The Evolution of Wearable Technology

This paper discusses the evolution of wearable technology, including its benefits and drawbacks, economic effects, ethical considerations, and public opinion. It also explores the future of virtual reality. The document type is an essay, and the type of assignment is a research paper. The subject is technology, and the course code and name are not mentioned. The college/university is not mentioned.

Title Page
The Evolution of Wearable Technology
(By Wilfrid Homere)

The Evolution of Wearable Technology
Abstract
Today, wearable technology has been given to us as an additional tool that many have
people perceived to be of great use. Various organizations are starting to use this technology to
their advantage. Their approach for employing this technology can be for different reasons such
as to provide a different way of communication or for assisting them with their various tasks.
According to various researches, wearable technology has impacted the lives of many
individuals as well as various organizations. It is also interesting to note that many individuals seem
to be relying on wearable devices to either improve their health or for other reasons they see fit. As
people continue to depend on this technology, various organizations also continue to see this
technology as an added tool which contributes in how they communicate with their business,
acquaintances among other things.
The goal of this paper is to discuss the evolution of wearable technologies which involves
these following points:
 To provide a general discussion of this technology in terms of what it does and how it
works
 To point out its benefit and drawbacks,
 To discuss the positive economic effect of this technology
 To discuss the potential ethical consideration.
 Public opinion on wearable devices
 The political implication and influences that play an ethical role in the acceptance of this
technology
This paper will also discuss the Virtual reality, which is a type of wearable technology, along
with the future application of it in the field of business analytics. Virtual Reality is the most
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luxurious approach towards the enhancement in the technological world. The overall strategy
may be seen over the gaming world, but this advancement has taken command over many fields
ranging from military to medical treatment. This discussion focuses on these following areas:
 Historical or previous trends
 Future direction and roadmap of this technology
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Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................5
Application trends:.......................................................................................................................6
Advantages of application trends:...............................................................................................6
Disadvantages of wearable technologies:....................................................................................8
Current or potential ethical considerations:.....................................................................................9
Positive or Negative economic effects:.........................................................................................12
Current or potential ethical considerations:...................................................................................14
Public opinion on the technology:.................................................................................................15
Political implication & influences that play an ethical role in the acceptance of this technology:
.......................................................................................................................................................18
Effectiveness of the initial planning and risk assessment:............................................................19
Virtual Reality...............................................................................................................................20
Past Trends of Virtual Reality.......................................................................................................20
Future Direction and Roadmap of VR Technology.......................................................................22
Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................23
References:....................................................................................................................................25
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Introduction:
When comparing many years back to the present time, we can quickly consider
the fact technology is changing the business landscape. Because of this evolution, today, we have
the luxury of using mobile devices, such as cell phone, tablets, and PCs, which have allowed us
to do more than we could ever imagine in the past decades. Various companies have already
exploited these different devices as an alternative way to communicate with their colleagues and
clients to meet their business objectives. As technology continues to evolve, there is a demand
for more of it. Companies and consumers alike are demanding better products or services to
make their lives even more comfortable. As a result, today, we have what is known as wearable
technology which helps meet some of these demands. It would not be surprising for some
people to wonder what wearable technology is and how it works. Although we recognize the
name provides a hint of what it is, that does not tell much about it. As the name suggests,
wearable technology is a device you wear; however, there are significant differences (Sung,
2015). One important thing to note is that many of these devices can be connected to the
Internet, through your wi-fi, to allow you to communicate with other people or systems, browse
the internet as you would typically do on a smartphone or PC.
This paper will also talk about the Virtual Reality. Virtual Reality is the process of
computerized simulation of a three-dimensioned environment where a person can have a realistic
experience of that particular simulated environment physically with the help of devices such as
headsets or sensor fitted gloves (Berg & Vance, 2017). This technology is gaining huge
popularity among the gamers as it let the players be in the situation where they can have an
experience as if they are inside that gaming arena. The focus of this report is to discuss the
historical or previous trends of Virtual Reality and its future course of application. The report
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will consider Virtual Reality accessories as the associative part for the fulfillment of the
discussion.
Application trends:
Most wearables are wrist-worn, however, an expanding number can be attached to the
body and stuck around the neck. Wearables are rapidly mixing with jewelry, and are worn in
similar fashion (Sung, 2015). For example, one of these wearable devices can be a digital watch
which serves for various purposes. Aside of its primary goal of helping you to keep track of the
time, as Sung, (2015) indicated, it will also “help you to achieve goals such as staying fit, active,
losing weight or being more organized,” among other things. Another type of wearable device
can be glasses that you can wear to have a better visualization of certain objects in a specific
location. In terms of how wearable devices work, head-mounted display and glasses, for
example, can have cameras connected to their components to allow you to track and monitor
movements of specific objects (Marabut, 2017). Likewise, sensors can be connected to those
gadgets to allow you to monitor movements in a location (Marabut, 2017). Many of these
sensors are capable of tracking motion, movement of the brain, heart, and muscle (Marabut,
2017). Small computers are also integrated inside some wearable devices in the same manner
smartphones contains small chips inside of them, to allow you to interact with other objects in
the location (Marabut, 2017).
Advantages of application trends:
With this revolutionized technology, wearable gadgets such as smartwatches, smart
glasses, smart ID badges, and activity tracker that have been pushed out to the general public
appears to resonate well with numerous organizations. Based on research, “81 percent of the
2,400 U.S.-based CIO’s surveys expect wearable computing devices such as watches and glasses
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to become common workplace tools” (Violino, 2015). The explanation behind this is
straightforward: wearable devices seems to be doing a great job at improving our lives more
significantly, given their efficiency in meeting our various needs. As Violino (2015)
acknowledges, wearable gadgets are probably going to wind up the tool. It's getting to be one of
the hot new patterns in corporate innovation: wearables the work environment (Violin0, 2015).
More workers are utilizing gadgets such as smartwatches, Health monitors and
augmented reality glasses (Violino, 2015). Accordingly, IT and business officials need to think
about the advantages just as the difficulties of enabling representatives to utilize these
innovations at work (Violino, 2015). As experts have identified, one of the various advantages
of the wearables is that they can help make employees progressively effective in situations where
seconds and minutes matter (Violino, 2015). With these gadgets, "Individuals don't have to stop
what they are doing to check a screen" (Violino, 2015). From the perspective of business
efficiency and quality of work, according to Cohen (2016), wearable technology include the
following advantages:
 High tech associations are publicizing the utilization of these cool devices to pull in and
enlist the new millennial workforce, who we realize demand that this forefront innovation
be available in their work environment.
 Numerous associations are supportive of and notwithstanding providing wristband
screens, for example, Fitbit™, to their representatives, at last taking into account a more
advantageous workforce and diminished therapeutic services expenses to the business.
 Remote field specialists are utilizing smart glasses to take pictures and even record
videos which are expanding performance and settling on resolving a large number of
their difficulties a lot quicker.
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 Repair workers utilize smart glasses in extremely remote areas; being sans hands-free
enable them more prominent portability in tight spaces.
 Employees that need the utilization of two hands are utilizing smart glasses so they can
see guidelines or get help from managers as they lead high-risk assignments.
 Doctors and surgeons can wear savvy glasses for real-time counseling when they need a
“second opinion.”
 Managers can utilize smart glasses to video record and analyze employee performance.
They can assess a mechanical production system employee’s procedure and mentor and
tutor their representatives from the data assembled.
In fact, hospital staffs (medical caretakers and specialists) have already been using gadgets such
as smart eyewear for improving how they access their patients’ record (Laudon, 2018, p. 183).
Additionally, given the fact smartwatches are fit for sending/receiving email, instant message,
calendar alert, and have other important features that can be considered business related, as
professional recognize, various companies are already using these features to be more
competitive. So, based on all these considerations, I think many organizations have reasons to be
excited about wearable technology.
Disadvantages of wearable technologies:
While wearable devices are beneficial to many organizations, these devices have their
disadvantages. As Cohen, Nancy (2016) has pointed out, the fear is "all about espionage— the
covert and sometimes illegal practice of investigating competitors to gain a business advantage.”
Wearables devices can empower corporate agents to gather privileged exchange insights,
prohibitive rights for formulas, marketable techniques for new products, plans for improving
forms or other secret data (Cohen, 2016). On the opposite side of the coin, there is likewise a fear
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of workers wearing certain wearable technology such as smartwatches, which can be used to
record meeting dialogues, or to connect those devices into an organization system, potentially
letting viruses or malware into the organization's network (Cohen, 2016). Furthermore, secret
organization data or property could be downloaded onto the gadget presenting the organization
to the danger of data infringements (Cohen, 2016). This could incorporate client or seller data,
social security numbers, locations or credit card numbers (Cohen, 2016).
In recognition of the bad side of wearable technology, which clearly has to do with a
security concern, I think a company that finds wearable technology attractive for its premises
should consider having a good plan in place before using the technology. As Cohen (2016)
concurs, to take this approach, an organization must come up with a comprehensive policy that
will speak about the behavior that is expected from its employees for using any of those devices.
Additionally, appropriate training needs to be considered for all staffs at every level (Cohen,
2016). These measures are essential to, at least, mitigate the privacy risk situation and any
potential damage to companies’ system.
Current or potential ethical considerations:
Many people and organizations alike are taken advantage of wearable technology to meet
their particular needs. Based on research, wearable devices have had a remarkable effect on
health care for both patients and suppliers, and it's reasonable to say this impact will continue as
the innovation keeps on progression (Wearable devices, 2016). Wearable devices are not merely
Fitbit and Apple watch that are known to do a decent job at counting the steps people take or the
calories they consume during the day, but wearable technology is now developing into things
such as “implantable” software that counteracts seizures and small, “ingestible” PCs that
mechanically gather and transfer information to doctors (Wearable devices, 2016). The
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development of shopper sensors in health care is a major win, considering how that diminishes
the weight of information assemblage (Wearable devices, 2016). The fewer inquiries we need to
make, the better (Wearable devices, 2016). Purchaser sensors and self-evaluations are only the
beginning of numerous “combinable” innovations that will lessen the time required to gather
important results information (Wearable devices, 2016). Passive information gathering likewise
enhances the “doctor-patient experience,” prompting to more familiar dialogue among doctors
and whom they assist (Wearable devices, 2016).
As experts predict, wearable devices are changing the healthcare economic. There are two kinds
of wearable gadgets: the ones doctors recommend for monitoring explicit information and the
ones customers purchase for tracking extensive data such as sleep quality, heart rate and degree
of movement (Wearable devices, 2016). Both of these device categories are exceedingly
prevalent, and in 2013 the market for every wearable gadget was around $5 billion. By 2021, the
market is anticipated to surpass $17 billion (Wearable devices, 2016).
As the market progresses, wearable innovation will have an undeniably huge effect on healthcare
services in two major fields:
• Transition of payment models: The change to value-based payment models will depend
on a blend of “objective measurement and subjective interpretation” (Wearable devices, 2016).
The most limited way to gathering “objective data is passive collection” utilizing the client
wearable gadgets (Wearable devices, 2016).
• Commoditization of health assessments: Proposed wearables will likewise help make
health evaluations – like blood pressure diagnosis and blood panel screening – an aggressive,
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“direct-to-patient market” (Wearable devices, 2016). The flood of commoditized information
will incredibly help medical "decision-making" and put us on the way to another period in
healthcare– one when evidence-based, personalized medicine is standard (Wearable devices,
2016).
As the Healthcare industry moves toward value-based payments over "fee-for-service models,"
suppliers will require to gather as much patient-detailed information as needed to maintain
(Wearable devices, 2016). Wearables gather this information inactively, making it simpler to
meet Merit-Based Incentive Payment System and Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization
Act rules for patient-detailed result processes (Wearable devices, 2016). The more patients draw
in with recommended and customer-accessible wearable gadgets, the more educated and
involved they become in their own healthcare (Wearable devices, 2016). This won't just improve
doctor and patient connections, but also produce a fresh economic model to coordinate the
changing scene of significant valued-based medicinal services (Wearable devices, 2016).
Having a comprehensive source of objective patient information can help hospitals save
money and enhance their quality of care in a variety of ways—some of which include the
following:
1. Have a robust framework to gather and report information with insignificant staff assets:
Passive information accumulation and reporting can diminish costs just if a strong foundation is
driving it (Wearable devices, 2016). Web administrations can assist with the automation
procedure to decrease the need for staff resources (Wearable devices, 2016).
2. Integrate admonitions to counteract readmissions and futile treatments: Wearables are as
of now being utilized to avoid readmissions by enhancing post-operative care management
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(Wearable devices, 2016). Passive data accumulation empowers physicians to concentrate on
patients that have a warning sign of readmission, for example, side effects of treatment
disappointment, to make post-operative care increasingly productive (Wearable devices, 2016).
Positive or Negative economic effects:
As experts predict, wearable devices are changing the healthcare economic. There are two kinds
of wearable gadgets: the ones doctors recommend for monitoring explicit information and the
ones customers purchase for tracking extensive data such as sleep quality, heart rate and degree
of movement (Wearable devices, 2016). Both of these device categories are exceedingly
prevalent, and in 2013 the market for every wearable gadget was around $5 billion. By 2021, the
market is anticipated to surpass $17 billion (Wearable devices, 2016).
As the market progresses, wearable innovation will have an undeniably huge effect on healthcare
services in two major fields:
• Transition of payment models: The change to value-based payment models will depend
on a blend of “objective measurement and subjective interpretation” (Wearable devices, 2016).
The most limited way to gathering “objective data is passive collection” utilizing the client
wearable gadgets (Wearable devices, 2016).
• Commoditization of health assessments: Proposed wearables will likewise help make
health evaluations – like blood pressure diagnosis and blood panel screening – an aggressive,
“direct-to-patient market” (Wearable devices, 2016). The flood of commoditized information
will incredibly help medical "decision-making" and put us on the way to another period in
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healthcare– one when evidence-based, personalized medicine is standard (Wearable devices,
2016).
As the Healthcare industry moves toward value-based payments over "fee-for-service models,"
suppliers will require to gather as much patient-detailed information as needed to maintain
(Wearable devices, 2016). Wearables gather this information inactively, making it simpler to
meet Merit-Based Incentive Payment System and Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization
Act rules for patient-detailed result processes (Wearable devices, 2016). The more patients draw
in with recommended and customer-accessible wearable gadgets, the more educated and
involved they become in their own healthcare (Wearable devices, 2016). This won't just improve
doctor and patient connections, but also produce a fresh economic model to coordinate the
changing scene of significant valued-based medicinal services (Wearable devices, 2016).
Having a comprehensive source of objective patient information can help hospitals save money
and enhance their quality of care in a variety of ways—some of which include the following:
1. Have a robust framework to gather and report information with insignificant staff assets:
Passive information accumulation and reporting can diminish costs just if a strong foundation is
driving it (Wearable devices, 2016). Web administrations can assist with the automation
procedure to decrease the need for staff resources (Wearable devices, 2016).
2. Integrate admonitions to counteract readmissions and futile treatments: Wearables are as
of now being utilized to avoid readmissions by enhancing post-operative care management
(Wearable devices, 2016). Passive data accumulation empowers physicians to concentrate on
patients that have a warning sign of readmission, for example, side effects of treatment
disappointment, to make post-operative care increasingly productive (Wearable devices, 2016).
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Current or potential ethical considerations:
While the wearable technology seems to be very promising, in terms of the economic
impact it is anticipated to have on the healthcare industry, there is also a privacy concern that's
worth noting. Based on research, wearable processing gadgets deprived of appropriate security
and authentication frameworks set up are susceptible to attack (Wearable Computing –
Challenges, 2014). Wearable gadgets that have been tampered with can put not just someone’s
personal data and reputation in danger yet their wellbeing equally (Wearable Computing –
Challenges, 2014). For instance, spying and masquerade of a wearable gadget responsible for
controlling insulin could result in critical ramifications for the person's wellbeing (Wearable
Computing – Challenges, 2014). As one reporter puts it, “your personal data security is only as
strong as the weakest link in your quantified self-ecosystem” (Wearable Computing –
Challenges, 2014). This security threat not only can hurt individuals but to companies as well.
As Goodwin, Bill (2014) has reported, “wearable technology is creating new privacy headaches
for employers, a leading law firm has warned.” Innovations, for example, Google Glass and
smart watches are progressively entering the working environment; however, the invasive
features of these gadgets, which could be utilized by workers to take secrete photo or recordings,
are ringing alerts among certain businesses (Goodwin, 2014). One of the examples Goodwin
provides is that a representative in a disciplinary activity could utilize a wearable gadget to
furtively record a business gathering—and then proceed to use the recording in a legal hearing.
The Companies and individuals alike should educate themselves with the risk involved
using wearable devices in order to decide on the best approach to protect their privacy if they
choose to use them. For the general public, besides ensuring their devices are harden with
security software, one step they might want to take to safeguard their gadgets is to be mindful
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about the type of information they share with others. Revealing sensitive information, such as
social security, private medical records among other things, can put a person more at risk,
considering the fact hackers are always looking to steal peoples' information. On the business
side, as researchers agree, if companies need to allow the utilization of wearable devices in their
premises, they should have clear guidelines in place to rule on the employee’s approach to using
those devices. Part of these guidelines might include the workers’ acceptance to let company
manages these devices to limit their employees’ ability to use those gadgets for non-business
purposes. As researchers have identified, one strategy for exploring new moral waters is a code
of ethics (Bourgeois, 2014). A code of ethics is a report that plots a set of tolerable behaviors for
an expert or a social gathering; for the most part, it is consented to by all individuals from the
group (Bourgeois, 2014). The report subtleties diverse activities that are viewed as proper and
wrong (Bourgeois, 2014). Hence, having an appropriate strategy that is understood and agreed
upon by all workers, a company will at least be able to lessen any ethical problem that might
arise from the use of wearable technologies.
Public opinion on the technology:
As experts commonly agree, wearable technology speaks to one of the most recent
headings in equipment advancement. A wearable gadget alludes to a wearable small-scale
electronic device that does not impact the everyday movements of the client while observing the
specific amount of relevance (e.g., air quality, radiation presentation, pulse) or potentially giving
therapeutics [heart pacing, insulin mixture] (Jia et Al., 2018). As of now, common wearable
gadgets incorporate smart wristbands (I, e., the Fitbit), smart watches (I, e., the Apple Watch),
smart glasses (I, e., Google Glass), and virtual reality/augmented reality (AR) devices [I, e.,
Microsoft HoloLens] (Jia et Al., 2018). Wearable gadgets, which are furnished with inventive
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highlights, result from technological advances in hardware performance and computational
theory, with innovative user interactions, computational speeds, and content support (PeerJ,
2018). Based on this recognition, wearable gadgets have pulled in much consideration in the
market and have numerous potential applications, especially in healthcare; and the market for
wearable gadgets is developing rapidly (Jia et Al., 2018). This perception is undoubtedly
reflected in the popularity of these devices.
Today, professionals are convinced that wearable devices have greater prospects in practical
applications such as real-time signs of health risks and AR experiences (Jia et Al., 2018).
According to Eramo, Lisa (2017), improving one's health is the primary motivation behind why
individuals buy a wearable, yet just 15 percent of doctors have stated they've talked about
wearables or health applications with patients (Eramo, 2017). Given the expansion of
smartwatches, activity bands, and other health wearables, it's most likely harmless to accept that
wearable gadgets have achieved the desired "tipping point" amongst shoppers ready for health
acumens (Eramo, 2017). Over the most recent two years, reception of health wearables in the
United States has dramatically increased, and over 75 million Americans will utilize a movement
tracker by 2021; however, just 15 percent of doctors state they've examined wearables or health
applications with patients (Eramo, 2017). Based on the article “Will wearable devices make us
healthier.” (2019), Health and life-insurance organizations assume wearable gadgets can really
improve the health of the clients. The article explains that these companies are progressively
endorsing the cost of scope of wearables, incorporating devices from Fitbit, Garmin, and Polar.
According to the report, Aetna and UnitedHealthcare, two large American Health insurers, lately
made an arrangement that financed the cost of Apple's expensive watch. Clients of different
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underwriters, eager to transfer their data activity, can get a rebate on health or life insurance [the
more vigorous they are, the better the financial reward] (Will wearable devices make us
healthier, 2019).
Even though the application projections are expanding for wearable gadgets, a few people still
have worries about these gadgets, especially their convenience (Jia et Al., 2018). Highlights
about wearable gadgets other than ease of use were widely researched, for example, their
dependability and precision assessment (Jia et Al., 2018). As Jia et Al., 2018 has reported,
common wearable gadgets can dependably quantify pulse, the number of steps, distance, and
length of sleep, however, the estimation precision of vitality utilization is as yet insufficient.
Speaking to this issue, Hawley Montgomery-Downs, Ph.D., an associate professor of psychology
at West Virginia University and researcher who was initially positive about wearable devices and
their capacity to monitor sleep did some investigation (Eramo, 2017). Her exploration found that
albeit a few wearables were extremely precise at recognizing when somebody was sleeping, they
were simply half accurate at distinguishing when that same person was wakeful (Eramo, 2017).
For instance, they don't record moderately short “awakenings,” says Montgomery-Downs; so,
this makes it hard to effectively determine somebody to have “sleep apnea” who awakens for 10-
15 seconds each couple of minutes (Eramo, 2017). Studies demonstrate that errors don't merely
apply to sleep health information (Eramo, 2017). For instance, specialists at Stanford found that
seven mainstream wearable fitness trackers had a blunder rate of over 20% when it came to
estimating calories consumed (Eramo, 2017). Aside from the inaccuracy concerns, other
people have different views on wearable technology. For example, as Jia et Al., 2018 has
pointed out, there is the recognition that increasingly wearable gadgets may result in busy
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communication, the security of individual data is a significant issue in the system condition, and
information hacking may hurt the client's physical and psychological wellness.
Political implication & influences that play an ethical role in the acceptance of
this technology:
Understandably, things have not remained the same. Today, as most researchers have discovered,
wearable devices have been improved, and further improvement will continue as our current
technology continues to evolve. As Tozer, Daniel (2015) has indicated, in the wake of being
hyped as "the next big thing" for quite a while, wearable innovation has caught the consideration
of the buyer. Based on this perception, Tozer has proposed that designers and advertiser should
seriously ponder from a "lawful" and administrative point of view if they're creating or utilizing
wearables. Data security is a key thought for those producing for or fabricating wearable
innovation as the gadgets can offer unequaled experiences into a person's movement (Tozer,
2018). To give these experiences, the device (or an application introduced on the gadget) should
gather data on the person (Tozer, 2018). The individuals who control this data must be aware of
commitments forced by data protection law (Tozer, 2018). Surprisingly, legal issues were for
quite a while not considered as a client acknowledgment factor of significant pertinence for
wearable frameworks; instead, accentuation has been put on criteria like wear-capacity,
convenience, design, usefulness, and cost (Mathys, 2014). This approach has considerably
changed meanwhile because of the by-and-large expanded consciousness of security issues
(Mathys, 2014). While data security might be considered being the most critical test and
hindrance confronted by wearable innovation, other lawful issues exist. Because of its
characteristics, wearable computing obliges numerous difficulties and dangers to data security
(Mathys, 2014).
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Wearable technology, as most experts agree, deals with the processing of data, or it can belong to
an outsider, etc. regardless of whose data is involved, the information will be processed. As
Mathys, Roland (2014) has commented, the difference is significant predominantly for one
reason: Data handling exercises embraced by wearable gadgets can be legitimized in many
locales by the person's permission which might be express (for example by opting-in) or inferred.
Such (educated) assent can regularly just be given by the wearer and client of a wearable gadget,
not by outsiders who frequently may not know about their own information being “processed”
(Mathys, 2014). Tozer (2015) observed that "Processing" is characterized so comprehensively by
the enactment that practically any movement you could consider (comprising of simply gathering
or storing) will establish processing. The existing law just forces commitments on data
controllers, different substances who simply process personal information as per another's
guidelines are "data processors" and won't presently be liable to any commitments, albeit
approaching EU enactment is probably going to improve this condition (Tozer, 2018). Tozer
acknowledges that the important enactment "kicks in" when personal information is involved. As
he explains, personal data is anything through which it is conceivable to recognize a person,
regardless of whether through that information alone or in the mix with other information
handling the "data controller" (the substance who chooses the reasons for which personal data is
prepared.
Effectiveness of the initial planning and risk assessment:
As (Tozer, 2018) proposed, data controllers must conform to eight data security standards
embark on in the pertinent enactment. The primary guideline necessitates that personal
information must be handled "fairly and lawfully" (Tozer, 2015). To conform to this guideline,
data controllers must give those whose personal data they handle with some specific information
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(Tozer, 2015). This communication must tell the person who the data controller is, what
information is being gathered, and what this information will be utilized for (Tozer, 2015).
Except if the handling is "important" for one of the constrained reasons specified in the
enactment, the data controller must acquire the person's permission to the processing (Tozer,
2015). The agreement must be unreservedly given, explicit, well-versed, definite, and the
individual must be given the alternative to "opt-out" of the handling (Tozer, 2015). Where
"sensitive" personal data is prepared (for example, health data), the agreement must be
unequivocal [for example the individual should plainly "opt-in" to the handling through some
constructive activity.] (Tozer, 2015).
Virtual Reality
The sector of Computer games has evolved a lot in the past few years. Better graphics,
simulation of real-life scenarios and activities, smooth controls has been among the necessities of
a gamer. Virtual Reality is something that is considered to be a luxury in the world of gaming
(Dixon, 2018). Simulation of a real-life scenario through three-dimensioned images of it is the
area of expertise for VR (Virtual Reality). This technology lets the gamer have live experience of
the gaming environment as if the player is present in it with the help of some accessories like
headsets (or goggles) with in-built screen (looks like a blindfold) and gloves fitted with sensors
and other devices with sensors (Zhang et al., 2019). Commonly, all of these components are
known as VR gears. Inputs are given from the computers through HDMI cable or in some of the
devices; the information is directly fed into the Smartphone that is slotted inside the VR goggles
(Spohn et al., 2016). Between the eye of the user and the screen, there is the lens that is mainly to
adjust the distance between the screen and eye, and it changes accordingly for different users
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(Stevens et al., 2018). The use of Virtual Reality is not only limited to the gaming world but also
used in the fields of military, sport, medical training, mental health, and education too.
Past Trends of Virtual Reality
The conceptualization of VR started from the mid-1960 with the attempt from Ivan
Sutherland to take an attempt towards describing VR as the window through which the user can
have a perception of the virtual world regarding how it looks, feels and sounds (Akşit et al.,
2017). In the later period that is from the '90s, several definitions of VR have been formulated.
Some described it as an illusion, and some said it is an interactive graphics comprised of 3D
models. The first among the applications regarding VR was done in the year 1962, when Morton
Heilig did the construction of Sensorama, providing a simulation of the running of a motorcycle
through Brooklyn (Warren, 2018). The same year is followed by Ivan Sutherland’s creation of
The Ultimate Display that provided with interactive graphics that Sensorama lacked. The '70s is
associated with the invention of VIDEOPLACE by Myron Krueger, which is associated with the
capturing of body figures by cameras and projection of it on the screen (Montenegro, 2015). In
1982, the first flight simulator was created by US’ Air Force named as VCASS (Visually
Coupled Airborne System Simulator) and in this simulator, the pilot can control the targets and
the pathways with the help of an HMD (Head-Mounted Display) (Elevstad, 2016). Fake Space
Labs created a Binocular–Omni-Orientational Monitor (BOOM) in the period of the end of the
'80s, which included a stereoscopic displaying device resulting in a broad and moving virtual
environment with a mechanical arm-tracking system (Elevstad, 2016). DataGlove in 1985 by
VPL facilitated the identification of hand gestures, the flexibility of the fingers and its position
and orientation by gloves equipped with sensors (Nandanikar, Nagmode & Annadate, 2015).
With the collaboration of BOOM and DataGlove NASA Ames Research Centre developed the
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Virtual Wind Tunnel that researched about and manipulated the airflow in a virtual airplane or
spaceship. In 1992, CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment produced by Electronic Visualisation
Laboratory of the University of Illinois provided much more immersive VR through projection
by directing the projectors on three or more walls in a room. Later in the course of VR
application, many videogames companies did put along with their interest and many games are
developed till to date providing a comprehensive view with low latency. Eye tracking systems
and orientation and motion sensors are also accompanied by HMD devices.
Future Direction and Roadmap of VR Technology
The future direction and the roadmap for VR technology that is being estimated in this
report are of the year 2030. The estimation that has been done for the year 2030 is to have its
application in the field of business analytics. Only this mentioned field is still out of the reach of
VR technology. VR technology has its own business, but VR technology in business is
something that could be aspired for the future. The summation of the ideas that could be
forwarded for the advancement of VR technology could be said as the creation and usage of
high-end electronic devices that will process the descriptions for the activity of analyzing the
business parameters within the built environment, which will consider all the perspectives of the
life cycle of the business processes. A test-process could be run within the built environment,
considering with all the stakeholders of this particular environment (owners, designers, supply-
chain, users, etc.) to check the development that is required, such as the design of the
environment, the testing of the functionality, the rehearsal of the platform. This is also for
procuring and maintaining the facilities which will let the system work with concurrency and
integration, retaining high value, usable and with low impact on the environment. Hence, the
future direction has to be focussed on the business analysis in the corporate world where a
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simulation of the exact environment will be built comprising of all the business-related scenarios,
risks and implementations so that the whole system could be tested based on real data and
situations.
The advent of the standard object model of structural members and building components
would assist the designing and modeling of VR by 2030 as a much simpler approach. With the
development in environment and global standards, client and user requirements will be much
easier to be captured by the usage of immersive 3D usage and natural interfaces, and there will
be a great mixture of AR (Augmented Reality) usage. The shift from using 2D CAD to 3D
visualization will enable the whole construction process to be visualized that will let the
simulation and testing of various scenarios inside a VR environment before the decisions
regarding the investments are made. A partial integration of the supply chain will take place in
the whole process of construction that will be a result of adopting the methodology of modular
construction and also due to increment in standardization.
Conclusion:
From the above discussion, the report can be concluded with the understanding that the
Today, wearable gadgets are undeniably attracted by many organizations—mostly in the
healthcare industry. The collection of sensitive data of patients can be problematic if the data
falls into the wrong hands. Fortunately, the HIPPA guideline includes provisional ruling which
helps to protect patients’ information that is gathered by a “doctor-provided wearable device.”
(Greenstone, 2018). In retrospect, sellers should think about including a “warning label” in those
devices to inform the purchaser whether or not the gadget is HIPAA consistent. However, buyers
today appear to be increasingly inspired by the medical advantages of wearable gadgets, as
opposed to security (Greenstone, 2018). In fact, Fitbit was not a HIPAA-consistent gadget until
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September 2015, although the organization sold almost 11 million devices in 2014 (Greenstone,
2018). Luckily, probably the most prominent tech organizations have endeavored to guarantee
their gadgets are HIPAA-agreeable (Greenstone, 2018). Today, Samsung wearable gadgets meet
HIPAA consistency with its implicit Knox security platform and the Apple Watch utilizes
HealthKit to guarantee a client's information is shared safely (Greenstone, 2018). VR has a wide
application almost throughout every field active. With time, the advancements in VR is also
being witnessed which results in a much more unique and useful products and services.
Regarding its future aspect, VR could be developed to be implemented for the analysis of the
business and take rational decisions for that company to be more successful and integrated with
the choices that could be made. Only the field of business analysis is left which is still away from
the reach of VR implementation.
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