Ethical Considerations for Research Participants

This document outlines the steps to be taken by researchers when conducting studies involving questionnaires or observations. It emphasizes the importance of obtaining written consent from participants, providing them with options to omit questions they do not wish to answer, and debriefing them after their participation. The researcher is also responsible for storing personal data in compliance with the Data Protection Act (1998) and being transparent about the findings of the study. This document ensures that researchers are aware of potential risks and take necessary precautions to address ethical concerns.

Research Project

Table of Contents
TITLE:.............................................................................................................................................1
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...............................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Research Aim: .......................................................................................................................2
Research Questions: ..............................................................................................................2
Research objectives:...............................................................................................................2
Background Of Company ......................................................................................................2
Rationale of the research .......................................................................................................2
Significance of the research ...................................................................................................3
Literature review .............................................................................................................................3
Methodology ...................................................................................................................................6
Introduction ...........................................................................................................................6
Research philosophy...............................................................................................................6
Research Approach: ...............................................................................................................7
Research Strategy...................................................................................................................7
Research Choice: ...................................................................................................................7
Techniques and procedures of data collection: .....................................................................8
Research sampling: ................................................................................................................9
Data analysis techniques: ......................................................................................................9
Access Negotiations ..............................................................................................................9
Research Limitation: .............................................................................................................9
Ethical issue: ........................................................................................................................10
Cost:......................................................................................................................................10
Gantt Chart...........................................................................................................................11
Findings and Analysis ...................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................23
RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................................................24
REFELECTION ............................................................................................................................24

REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................26
Appendix .......................................................................................................................................28
Questionnaire........................................................................................................................28
Research Proposal Form.......................................................................................................29
.......................................................................................................................................................39

TITLE:
“To investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on profits in Romania. A study on
Tesla.
ABSTRACT
Foreign direct investment is essential type of entry mode strategies used by an enterprise
to enter into international market successfully. It introduces as a direct ownership of facilities in
the specific nation. It basically involves the transfer of different resources such as technology,
personnel and capital. It may be created via the acquisition of a present entity or the
establishment of a unique organisation. Literature review have been done with the view point of
different authors and writers regarding the impact of FDI. Data about the topic have been done
with the support of different methods of research such as research philosophy, approach, design,
Gantt Chart, data collection and analysis techniques etc. Along with this, research findings and
analysis have been completed through questionnaire. It is a most essential method helped a
researcher to accumulate reliable as well as valid information about the topic. Conclusion and
recommendation have been completed via addressing all aims and objectives.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank my friends, they help me to carry out this research. I must say
special thanks to my friends and relatives who were very helpful of me via this time when I was
doing the research. I am also thankful to my tutor who given me with direction and patience so
that I could have executed the research successfully.
INTRODUCTION
Foreign direct investment refers as an useful form of investment which is made by an
organisation on a person in one nation into business interests located in another nation (Alfaro,
2015). Mainly it takes place when a capitalist set up foreign business operations as well as
acquires business assets, covering setting ownership and monitoring interest in an international
organisation. For this project, Tesla is given American automotive organisation based in Palo,
Atlo, California. It was founded in year 2003 by Martin Eberhard, Marc Tarpenning, Elon Musk,
J. B. Straubel, Ian Wright. Company mainly specialise in in manufacturing electric car via its
solar panel manufacturing, solar city subsidiary. Apart from this, Tesla decide to expand their
business activities in Romania market through foreign direct investment.
1

Research Aim:
Main intent of this project is “To investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on
profits in Romania. A study on Tesla.
Research Questions:
 What is the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on profits for Tesla in Romania?
 What are the ways through which Tesla can overcome the drawbacks of foreign direct
investment ?
Research objectives:
 To analysis the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on profits for Tesla in Romania?
 To identify the ways through which Tesla can overcome the drawbacks of foreign direct
investment ?
Background Of Company
For this Tesla is chosen multinational organisation. They wants to expand their business
activities in Romania. It is a market with excellent or fabulous potential, favourable business
climate and a strategic location. Its economy is among the European Union's quickest growing;
approximately 4.8% growth in year 2016 and around 6.9% growth in 2017. This growth is
mainly based on primarily consumption which is driven by the legal authority of Romania's. It is
related with Romania's tax fiscal policy, including tax cuts, pension increase, minimum wage
maximise and public sector (Boghean and State, 2015). Therefore, it is a best market for Tesla to
expand their business activities and accomplish competitive benefits easily. Business activities of
Tesla is mainly related with designing of goods and services, location strategy, job design and
human resources, inventory management, maintenance of financial records etc. Thus, all these
are major activities for an enterprise which will help them in its development and success at
global level (Ciocoiu and et. al., 2013).
Rationale of the research
Main rationale behind choosing this topic is to to investigate the impact of foreign direct
investment on profits of Tesla in Romania It is a multinational corporation which will help in
growth of economy of Romania by providing job opportunities to citizen. Along with this,
globalisation is a large topic which will help a researcher to enhnace their literature review skill,
data analyses and data interpretation skill (Dachs, Stehrer and Zahradnik, 2014). These kind of
2

qualities will help a researcher to conduct each activities of research systematically and
successful manner.
Significance of the research
There are different advantage of foreign direct investment such as it provides local
economics benefits in multiple locations, foreign income can maximise, it improves humans
resources etc. All these benefits help an organisation by increasing its profit and market share
within given time duration (Bradshaw, 2017). Thus, with the the help of research, a researcher
can easily identify significance of Foreign direct investment and its benefits to TESLA.
Literature review
A literature review is a form of comprehensive summary of past topic. It includes, books,
scholarly articles, and many other useful sources relevant to the research or topic. Main purpose
of literature review is to provide a completed and accurate accounting of the actual state of
understanding for whichever investigation question is being addressed. Thus, it is an essential
and important aspects of scholarship because without it, scholar cannot judge or evaluate
whether the author is well-sophisticated or whether the activity that is being shown is original
and novel (Buettner, Overesch and Wamser, 2018). It is a more useful section for completing
research project in systematic manner. With the help of this section, an investigator can easily
critically analyse about the impact of foreign direct investment on profitability of business
activities in Romania market.
The impact of Foreign Direct Investment on profits for Tesla in Romania
As per the view point of JAMES CHEN, 2019, FDI introduces as an effective kind of
investment which is mainly made by an enterprise as well as individual in individual nation into
business interests laced in another nations. It mainly takes place when a capitalist or investor
establishes confirmed international business operations. FDI is critical for emerging and
developing market nations. Their organisations requires the multinationals' expertise and funding
to enlarge their global sales. Their nations require private finance in infrastructure, water and
energy to maximise wages and jobs. It offers different benefits to both the foreign host nation
such as Romania and the investor also. In a growing globalised economy, Foreign direct
investment by transnational organisation is introduced a main factor in the development of
3

economy of less developed economies, covering the economics of eastern Europe and central
Europe.
Foreign direct investment in Romania measure to USD around 5.1 billion in year 2017,
up by approximately 3% compared to the similar time duration of 2016, according to information
by the Romanian National Bank and UNCTAD.
Illustration 1: Doing Business, 2019
Source: Doing Business, 2019
From the above given graph, it has been concluded importance of Foreign direct
investment for profitability of Tesla. As in Romania index of transaction transparency is high as
compare to other countries such as United State, Germany, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It is
will help a Tesla to enhance their profitability and market share within given time duration.
Along with this, index of manager's responsibility is moderate in Romania market which will
also support an enterprise to retain employees for long time (Foreign direct investment (FDI) in
Romania, 2016). As it will be more effective and important for success and growth of company
within given time duration. Index of shareholders power is also moderate in Romania country
which will also help a stakeholders within Tesla to take legal action and gain competitive
benefits easily. At last, the investor protection is around 6.0 % which will highly impact on
profitability and market share of Tesla.
FDI in Romania has positive impact on profitability of Tesla. As it will help them by
providing different benefits such as market diversification, tax incentives, preferential tariffs,
4

lower labour costs and subsidies. There are also some advantages of FDI for Romina economy
including evolution of human capital, maximise in employment, economic stimulation and
access to administration skills, expertise as well as technology. These are consider main
advantages which will directly support a company to gain competitive benefits and increase their
profit ration also. Along with this, FDI has positive impact on profitability of Tesla. Some other
benefits of foreign direct investment will be defined as under:
Access to market: According to the Shawn Grimsley, (2019), Foreign direct investment
can be effective and essential way for Tesla to enter into Romania. With the help of FDI
company can easily access to their domestic market which will also support an enterprise to
accomplish long term goals and competitive benefits within given time duration.
Access to resources: Foreign direct investment also consider as an effective and useful
way for an organisation to enlarge their business operations or functions in successfully manner.
Therefore, with the help of FDI, Tesla can easily acquires natural resources which will help them
by maximising its profitability ratio.
Reduce cost of production: FDI is a means for Tesla to overcome their production cost if
the labour market is not expansive and regulations or rules are less restrictive in the Romania.
The ways through which Tesla can overcome the drawbacks of foreign direct investment
According to the Crystal Ayres, 2019, there are different drawbacks of foreign direct
investment on profitability of Tesla within Romania. Some risk of FDI and ways to overcome
that risk have been determined as under:
FDI stops domestic investment from happening: It is a major drawbacks of foreign
direct investment which will unfavourably effect on business success and growth of Tesla in
Romania market. Minimum ten percent investment into an international nations is amount of
money that isn't going into home companies. Along with this money comes backs into general
people with foreign direct investment. Therefore, it is biggest drawbacks or risks of FDI which
will impact on Tesla in negative manner. In order to overcome that issue, large number of
employment opportunity is a best option.
Risks from political chance: It is also consider biggest issue of FDI in Romania which
will effect on business activities and functions of Tesla in negative manner. Political issues in
Romania can instantly change in which FDI is more risky for automotive industry. Political
changes in specific nations is highly and negatively impact on profitability of an organisation. As
5

there hidden cost, currency exchange rate due to changes in the government rules and regulation.
Political changes or variation can also lead to expropriation. As in which government will have
monitor over the property and assets of an organisation.
Therefore, above mentioned risk of FDI is highly and negatively influence on
profitability of Tesla. There are some ways suggested to the Tesla about how to overcome the
impact of (FDI stops domestic investment from happening and Risks from political chance) over
business success.
Provide employment opportunities to community: This refers as an useful and effective
way which will help an organisation to overcome impact related with FDI stops domestic
investment from happening. Increment in employment opportunities help in development of
country's economy and it will also assist them by increasing living standard of people within
Romania.
Proper study about government's rules and regulation: It is also consider as an effective
and essential way for Tesla to overcome Risks from political chance and gain competitive
advantages within given time duration. For this, Tesla should do proper study about rules and
regulations governed by government. Thus, it is
Methodology
Introduction
Research methodology is useful process followed by investigator to accumulate reinvent
and appropriate data about the topic. For this section, research onion is consider one of the best
framework which will support a researcher to perform each activities of project in systematic
manner (Costaiche and Niculae, 2016). This framework have two layers, including inner and
outer. Both layers have different methods related to the primary and secondary which will help a
researcher to collect information regarding the role of foreign direct investment on profitability
of an organisation in Romania. There are different approaches and methods to secondary and
primary research, some are determine as under:
Research philosophy
It is consider as a first part of research onion framework used by researcher in evaluating
information effectively which will further outputs in arriving appropriate conclusion for the
study. There are essentially two form of research philosophy such as positivism and
6

interpretivisim (Dyreng and et. al., 2015). For this project, interpretivisim philosophy will be
used because it is more suitable and help in arriving valid conclusion. On the other hand, there is
interpretivisim philosophy which is not accurate and suitable for executing each activities of
research in systematically.
Justification: Main reason about choosing interpretivisim philosophy as it will a
researcher to gather reliable information about the topic. This philosophy also essential and
useful by an investigator by driving valid conclusion towards the research.
Research Approach:
Research approach is another section of research project which give an accurate direction
over which a research should be performed in order to accomplish desired output. Research
approach basically divided into two section i.e. deductive and inductive (Estrin and Uvalic,
2016). In this report, inductive approach will be applied because it help a researcher in collecting
data from useful sources that support in valid conclusion and recommendation. On the other side,
deductive approach is not used for this study, because in which learner do not take part in the
creation of valid conclusion or generalization.
Justification: Inductive approach will be used for this research project as it will help
them to accumulate reliable as well as accurate information regarding the study. There are some
advantages of inductive approach such as gamut of probabilities, fuels further exploration and so
on.
Research Strategy
Various kind of research strategy are available such as observation, case study, survey,
questionnaire etc. These are consider as a main type of strategies which will help an investigator
to collect data about the topic (Gui-Diby and Renard, 2015). For this report, case study will be
used by researcher as it assist them by providing in-depth and detail information about the topic.
Justification: Case studies are more useful and flexible than many other forms of
investigation and allow the investigator to explore and discover as the research develops. It
emphasize in-depth and accurate content. An investigator is capable to create deep and apply a
different varieties of data sources to acquire a complete picture.
7

Research Choice:
There are fundamentally two type of research which is qualitative and quantitative. In
case of qualitative research, there is more focus towards collecting data in theoretical way where
it handle with human discernment and sentiment. On the other hand, under qualitative method, it
mainly emphasis over collecting the data in order to create information or data more explanatory
and clear to reader and create better understanding among them with the support of theoretical
aspects (Islam, 2015).
Justification: Therefore, both type of research are effective but as per the study,
qualitative type of investigation will be selected because it help in collecting quality and accurate
data about the topic. Quantitative research is not useful according to the study, because it require
information in form of numbers and facts which is difficult for doing research in systematic
manner.
Research design: This is identify as an essential section of research methodology which
emphasis towards analysing the research design. All activity of research project is must be
depend of research design which will support in directing the tasks executed within the research
in right way (Janský and Palanský, 2018). This section of research is mainly classified into three
parts such as experimental, descriptive and exploratory. These kind of research design is more
important but as per the study, descriptive design will be used because it assist in presenting the
data in detailed and accurate manner.
Justification: Descriptive design used for this project because it is effective for a
researcher to analyse non-quantified issues and topics. In this researcher have possibility to
observe the concept in an unchanged natural environment and completely natural.
Techniques and procedures of data collection:
There are fundamentally two kinds of data sources used by researcher to gather primary
and secondary data regarding the study. For collecting primary data, questionnaire will be used
because it help a researcher to collect reliable and valid information about the impact of foreign
direct investment (Jude and Silaghi, 2016). On the other side, for gathering secondary data,
books, journals, magazines, publication research and many other articles relevant to the topic
will be applied. Thus, all these type of data sources are essential for an investigator to perform
each activities of research in more reliable and effective manner.
8

There are different kind of data collection techniques such as observation, interview,
questionnaire, modelling, case study etc. All these techniques are important but according to the
topic, questionnaire will be used by researcher. As it will help an investigator to gather reliable
and accurate information about the topic. In order to present data about the topic, there are
certain type of presentation techniques such as bar chart, pie chart, tables, line chart and many
other graphs will be applied. All these techniques will support a researcher to easily present
information or data to the respondents.
Research sampling:
It is a best part of research methodology where there is an accurate description about the
number of population chosen to collect data regarding the specific topic. In this research, there
are mainly two types of sampling methods via which sample size is chosen which present entire
population, these are non-probabilistic and probabilistic (Kragulj and Parezanin, 2015). For this
research project, probabilistic sampling will be applied because it assist an investigator in
ignoring any sort of bias task. With the help of this method, 60 employees as a part of total
population will be selected for research. On the other side, non-probabilistic method of sampling
is not used for this project because it is not easy to make valid inference regarding the whole
population because the sample chosen is not representative. resent information and complete
research in more effective and systematic manner.
Data analysis techniques:
In order to present valid conclusion and findings of research, it is most important to
analyse as well as interpret the data gathered. In order to do primary and secondary data
collection technique has been applied. For analysing the information collected by investigator,
thematic analysis will be applied because it assist a researcher in presenting summary of the
concept which has been described throughout the analysis (Kurečić, Luburić and Šimović, 2015).
Thus, it is a best techniques of data analysis which will support in giving an accurate knowledge
to the reader about the subject which is elaborated below in specific theme.
Access Negotiations
` It is also consider as a best and useful method for performing primary and secondary
research systematically. For doing primary research, researcher have access for questionnaire
9

instrument. On the other side, for performing secondary research, an investigator have access to
use books, journals, articles and many other scholarly papers.
Research Limitation:
The limitation of the project are those characteristics of methodology or design that
impacted the interpretation of findings from research (Li, Murshed and Tanna, 2017). There are
different limitation faced by researcher such as; in development of aims and objectives, selection
of appropriate sample size, development and implementation of data accumulation method, poor
previous studies in the field of study etc. All these are major limitation which will highly impact
of researcher while doing each activities of research is systematic manner. There are different
ways to overcome research limitation which should be follow by researcher such as: investigator
should always acknowledge a study's limitation, keep in mind that acknowledgement of research
limitation is a chance to make proper suggestion for further study etc. All these ways will be
more essential and useful to overcome limitation and gain better outputs for further study.
Research reliability and validity: For this research methodology, questionnaire will be
more appropriate because it give valid and reliable data about the study (Lucke and Eichler,
2016). It is a best techniques for accumulating primary and secondary data in more reliable and
valid manner.
In order to conduct primary and secondary research, number of methods will be applied
by researcher such as cost, ethical consideration, access etc. All these are most significant and
useful methods which will be applied for performing each activities of research in systematic
manner. Therefore, these methods will be assist an investigator to accumulate primary and
secondary information about the topic.
Ethical issue:
While conduction of research activity, it is very important for an investigator to execute
its work or task in more ethical and reliable way. For this, investigator must emphasis toward
accumulating accurate data from authenticated resources only and must ignore any type of
manipulation or influence in the collecting data to make individual research more effective and
attractive. In addition, investigator must not communicate the personal data of participants those
which provide information for investigation. Along with this, research ethics in this research
project were used extensively in order to ensure that the outputs of study are considered to be
reliable and robust (Neumayer, Nunnenkamp and Roy, 2016). Confidentiality, anonymity and
10

informed consent are identified as a research ethics principles which will be essential for
investigator to do research activities in more effective manner.
Cost:
It is a most useful and appropriate method which will highly support an investigator to
do primary and secondary research in more reliable manner. In order to complete each activity of
research project, sufficient amount of money will be require (Panait and Voica, 2017). There are
different options for an investigator for collecting accurate amount of capital, including bank
loan, internal funds, external funds etc. All these type of sources will highly support an
investigator to successfully complete research activity or tasks in more effective manner. For
conducting primary and secondary research, different number of methods will be needed such as
sampling, qualitative and quantitative method, data collection etc., accurate amount of fund will
be required. As a whole, for completing research, proper amount of fund is necessary for a
researcher.
Gantt Chart
This section of research project contains an in-depth description regarding different
number of activities or tasks that are going to be executed within the investigation along with the
accurate time taken by them (Pavlínek, 2015). For this, Gantt chart is consider best model and
graphical presentation used by researcher to find out starting and ending time duration for
completion of research. In this tool, different number of activities must be covered which will
help an investigator to successfully complete research. In this chart different activities included
which are determine as under: Selection of topic- For selecting appropriate research topic of research, minimum 2 days
will be require by researcher. Development of aims and objectives- For development of aims and objectives about the
research topic, investigator will require around 4 days of time. Literature review- For gathering the information or data through scholarly papers,
researcher needs 8 days of time. Research Methodology- In order to accumulate appropriate information or data via
different sources and selecting the most appropriate source researcher requires 14 days. Data Collection- In order to collect relevant and appropriate data from respondents,
researcher requires 18 days of time (Stanciu, 2016).
11

 Data Analysis- For interpreting the outputs from the information, investigator needs
around 15 days of time. Conclusion and Recommendation- To accurately conclude the research output,
researcher needs 5 days of time.
 Submission of Final Report- For final submission report, investigator needs 2 day and
complete the investigation in a effective and efficient manner (Turnock, 2017).
12

Findings and Analysis
Q1) Are you have knowledge about the phenomena of Foreign Direct
investment?
Frequency
a) Yes 45
b) No 15
Q2) What are the entry modes for Tesla to enter into Romania? Frequency
a) Joint venture 25
b) Licensing 9
c) Direct Investment 11
d) Exporting 5
e) Offshoring and Outsourcing 10
Q3) What are the main reason of Tesla for using foreign direct investment
in entering into Romania market.
Frequency
a) Increasing market share 20
b) Maximising customer base 25
c) Increasing profitability and brand mage 15
Q4) In which manner, globalisation impact on business activities of Tesla
in Romania market?
Frequency
a) Positive 46
b) Negative 14
13

Q5) What are positive impact of foreign direct investment in expansion of
business activities of Tesla in Romania.
Frequency
a) Provides local economic benefits in multiple locations. 17
b) Makes international trade easier to complete. 13
c) Foreign income can increase. 14
d) Improves human resources. 16
Q6) What are the drawbacks of foreign direct investment at the time of
expanding business activities in Romania?
Frequency
a) More expensive. 15
b) lead to exploitation. 25
c) Stops domestic investments from happening. 20
Q7) Does globalisation help Tesla in raising market share by providing
variety of products to their international customers ?
Frequency
a) Strongly Agree 25
b) Agree 20
c) Disagree 10
d) Strongly Disagree 5
Q8) Is Romania market essential for expansion of Tesla's business
activities?
Frequency
a) Yes 50
B) No 10
Q9) Does globalisation helpful for Tesla to gain competitive benefits in
Romania.
Frequency
a) Strongly Agree 20
b) Agree 25
c) Disagree 10
14

d) Strongly Disagree 5
Theme1: Awareness about the phenomena of Foreign Direct investment
Q1) Are you have knowledge about the phenomena of Foreign Direct
investment?
Frequency
a) Yes 45
b) No 15
a) Yes b) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
45
15
Frequency
Interpretation: From the above given graph, it has been concluded understanding about
the concept of foreign direct investment among respondents. For this. 45 out of 60 respondents
have knowledge about the foreign direct investment whereas remaining 15 respondents don't
have aware about the same.
Theme 2: Types of entry mode strategies
Q3) What are the entry modes for Tesla to enter into Romania? Frequency
a) Joint venture 11
15

Q3) What are the entry modes for Tesla to enter into Romania? Frequency
b) Licensing 9
c) Direct Investment 25
d) Exporting 5
e) Offshoring and Outsourcing 10
a) Joint venture
c) Direct Investment
e) Offshoring and Outsourcing
0
5
10
15
20
25
11
9
25
5
10 Frequency
Interpretation: According to above given chart, it has been determined different entry
modes for Tesla to expand their business activities in Romania market. For this, 11 respondents
have opinion as joint venture is useful strategy, 9 respondents have licensing is best strategy, 25
respondents have to suggest, Direct Investment is essential, 5 participants have to recommend,
exporting is useful entry mode and remaining 10 participants have view as offshoring and
outsourcing is effective strategy for company to expand their business successfully.
Theme 3: Main reason of Tesla for using foreign direct investment in entering into Romania
market?
16

Q3) What are the main reason of Tesla for using foreign direct investment
in entering into Romania market?
Frequency
a) Increasing market share 20
b) Maximising customer base 25
c) Increasing profitability and brand mage 15
a) Increasing market share
c) Increasing profitability and brand mage
0
5
10
15
20
25
20
25
15
Frequency
Interpretation: This graph illustrated about the main reason of an organisation for using
foreign direct investment as an entry mode strategy. For this, 20 respondents have opinion as
increasing market share is main reason and 25 respondents have view as maximising customer
base is foremost reason. At last, remaining 15 respondents have opinion as increasing brand
image and profitability is biggest reason of Tesla to enlarge their activities at international level.
Theme 4: Positive and negative impact of globalisation
Q4) In which manner, globalisation impact on business activities of Tesla
in Romania market?
Frequency
a) Positive 46
b) Negative 14
17

a) Positive b) Negative
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50 46
14
Frequency
Interpretation: This graph determined impact of globalisation process in expansion of
business activities in international market. For this, 46 respondents have opinion as globalisation
positively impact on business whereas remaining 14 participants have view as it negatively effect
on business activities.
Theme 5: Positive impact of foreign direct investment
Q5) What are positive impact of foreign direct investment in expansion of
business activities of Tesla in Romania.
Frequency
a) Provides local economic benefits in multiple locations. 17
b) Makes international trade easier to complete. 13
c) Foreign income can increase. 14
d) Improves human resources. 16
18

a) Provides local economic benefits in multiple locations.
c) Foreign income can increase.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18 17
13 14
16
Frequency
Interpretation: This graph has been interpreted the positive impact of foreign direct
investment upon business success. 17% respondents have idea as it will help an organisation by
providing local economic benefits in multiple locations. 13% participants have idea as foreign
direct involvement makes international trade easier to complete. 145 employees have opinion as
with the help of this, Foreign income can increase. Remaining 16% respondents have knowledge
as it improves human resources within an organisation.
Theme 6: Drawbacks of foreign direct investment
Q6) What are the drawbacks of foreign direct investment at the time of
expanding business activities in Romania?
Frequency
a) More expensive. 15
b) lead to exploitation. 25
c) Stops domestic investments from happening. 20
19

a) More expensive.
c) Stops domestic investments from happening.
0
5
10
15
20
25
15
25
20
Frequency
Interpretation: From the above given graph, it has been concluded risks and drawbacks
of foreign direct investment for an organisation while they globalise their business functions. For
this, 15% participants have view as it is more expensive for an organisation. 25% employees
have opinion as it lead to exploitation. Remaining 20% respondents have knowledge as foreign
direct investment stops domestic investments from happening.
Theme 8: Effectiveness of globalisation
Q8) Does globalisation help Tesla in raising market share by providing
variety of products to their international customers ?
Frequency
a) Strongly Agree 25
b) Agree 20
c) Disagree 10
d) Strongly Disagree 5
20

a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Disagree
d) Strongly Disagree
0
5
10
15
20
25
25
20
10
5
Frequency
Interpretation: According to the above give data, it has been concluded, effectiveness
of globalisation in increasing market share of an organisation. For this, 25 respondents are
strongly agree, 20 are agree, 10 are disagree and remaining 5 participants are strongly disagree.
Theme 9: Importance of Romania market for expansion of business activities
Q9) Is Romania market essential for expansion of Tesla's business
activities?
Frequency
a) Yes 50
B) No 10
21

a) Yes B) No
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
50
10
Frequency
Interpretation: According to the given data, it has been concluded significance of
Romania market for Tesla to enlarge their business activities systematically. For this statement,
50 out of 60 respondents are agree whereas remaining 10 are not favour as per the same.
Theme 10: Importance of globalisation for Tesla
Q10) Does globalisation helpful for Tesla to gain competitive benefits in
Romania.
Frequency
a) Strongly Agree 20
b) Agree 25
c) Disagree 10
d) Strongly Disagree 5
22

a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Disagree
d) Strongly Disagree
0
5
10
15
20
25
20
25
10
5
Frequency
Interpretation: According to the above information, it has been determined importance
of globalisation in achieving competitive advantages within given time duration. For this, 20
respondents are strongly agree, 25 are agree, 10 are disagree and remaining 5 participants are
strongly disagree.
CONCLUSION
From the above given information, it has been concluded, impact of foreign direct
investment on profit of multinational organisation within a specific country. It will directly
impact on an organisation while expanding business activities in Romania market. According to
the above data founded in questionnaire, more than half of the population are aware about the
concept and impact of foreign direct investment in expansion of business activities. Along with
this, globalised have been impacted on business in both positive and negative manner. There are
different benefits and drawbacks of foreign direct investment upon business success and growth.
Along with this, profitability of an organisation is depend on foreign direct investment. Provides
local economic benefits in multiple locations, Makes international trade easier to complete,
Foreign income can increase and Improves human resources are consider main benefits of
foreign direct investment which will help an enterprise in increment of profit. Apart from the,
there are some disadvantages of foreign direct investment on business such as More expensive,
23

lead to exploitation and Stops domestic investments from happening. All these are negatively
impact on business functions and its success at international marketplace such as Romania.
RECOMMENDATION
There are some recommendation will be provided to an enterprise such as about how to
overcome impact of globalisation and foreign direct investment on its business functions and
profitability. Company should do Proper study about government's rules and regulations,
Implement appropriate communication channel and Hire knowledgeable employees. All these
recommendation will be support an organisation to overcome all challenges and accomplish
better growth within given time duration. There are different recommendation will also provided
to an organisation about how increase profitability in Romania.
 Company should provide quality products or services to international clients at affordable
price. It will help an enterprise by increasing its profit and market share.
 Tesla should use proper training and development program which will also help them in
achievement of long term goals and profits within given time duration.
REFELECTION
I was used different methods for gathering accurate and reliable information about the
topic such as primary and secondary research, qualitative research etc. All these were supported
me by providing accurate information which will help me in conducting each activities of
research is more effective manner. For collecting primary information I was only used
questionnaire, because it give me reliable and valid data about the topic. On the other side, for
collecting secondary information, I was used literature review, because it will assist me by
providing detail information about the impact of globalisation. I am thankful that I got a chance
to work over the topic or research which would help me in improving my knowledge and skill
about the impact of foreign direct investment in enhancing business activities of an organisation.
In addition to this it also helped me in raising my investigation qualities as I came to understand
regarding different tools that are applied to conduct research in more effective and efficient
manner. While performing this research activities I have analyse some challenges like lack of
budget and time given for investigation and few of the participants are not taking more interest to
give data. But disregard of all these difficulties I tried my hundred present to present more
ethical, dependable and appropriate information and data within the research.
24

There are different methods used by researcher to collect accurate information or data
about the study. For this research project, questionnaire was used because it will support an
investigator to gather reliable and valid data about the study. There is also alternative method
which is interview. As it will also useful and important for a researcher to accumulate accurate
data about the topic. There are different advantages of interview such as easy correction of
speech, development of relationship, selection of suitable candidate, collection of primary
information, time saving, less costly, increasing knowledge etc. Thus, it is also essential and
useful method for an investigator to accumulate proper information about the topic. This type of
methodology also useful for a researcher to driving valid conclusion and providing accurate data
about the field of study.
25

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alfaro, L., 2015. Foreign direct investment: effects, complementarities and promotion. Partners
or Creditors?. p.21.
Boghean, C. and State, M., 2015. The relation between foreign direct investments (FDI) and
labour productivity in the European Union countries. Procedia Economics and Finance.
32. pp.278-285.
Bradshaw, M. J., 2017. Foreign direct investment and economic transformation in Central and
Eastern Europe. In Foreign Direct Investment and Regional Development in East
Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union (pp. 41-58). Routledge.
Buettner, T., Overesch, M. and Wamser, G., 2018. Anti profit-shifting rules and foreign direct
investment. International Tax and Public Finance. 25(3). pp.553-580.
Costaiche, G. M. and Niculae, I., 2016. The evolution and impact of foreign direct investments in
Romania. Scientific Papers: Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture &
Rural Development. 16(2).
Dyreng, S. D. and et. al., 2015. The effect of tax and nontax country characteristics on the global
equity supply chains of US multinationals. Journal of Accounting and Economics. 59(2-
3), pp.182-202.
Estrin, S. and Uvalic, M., 2016. Foreign direct investment in the Western Balkans: what role has
it played during transition?. Comparative Economic Studies. 58(3). pp.455-483.
Gui-Diby, S. L. and Renard, M. F., 2015. Foreign direct investment inflows and the
industrialization of African countries. World Development. 74. pp.43-57.
Islam, K. A., 2015. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh: Prospects and Challenges
and Its Impact on Economy. Asian Business Review. 4(1). pp.24-36.
Janský, P. and Palanský, M., 2018. Estimating the scale of profit shifting and tax revenue losses
related to foreign direct investment (No. 2018/21). WIDER Working Paper.
Jude, C. and Silaghi, M. I. P., 2016. Employment effects of foreign direct investment: New
evidence from Central and Eastern European countries. International Economics. 145.
pp.32-49.
Kragulj, D. and Parezanin, M., 2015. Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Times
of Economic Crisis: Evidence from Southeast European Countries. European Scientific
Journal, ESJ. 11(10).
Kurečić, P., Luburić, G. and Šimović, V., 2015. The Interdependence of GDP per capita and
Foreign Direct Investment in the Transitional Economies of Central and Eastern
Europe. Journal of economic and social developmen. 2(2). pp.0-0.
Li, C., Murshed, S. M. and Tanna, S., 2017. The impact of civil war on foreign direct investment
flows to developing countries. The Journal of International Trade & Economic
Development. 26(4). pp.488-507.
Lucke, N. and Eichler, S., 2016. Foreign direct investment: the role of institutional and cultural
determinants. Applied Economics. 48(11). pp.935-956.
Neumayer, E., Nunnenkamp, P. and Roy, M., 2016. Are stricter investment rules contagious?
Host country competition for foreign direct investment through international
agreements. Review of World Economics. 152(1). pp.177-213.
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Panait, M. and Voica, C., 2017. The relation between foreign direct investments and some
economic indicators. The case of Romanian economy. Theoretical & Applied
Economics. 24(2).
Pavlínek, P., 2015. Foreign direct investment and the development of the automotive industry in
central and eastern Europe. Foreign investment in eastern and southern Europe after
2008: Still a lever of growth, pp.209-255.
Stanciu, S., 2016. The Foreign Direct Investment in the Romanian Agrifood Production. SEA–
Practical Application of Science. 4(11). pp.289-297.
Turnock, D. ed., 2017. Foreign direct investment and regional development in east central
Europe and the former Soviet Union: A collection of essays in memory of Professor
Francis' Frank'Carter. Routledge.
Online
Romania - Market Overview. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.export.gov/article?id=Romania-Market-Overview>
AMES CHEN. 2019. Foreign Direct Investment. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fdi.asp>
Shawn Grimsley. 2019. What Is Foreign Direct Investment? - Definition, Advantages &
Disadvantages [Online]. Available through: <https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-
is-foreign-direct-investment-definition-advantages-disadvantages.html>
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Romania. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-foreign-direct-investment-definition-
advantages-disadvantages.html>
27

Appendix
Questionnaire
Questionnaire
Q1) Are you have knowledge about the phenomena of Foreign Direct investment?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) What are the entry modes for Tesla to enter into Romania?
a) Joint venture
b) Licensing
c) Direct Investment
d) Exporting
e) Offshoring and Outsourcing
Q3) What are the main reason of Tesla for using foreign direct investment in entering into
Romania market.
a) Increasing market share
b) Maximising customer base
c) Increasing profitability and brand mage
Q4) In which manner, globalisation impact on business activities of Tesla in Romania market?
a) Positive
b) Negative
Q5) What are positive impact of globalisation in expansion of business activities of Tesla in
Romania.
a) Provides local economic benefits in multiple locations.
b) Makes international trade easier to complete.
c) Foreign income can increase.
d) Improves human resources.
Q6) What are the drawbacks of foreign direct investment at the time of expanding business
activities in Romania?
a) More expensive.
b) lead to exploitation.
28

c) Stops domestic investments from happening.
Q7) Does globalisation help Tesla in raising market share by providing variety of products to
their international customers ?
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Disagree
d) Strongly Disagree
Q8) Is Romania market essential for expansion of Tesla's business activities?
a) Yes
B) No
Q9) Does globalisation helpful for Tesla to gain competitive benefits in Romania.
a) Strongly Agree
b) Agree
c) Disagree
d) Strongly Disagree
Q10) Do you have any recommendation regarding identify impact of foreign direct investment
on profitability of an enterprise.
Research Proposal Form
Student Name: ______________________ Student ID:
____________
Centre Name: _____________________
Tutor: ________________ Date:
___________________
Unit: ____________________
Proposed Title: “To investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on profits in
Romania. A study on Tesla.
______________________________________________
29

Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities
Title or working title of the research project
Title: “To investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on profits in Romania.
A study on Tesla.
Research Questions:
 What is the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on profits for Tesla in Romania? What are the ways through which Tesla can overcome the drawbacks of foreign direct
investment ?
Research objectives:
 To analysis the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on profits for Tesla in Romania?
 To identify the ways through which Tesla can overcome the drawbacks of foreign
direct investment ?
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project
Main reason behind selecting this topic is to investigate the impact of foreign direct
investment on profitability of Tesla in Romania. It is a multinational organisation which will
help in economic development of country by increasing employment rate, improving
infrastructure etc. Along with this, this topic will also support a researcher by enhancing its
data analysis, data collection and literature review skill. All these skills will help a researcher
to do each activities of research in systematic and effective manner.
Section Three: Literature sources searched
Literature review is an essential type of scholarly paper which will help a
researcher to identify gaps in previous studies. In this section, all research
objectives and questions are address in more effective manner which are
explain as under:
Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on profits for Tesla in
Romania
Foreign direct investment introduces as an effective and essential entry mode
strategy used by Tesla to expand their business operations and activities in Romania. There are
some benefits of FDI such as access to market, access to resources and Reduction of
production cost. All these are consider major advantages or benefits which will positively
influence on business growth and success in direct manner.
The ways through which Tesla can overcome the drawbacks of
30

foreign direct investment
There are different drawbacks of foreign direct investment such as FDI stops domestic
investment from happening, Risks from political change etc. All these are major risks of
foreign direct investment which will negatively influence on business growth as well as
profitability also. In order to overcome above mentioned risks or drawbacks some suggestion
have been provided to Tesla which are determined as under:
 Tesla should do proper study which will help them in reduction of risks from political
changes.
 Tesla should also provide different number of employment opportunities which will
help them in reduction domestic investment from happing.
Section Four: Activities and timescales
Activities to be carried out during the research
project :
Introduction
Aims and Objectives
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Data collection
Data analysis
Conclusion and recommendation
Submission of final project
2
4
8
14
18
15
5
2
Milestone one: ____Research Proposal ____________
Target date (set by tutor): ____28 days ________________
31

Milestone two: ___Research Project ____________________
Target date (set by tutor): __40 days ____________________
Gantt Chart: It introduces as a type of graphical presentation which will
support an investigator to analysis starting and ending time duration for
completion of each activities related to the research. Some activities with
its starting and ending data are determine as under:
32

Section Four: Research approach and methodologies
Research onion framework
It introduces as an effective framework which is applied by researcher for explaining the
methodology of the research. This framework includes different approaches and methods and
in which some useful methods are determine as under:
Research Approach: There are mainly two kind of research approach which is qualitative and
quantitative. Both are useful approach and help an investigator to gather accurate and reliable
information about the study. According to the topic, qualitative research approach is more
suitable because it give information about the topic in form of quality as compare to
quantitative research.
Research Philosophy: It is another important part of research onion which is divided into two
parts namely, Interpretivisim and positivism. In order to identify impact of foreign direct
investment in expansion of business activities in Romania, interpretivisim philosophy will be
more suitable because it help in driving valid conclusion related to the study. On the other side,
in case of positivism philosophy, it will be not suitable for carrying out research activities in
33

effective and efficient manner.
Primary and secondary data collection: For gathering data about the study, primary and
secondary researcher are introduces best sources of data collection. For accumulating primary
data, questionnaire will be prepared by researcher because it help them by giving reliable and
valid data about the topic. On the other hand, for gathering secondary information, books,
journals, articles, review of literature etc. are useful sources. Therefore, both sources of data
collection are essential for accumulating relevant information related to the topic.
Comments and agreement from tutor
Comments (optional):
I confirm that the project is not work which has been or will be
submitted for another qualification and is appropriate.
Agreed: ________________ (name)_______________ Date ______________
Comments and agreement form project proposal checker( IV
sampling)
Comments (Optional):
I confirm that the project is appropriate.
Agreed /Disagree: (Name of the IV)
Date
34

Research Ethics approval form
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants
or the use of data collected form human participants are required to gain
ethical approval before commencing their research. Please answer all
relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if incomplete.
For further support and guidance please see your respective Unit Tutor:
Before completing this form, we advise that you discuss your proposed
research fully with your unit tutor. Please complete this form in good time
before your research project is due to commence.
Section 1: Basic details:
Project title:
“To investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on profits in Romania. A study
on Tesla.
Student name:
Student ID number:
Programme:
College Name:
Intended research start date:
Intended research end date:
Section 2 Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as a part of your
project:
 Interviews Yes No
 Questionnaires Yes No
 Observations Yes No
 Use of personal records Yes No
 Data Analysis Yes No
 Action Research Yes No
 Focus Groups Yes No
 Others (Please specify) :
Section 3: Participants
35

Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants?
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Ages 12-16: Young people aged: 17-18 Adults
How will participants be recruited (identified an approached)?
Participants of this research will be recruited with the help of convenience
sampling method. It is a type of non-probability sampling which not require
more time, resources and cost of organisation. Thus, with the use of this
sampling, 60 respondents will be recruited.
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you
are doing:
With the support of large number of platforms such as website, mobile application, social
media etc. investigator will inform each participants regarding what they are doing.
How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How
will it be made clear to participants that they may withdraw consent to
participate at any time?
A written format is used to obtain consent from each participants of research in which
questionnaire is most essential instrument.
Studies involving questionnaires: will participants be given the option of
omitting questions that do not wish to answer?
Yes No
If no please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues
arising from this
Studies involving observation: Confirm whether participants will be
asked for their informed consent to be observed.
Yes No
36

Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e give them
a brief explanation of the study)?
Yes No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?
(This could be a brief summary of your findings in general)
Yes No
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance
with the Data Protection Act (1998)
Yes No
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
Researcher
During the research:
Researcher
Where will the data be stored?
Computer systems are used to store data.
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used
Yes No
If Yes, please provide further details:
After the research:
Where will the data be stored?
37

How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
Will data be kept for use by other researchers? Yes No
Section 5 : Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work, which may raise
ethical concerns? If so, please outline how you will deal with these:
It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that
may arise because of your research. Please consider/address all issues that
may apply. Ethical concerns may include, but are not limited to the
following :
 Informed consent.
 Potentially vulnerable participants.
 Sensitive topics
 Risk to participants and /or researchers
 Confidentiality/anonymity
 Disclosures/ limits to confidentiality
 Data storage and security, both during and after the research
(including transfer, sharing, encryption, protection).
 Reporting
 Dissemination and use of your findings.
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research
and Ethics Policy: Yes No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my
Unit Tutor:
Yes No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct, and this is a full description of the
ethical issues that may arise in the course of my research
Name: Date:
Please submit your completed form to your supervisor and also
attach to the Research Proposal when submitting to Turnitin.
38

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