Tissue Engineering Article 2022

Running head: TISSUE ENGINEERING
HUMAN STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION- LAB report
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:

TISSUE ENGINEERING1
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Aim and Objectives....................................................................................................................3
Aim.........................................................................................................................................3
Objectives...............................................................................................................................3
Materials and Methodology.......................................................................................................4
Materials required..................................................................................................................4
Method...................................................................................................................................4
Expected Conclusion..................................................................................................................5
Potential Pitfalls.........................................................................................................................6
Bibliography...............................................................................................................................8

TISSUE ENGINEERING2
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cell that is usually found in the
bone marrow that is used for repairing of the skeletal tissues that include bone, cartilage and
fats. It is composed of a small fraction of the cells in the bone marrow and the researchers
have been able to isolate MSCs and studied in an in-depth manner (Caplan, 2017). As per the
recent studies, it had been suggested that these cells are crucial for the creation of a niche
environment or a shelter for blood stem cells, which forms the large fraction of cell in the
bone marrow. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are non-haematopoietic and
multipotent stem cells that have the capacity to differentiate into mesodermal lineage known
as adipocytes osteocytes, chondrocytes and ectodermal and endodermal lineages. These cells
are not only present in the fetal tissue but are found in many adults tissues with some
exceptions (Chen et al., 2016). The most efficient population of MSCs have been reported
from the bone marrow. It can be stated that the ability of hMSC to differentiate into
osteoblasts was examined through the usage of osteogenic induction medium cultures. It can
be seen that these cells attached to the surface of the dish and thus, demonstrate fibroblast-
like spindle shapes that after the process of proliferation takes the shape of cubes. The
process of differentiation of the stem cells has been visualised in both in vivo and in vitro
experiment. The process was performed where the stem cells were kept in the media for a
long and replaced by induction of different by a special media (Rutkovskiy et al., 2016). The
osteoblast (HOB) is the specialised fibroblast that secretes as well as mineralise on the bone
matrix. Thus, they develop from the precursor of the mesenchymal cells. The extracellular
matrix of the mineralised cells is composed of type II collagen and a small amount of
osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, matrix GLA protein, osteopontin, BMPs, inorganic mineral