Theories, Principles and Models in Education and Training

This presentation explores the theories, principles, and models in education and training, with a focus on communication. It discusses the definition of communication, various communication theories, types of communication, barriers to communication, and ways to improve communication. It also explains different communication models and their applications. References are provided for further reading.

Theories, Principles and Models in Education and
Training

DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is a process of exchanging and sharing ideas with each other by using a
medium. In this individuals use a common system of symbols, signs, etc. Basically it is a two
way process that involves individuals share ideas, thoughts, views, etc. generally,
communication is a means of connecting people and places.

THEORIES OF COMMUNICATION
There are various communication theories that are used. It is described below :-
Agenda setting- It states that organisations determine what population consider by deciding
how much attention a news st
Communication accommodation- This theory states that people must adjust their
communication styles. The styles can be changed in two ways that are divergence and
convergenceory gets.

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 Constructivism- It states that complex people will communicate more effectively
than others. It is because they have the ability to pursue multiple goals

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Usually, there are two types of communication. The use of type depends on content of message and
medium through which it is sent. Channel and style of communication will affect the overall
communication process. The two types of communication is as follows
Verbal communication It is a form in which message is transmitted verbally or orally to other person.
It included mouth speaking or writing on paper. For this method acronym KISS is used. It means keep it
short and simple. In this a person attitude, emotions, perception, are barriers. Verbal communication is
further divided into two types :-

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 Oral – It includes face to face , telephonic, video conversation. In this communication is influenced by
pitch, volume, tome, etc.
 Written – in this signs and symbols are used to communicate. Message can be transmitted via letter, E
mail, etc. communication is influenced by language, grammar, etc.
 Non verbal communication - It is a form of communication that is done by using gesture, body
language, etc. it is very difficult to interpret the message. It contains three elements that are
appearance, body language and sound.

EFFECTIVE OF COMMUNICATION
An effective communication is a process in which both the parties understands message.
The message is been understood, delivered and received successfully.

BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
An effective communication is affected by various barrier that are as follows :-
Semantic barriers – It is a barrier that is often created by misunderstanding of message or signs. This
happens because it becomes difficult to understand the information that is sent. It included faulty
translation, unclarified assumptions, technical jargon, etc.
Psychological barriers- this barrier occurs due to mental awareness of party. This can hinder or disturb
the communication process and message. It includes lack of attention, distrust, etc.

Cont..
 Organisational barriers- they are organisational barriers that affect communication
process. It can be rule and regulations, structure, policies, etc.
 Personal barriers – there are some personal barriers that affect communication. These are
lack of confidence, language, etc.

HOW TO IMPROVE ON COMMUNICATION
 Become a good listener- this is the first thing that can be done to improve communication.
In this person can listen what speaker is saying. It will not help in communicating but also
understanding emotions of speaker.
 Pay attention to non verbal signs – Developing the ability to understand non verbal signs
will help in understanding non verbal signs easily.

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 Keep stress at check – it means that keeping away the stress will help in effective
communication. This will enable person to understand message effectively and reverting
it.
 Assert yourself – It means assertive and direct communication will help in boosting self
confidence. This will enable person to express views in better way.

THE FIRST PERSON THAT INVENTED
COMMUNICATION CHANNEL.
 The telegraph was invented by Samuel morse in 1837. He was an American person who
invented it.

B) Explain models of communication
Different communication models can be applied in different ways. The implementation of
models depends on form and type of communication. It is because the models are based on
this. The various models can be applied by following this:
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 Aristole model – in this teacher changes communication method so that effective
communication takes place between students and teacher. It will help in provide effective
learning to students.
 Shannon and weaver model- it will help in finding out difficulties in communication
process. It is done asking students and observing them while performing task
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 Charles osgood's model- It will help in building effective relationship between student
and teacher. With this issues and problems can be solved easily. Also, it will lead to
developing effective learning environment in classrooms.
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REFERENCES:
Baran, S. J. and Baran, S., 2014. Introduction to mass communication: Media literacy and
culture, updated edition. McGraw-Hill Education.
Berkenkotter, C. and Huckin, T. N., 2016. Genre knowledge in disciplinary communication:
Cognition/culture/power. Routledge.
Habermas, J., 2015. Communication and the Evolution of Society. John Wiley & Sons.
McChesney, R. W., 2015. Rich media, poor democracy: Communication politics in dubious
times. New Press, The.
Mehrabian, A., 2017. Nonverbal communication. Routledge.
Ruesch, J., Bateson, G. and Combs, G., 2017. Communication: The social matrix of
psychiatry. Routledge.