Time of Flight Camera without Moving Parts

This report explains the working mechanism of time of flight technology and their advantages and disadvantages. It also describes the concept of demodulation and sampling. The main aim of this research is to describe the phenomena of time of flight and how this technology captures the shape of an object.

TIME OF FLIGHT CAMERA WITHOUT MOVING
PARTS

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Abstract
The time of flight is a type of method
which is used to measure the distance
between the sensor network and an
object. It is observed that a real-time
process is used to operate any digital
camera and specific camera works on
the working mechanism of time of flight.
The main aim of this research is to
describe the phenomena of time of flight
and how this technology captures the
shape of an object. The actual
measurement of 3-D required at least 10
range pictures per second that indicates
the best arrangement between theory
and observation.
Keywords: time of flight, 3-D range,
digital camera, sensor networks
Introduction
In this modern generation number of
consumers uses 3-D technology because
it provides motion of an object. A time of
flight camera is an advanced version of
3-D which can be used for long distance
detection process. In this type of process
light signals transfer between the
camera module and object and it is
completely based on the laser-based
technology (Beyl, et al., 2016). LIDAR is
a laser system which is used to capture a
complete scene with the help of laser
pulse and each laser beam reflect
information of any object on TOF
camera. The main objective of this
report is to understand the fundamental
concept of time of flight camera system.
In this technology time of flight,
phenomena are used because it is the
very efficient process to capture the
motion of any human being (Bronzi, et
al., 2016). This paper is categorized into
three parts, for example, literature
review, research methods, and data
analysis process. In this process,
infrared radiation is used to improve
the functioning of the camera and
signals are transferred with the help of
this radiation system.
Research question
1. What is the phenomenon of time
of flight technology in the camera
module?
2. What is the concept of the
concept of a real-time range
camera without moving parts?
Research hypothesis
There are the following hypotheses will
be utilized to gather the main goal and
purpose of this research:

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H0: There is no relationship between
the time of flight camera and security
H1: There is a most important
relationship between time of flight
camera and security
Literature review
Time of flight is a very latest innovation
is the field of information technology
because it increased the performance of
sensing and capturing devices. It has the
capability to provide an effective
resolution system for any photographic
picture (Corti, et al., 2016). There are
many authors that researched on this
topic and they identified that security is
a very common issue with this
technology and it cannot provide a high-
resolution image. The researcher also
observed that the main advantage of the
time of the flight process is that user can
obtain a clear depth of perception
(Fürsattel, et al., 2016). This type of
camera device is very simple and easy to
design by which many organizations are
using this technology. They are very
light in terms of weight but the
implementation cost is very high due to
which many consumers are not able to
adopt this technique. Time of flight
camera operates at a high frequency and
near-infrared radiation process.
Modulation is a process to improve the
strength of the input signal and it also
uses in this type of camera (Heide, et al.,
2015).
Laser beam divides information into the
form of pixels which is used to
determine amplitude, phase angle and
offset value. According to the author, for
this technology continuous wave
modulation method is used rather than
light pulse (Lee, and Shim, 2015). In
which the CW method find the phase
difference between two signal
waveform. The traditional time of flight
process uses a point detector and scans
the data signal with the help of a
modulated laser beam. It is identified
that to reduce distortion and noise in
the input signal sampling technique can
be used. Sampling is a process to
convert the analog signal into digital
and in which each signal is sampled at a
particular frequency (Luna, et al., 2017).
At the end of the network signal again
convert into original form with the help
of the demodulation method. Therefore,
people should adopt a modern
communication system and they can
adopt encoding and decoding
techniques to avoid noise from the
signal.

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Research methods
Introduction
The research methodology is a kind of
process which is used to gather
knowledge about any research. The
research method will include different
plans, policies, and process that will be
utilized by the author at the time of
research. In this research there are
several methods will involve such as
design analysis, data collection process,
approach and philosophy of the
investigation (Pagliari, and Pinto, 2015).
The main purpose of these methods is to
improve the efficiency of this research
and the researcher will involve some
flow charts by which readers can
understand the concept of TOF
technology. Numbers of studies and
articles will be added to this
investigation to maintain the
relationship between research title and
relevant information.
Theory and measurement
Theory Measurement
Time of flight
theory
3-D measurement
Infrared
radiation
theory
Range measurement
method
Sampling
theory
TOF MEASUREMENT
Equipment’s
To perform time of flight method there
are many equipment and components
will be used such as an amplifier,
sampling, transmitter, receiver, laser
beam, radiation system, CCD, camera,
frequency band, RF-modulated circuit,
CRO, and screen. These entire devices
will be used to develop time of flight
camera without moving part and in
which the output waveform will capture
with the help of infrared radiation.
Calibration
The researcher will use cathode ray
oscilloscope and CCD measurement
devices to calibrate time of flight
technique into digital cameras. CCD
sensors are very effective to capture the
motion of an object and researcher will
involve this process to improve the
performance of the digital camera.
Research design
In this research, a mixed research
design will be used that involve both
quantitative and qualitative method. In
qualitative analysis method information
will be collected from a different
process like a book, journal articles, and
literature review. In this research, the
author will use a survey based process

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to collect information from writers and
people to understand their opinion on
the field of time of flight (Rozantsev,
Lepetit, and Fua, 2017). Quantitative
process collects data from various
graphs, charts, and data presentation
and the researcher will use previous
research data and statistics on the topic
of time of flight.
Data collection method
Data collection method is the very
common process to gather and collect
all information about the research and
author used the mixed method to
explain the concept of time of flight
(Salau, et al., 2017). In this research
primary and secondary methods are
used and primary data collection
process includes survey, focus group,
interview, and observation. In
secondary data, method information is
collected with the help of various
resources like books, journals, peer-
reviewed articles, and online websites.
In this research writer, data will be
collected by conducting a survey to
investigate the advantages and
disadvantages of TOF technology.
Moreover, a secondary type of data is
collected through a literature review.
Block diagram of a method
Figure: a research method
(Source: Senouci, et al., 2016)
Data analysis
The data analysis technique is used by
the author to describe both primary and
secondary process to understand the
principle of time of flight process. There
are many procedures through which
data or information can be analyzed
such as statistical, content analysis, data
presentation, and discloser process. In
this research author used statistical
analysis and data presentation method
to capture the image of any human
being by using time of flight camera.
With the help of this method, the author
can be enabled to depict the information
from different sources like charts,
graphs, and comparison tables.
Microsoft software is used to interpret
the outcomes through charts and
graphs. Data analysis method provides a
platform to understand the working

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mechanism of any research topic and it
also produces more effective data by
tables, and charts.
Expected outcomes
The outcome of this research wo9uld
aid to improve the knowledge about the
time of flight camera and it is also
observed that author explained the
concept of demodulation and sampling
(Shrestha, et al., 2016). This research
report will aid to generate a clear
concept about research concern and will
address the strength and weakness of
this technology. Moreover, there are few
drawbacks of this innovation for
example, less effective, more costly, and
take more time to recognize any image.
All these factors may directly impact the
phenomena of time of flight.
Conclusion
Time of flight is one of the advanced
developments in communication
technology and most the digital cameras
use this technology. This method is
completely based on the modulation
and 2-D array and in which a picture
divided into two or more pixels and
each pixel find the amplitude of the
input signal. This report explained the
working mechanism of time of flight
technology and their advantages and
disadvantaged. The pixel structure is
very capable to improve the
performance of the sampling process
and it is identified that this technology
does not require any moving part for the
camera. Modulation is a process to
modulate the amplitude of the input
wave and in this report, the concept of
sampling is also described. Therefore,
consumers should adopt this technology
because it is more effective and flexible
to capture the motion of any human and
it can be used for the security of
personal data.
Future work
Although there is a research gap in this
research project in terms of depth
analysis research issue and insufficient
sample size. Hence, research will avoid
these gaps in future to produce the
reliable and more accurate outcome and
research can also use high sample size
in future work. With the help of these
things a researcher can enhance the
knowledge about the time of
Time Plan
The time plan is a type of practice which
is used to provide the outline of the
research study and it demonstrates the
various kinds of practice that will be
applied to gain the objective of this

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research. There are following steps and
research plan can be used for this
investigation:
Activities that would be applied Days for research completion
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Selection of research topic
Design the purpose and goal
regarding research
Data gathering by data collection
methods
Design of survey through
questionnaire
Sample selection with an
appropriate tool
Data assessment and discussion
Final drafting
Submission of report

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References
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Corti, A., Giancola, S., Mainetti, G., and
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