Research Methods and Ethics Assignment

The provided document is a detailed assignment on research methods and ethics. It discusses the application of research methods, such as qualitative and quantitative techniques, to collect and analyze data effectively. The assignment also highlights the significance of ethical considerations in research, including maintaining confidentiality, protecting data from unauthorized access, and preventing fabrications and falsifications. By following these guidelines, researchers can ensure the integrity and validity of their findings.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES................................................................4
CHAPTER 3 DATA ANALYSIS........................................................................................7
CHAPTER 4 ETHICS AND VALUE..................................................................................7
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................8

Topic- To study the effectiveness of intensive treatments for smoking cessation in
England
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Smoking cessation can be termed out as discontinuing the use of tobacco
(Barnes and et.al., 2018). It assists to lower the risk of chronic diseases and other
health related issues. It is harmful not only to smokers but also to people around them.
There are numerous benefits of quitting smoke such as to have better health, increased
fertility, more stamina, less stress and good sex life. Furthermore, excessive smoke
consumption can leads to cracked lips, sores and bleeding in mouth.
Thus, tobacco smoke contains nicotine that is highly addictive. The prevalence of
smoking is one of the avoidable causes of death and disability that cause inequalities in
UK. In addition to it, Tobacco smoking leads to premature loss of person and it is highly
noted in Youth of England. Furthermore, non-smokers surrounds in smokey
environment can also have increased risk of cancer, respiratory disease and heart
disease (Gray and et.al., 2018). The purpose of this study is to protect Youth from
harmful impacts of smoking on their health. It also impacts over their economic status,
academic achievements and lowering self image and esteem (Tobacco-Free Youth,
2018).
The main aim of NHS is to stop smoking with aid of diverse intensive intervention
measures that can motivate smokers to quit. The present research will focus over
activities to identify challenges for successful smoking cessation, effective treatment to
youth to get rid of its addiction and various involvement measures to quit smoking.
Aim- To study the effectiveness of intensive treatments provided by National Health
Service (NHS) for smoking cessation in England.
Objectives
1. To examine the intensive intervention measures undertaken by NHS for smoking
cessation.
2. To determine the effectiveness of treatments provided for smoking cessation by
NHS.

3. To identify core challenges faced by NHS for a successful cessation of smoking
aimed at youth.
4. To recommend ways to reduce smoking prevalence either by reducing initiation
or promoting cessation.
Research questions
1. What are intensive measures of smoking cessation undertaken by NHS?
2. Is treatments provided by NHS for discontinuing consumption of smoke is
effective?
Rationale of the study
The main objective of this study is to quit smoking by withdrawal of nicotine that
makes the whole process prolonged and difficult. It is one of addictions which is hard to
break. This study will help researcher to know about various norms that has been made
by government for smoking cession. With help of it, scholar will come to know about it
harmful impact on health of young, youth adults and pregnant women. Researcher has
chosen this study in terms to gain knowledge about consumption of smoke and it impact
not only health of youth but also their future too. There are various intervention
measures that has to be undertaken by NHS for smoking cessation. In addition to it,
researcher needs to identify core challenges faced by NHS for successful Quitting of
smoke . With help of this study, various preventive factors will be provided so
consumption to tobacco can be reduced. Research has selected this study to know
adverse social effects of smoking. The main aim behind conducting this research is to
immediate affects of smoking on young person health.
. Moreover, main reason behind choosing this research is to identify intensive
treatments for smoking cessation by National Health Service (NHS) .
Significance of study
. The importance behind this study is to develop the perspective about harmful
effects of smoking on health of youth. It will be helpful for other acedamic reaserch in
terms to contributing factors that cab prevent use of Tobbaco. With help fo this study,
resercher came to kbow that it has not only health effects but there are also many
adverse social affect of smoking. This research has variosu significant aspect as now a
days consumption of tobbaco is continuosly rising.

This study will help resercher to get depth isghits about preventive measure of smoking
as it lowers academic achievement of youth, shortness of breath, increase blood
pressure and respiratiry illness and other choronic disease. Under it, researcher is able
to get in-depth knowledge of challanges faced by quoted firm to promote quitting of
smoke. It also helps to resercher in terms to have further investigation about preventing
measures of smoking.
Furthermore, there are numerous factors that affect the choice of researcher in
terms to determine effectiveness of intensive treatments and aid gaining depth
knowledge about the same.
Research statement problem
The researcher must be able to expand knowledge about various measures for
quitting smoke consumption . Due to ineffective research and lack of tools and
techniques, that could result in terms to get insufficient information. Furthermore, using
of improper methods and lack of understanding could lead to issues and put negative
impact over aim and purpose of study.
CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES
Methodology section is one of the most crucial procedures and techniques that
lead to collect specific information about research topic . The researcher will explain
number of methods through which data can be collected. Thus, it has been presented in
below context as -
Research approach- It is based on observations, plans and procedures with
help of which detailed information can be gathered and analysed. There are many ways
of collecting data and it has characterized into three parts as Adductive, deductive and
inductive approach. It is based on broad assumption to detailed method of data
collection, analysis and interpretation. Therefore, it is based on nature of research
problem that has to be addressed. In this, inductive approach works as to generate new
theory that helps to provide depth information. It moves as specific observation to
broader generalisation. In addition to it, will be useful to study the topic of research.
Furthermore, Deductive approach helps to aim and testing of theory to collect
significant information. This theory process as to identify falsification and verification. It

flows as more general to specific. It works towards selection of area of study and build
the theory in more specific context. In order to determine the implications of intensive
treatments, researcher will use inductive approach for examining the related issue
effectively.
With help of developing theory based on experience and observation, relevant
and effective information can be gathered.. It is effective in terms to gather the in-depth
information about topic.
Research philosophy- It is a belief about the way in which data of the study
should be gathered, analysed and used. It is one of the essential parts of the research
methodology. Thus, it has been classified as epistemology, ontology, axiology etc. The
reserch philosophies will be helpful to determine the relevance of study. . Under it,
ontology is related to the nature of reality and classified on basis of subjectivism and
objectivism. Moreover, it deals with knowledge, source and its nature.
Epistemology will assist to have better understanding about the acceptable
knowledge of particular area (Research Philosophy, 2018.). It has been classified as
positivism, realism and interpretive.
In this, positivism approach works to get quantifiable observation and statistical
analysis can be obtained. Realism approach related to scientific theory works as to
disclose the truth of reality. It is classified as direct and critical realism. Therefore,
interpretative research method will be helpful to define subjective interpretation into
reality.
With help of it, in-depth information about topic can be identified. In this,
Researcher will use Interpretative technique as it helps to determine the study in
profound manner.
Research design- This term defines overall strategy that aids to integrate
differed components of study. It works to constitute blueprint for collection,
measurement and analysis of data. The main role of research design is to get ensure of
evidence obtained that assist to address problem of research as unambiguous as
possible (Pluye and et.al., 2018). With help of it, type of evidence needed to taste
theory, evaluate the program and describe research in particular mode. It relates with
specific plan and procedure with help of it there can be possibility to get depth

information about the study. It has been classified as descriptive, correlative and
explanatory research. Thus smoking cession can be justified effectively in relation to the
challenges faced by NHS due to interventions.
Here, researcher will use descriptive research. On the other hand, It is a process with
help of systematic investigation about the topic of research can be done in efficaciously
and efficiently mode. To have better and effective investigation to design goals, this
method will be appropriate. It is a step that helps to gather broad information about this
topic.
Data collection- The process of gathering and measuring information that
enable specific outcomes. It can be done with variety of sources to get complete and
accurate data. In addition to it, accurate data collection is one of the crucial aspects in
maintaining integrity of research, by making informed decisions and ensure quality of
work. It will be adopted by researcher in terms of both quantitative and qualitative
aspects. It will be done with two methods as primary and secondary. The primary
method helps to collect first-hand information and will be done on questionnaire basis
and secondary methods aid to conduct data with use of books, journals and online
articles (Yang and et.al., 2018). To carry out the present research, researcher will use
primary method so that particular information about intensive intervention can be
gathered by questionnaire method.
Thus, this method assists in maintaining systematic approach to gather
information so that there will be possibility to get an enhanced overview for managing
system. In this, it can be said that selection of data collection tools works to ensure
integrity of research to get accurate and precise analysis.
Sampling- It is a process that conducts in statistical manner by predetermined
number of observations taken from various respondents. There are many types of
methods as stratified, cluster, simple random, multistage and systematic random
sampling method. It will be conducted with techniques like probabilistic and non-
probabilistic. Here, simple random technique will be taken into consideration as it is
provide equal probability to each respondents. It will be conducted with help of surveys,

focus group etc. where sampling size of 50 respondents has selected. Thus, Youth of
England would be considered as respondents and information will be gathered.

CHAPTER 3: DATA ANALYSIS
Data analysis- This is a procedure that helps in inspecting, cleansing,
transforming and modelling data with goal of discovering useful information, informing
conclusion and supporting decision making (Hartmann‐Boyce and et.al., 2018). It works
to organise, describe, represent, evaluate and interpret data in successful manner. It
can be conducted with help of two techniques as qualitative and quantitative technique.
Under it, quantitative method will be used to determine use of information with
help of statistical and tool. Therefore, qualitative method will be helpful to get depth
insights . In qualitative method, information can be collected with help of surveys,
interviews and focus group. It is one of the essential methods in making business
decisions.
CHAPTER 4 ETHICS AND VALUE
Ethical implication- It is termed out with norms and standards by conducting
research effectively to distinguish between right and wrong. It is concerned with honesty
about the topic of research. Thus, ethical consideration is concerned with careful
considerations and risk assessment.
With help of it, confidentiality of information can be maintained. Therefore, any
unauthorised access to data must be protected. The main objective of conducting
research is to follow the right direction and information and that must be protected.
Therefore, ethical standards are needed to be prevented against fabrications and
falsifying of data. It can be considered as the most important part of any research as it
provides an understanding about the implication of participants to reach the goals of
study. By keeping privacy of information of respondent led to have better and effective
research.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Barnes, J and et.al., 2018. A prospective, open, uncontrolled study of a standardised
extract of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) as an aid in smoking
cessation. Lung cancer. 15. p.05.
Gray, D.K and et,al., 2018. How do data collection and processing methods impact
the accuracy of long‐term trend estimation in lake surface‐water
temperatures?. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. 16(8). pp.504-515.
Hartmann‐Boyce, J and et.al., 2018. Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for
smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Pluye, P and et.al., 2018. A World of Possibilities in Mixed Methods: Review of the
Combinations of Strategies Used to Integrate the Phases, Results, and
Qualitative and Quantitative Data. International Journal of Multiple Research
Approaches. 10(1). pp.41-56.
Yang, Y and et.al., 2018. Preparing for analysis: a practical guide for a critical step for
procedural rigor in large-scale multisite qualitative research studies. Quality &
Quantity. 52(2). pp.815-828.
Online
Research Philosophy. 2018. [Online] Available through:<https://research-
methodology.net/research-philosophy/>.
Tobacco-Free Youth. 2018. [Online] Available
through:<https://stopswithme.com/protecting-oklahoma/protecting-our-youth/>.