all falls into the category of promotional items. These promotional items are
marketing tools, and some of these elements consist of large amounts of detailed information as
well as highly attributes of the service or products ("Using ontology for goal-based query to
evaluate social media data", 2016). Moreover, business cards and trade helps a company with an
opportunity to market abroad.
Conclusion
The implementation of innovative business culture helps an organization to gain more profits and
it also helps them to promote their brand internationally. Moreover, innovation leads to new way

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of learning. The employees will be able to learn these innovative jobs by means of advanced
technology.

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