Public Health Grant Proposal for Tobacco Consumption Prevention Program

This grant proposal aims to prevent tobacco consumption and spread awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco on human health. The proposal includes an epidemiological and health equity assessment of the problem, and a summary of the significance of the program.

Public Health
Grant Proposal
for [Insert program title.]
Prepared by
[Insert name.]

Table of Contents
Introduction to the Problem
Epidemiological Assessment
Health Equity Assessment
Significance
References
Appendix A—Social, Epidemiological, Educational, and Ecological Assessments

Milestone One
Introduction to the Problem
Epidemiological Assessment
The “What”:
The health issue will be discussed which arises because of tobacco intake (Rabenberg and et.al., 2019). Tobacco is very harmful for human body
and it causes many diseases like lung cancer, emphysema, other chronic diseases etc. it also increase the probability of heart diseases which can
cause stroke or heart failure.
Person
The “Who”
Place
The “Where”
Time
The “When”
 Person factors involves sex, race, age
and socio-economic factor.
 It is observed that tobacco is
consumed by the age group 25-60
majorly. It is also found that majorly it
is consumed by male member of the
society.
 As per the research it is found that it
is consumed by mostly tribal people
who barely have understanding about
its harmful effects.
 Place gives insight in the geographical
variation of the problem. Features of
the place is not only restricted to the
place of residence but also geographic
location.
 Mainly it is noticed that people are
getting addicted of tobacco mainly form
their school or site of employment
(Flamand and et.al., 2017).
 As per many reports it has also proved
that the problem of tobacco arises from
birthplace also.
 The happening of diseases can
change with time. Some diseases
can happen any time while
others are unpredictable.
 diseases occurs seasonally also
like cold and cough but in this
report illness from tobacco is the
main concern.
 Initial consumption of tobacco
does not harm the body but
slowly and slowly it starts
damaging various organs.
The “Why” and “How”:
Consumption of tobacco is very harmful for body. Majorly it harm lungs and causes lung cancer. It is found that people who consume tobacco are
more prone to lung cancer (Fawole, 2017). People also gets prone to other chronic disease which causes breathing issues and due to that an
individual can also suffer from long term disability or even can die early. It also increased the chances of heart disease which causes blockages in
arteries. When study is conducted on US people then it is found that when people decreased the consumption of tobacco than number of heart
disease also gets decreased. Type 2 diabetes are also very common in such person who consumes tobacco. Tobacco smoking can even make a

person blind by damaging eyes completely and causing vision loss. The illness which has occurred because of tobacco consumption cannot be easily
transmitted. An individual will get illness only after he or she will start consuming tobacco.
Health Equity Assessment
Structural Determinants
Societal Structures and Social Relations Social Stratification Policy Contexts
 Social context of smoking is usually
connected with tobacco. It cannot be
denied that there are physiological
dimensions of addiction. Once an
individual gets tobacco addiction then
it becomes difficult to leave this habit
of tobacco consumption.
 The consumption of tobacco is
increasing among economically and
socially groups. People have started
consuming alcohol by just getting
influenced from each other.
 It is found that the factor which
supports or hinder smoking at various
levels arises due to advertising, access
of tobacco etc. when attractive
advertisement is shown to people then
they get attracted towards tobacco.
 Social stratification means classification
of society and distributing individuals
into social hierarchy and can be based
on income, education, power etc.
 The social context of tobacco among
various subgroups which involves
people who are suffering from mental
illness, homeless persons etc. it has
also found that adolescent have
started consuming tobacco through
smoking and younger women are also
included into this.
 It is observed that individuals who are
well qualified and belongs to high or
middle income group are consuming
tobacco in the form of smoking.
Although they know the causes of
tobacco but still the consumption is
increasing.
 Policy contexts approaches are giving
attention towards unequal social
distribution of tobacco. It is important
to notice that how public health
measures are taken against tobacco
and social inequality and divisions.
 The political; context of the problem is
based on three dimensions like social
change, social structures and individual
experience (Lilford and Hughes, 2020).
 People have also started consuming
tobacco especially young generation in
name of modernization.
Intermediary Determinants

Material Circumstances Behaviors and Biological Factors Psychosocial Factors
 It is observed that people started
consuming alcohol by getting
influenced from their family or
neighbourhood.
 Tobacco consumption is also based on
the consumption potential potential
and its capacity to purchase it. If they
have good financial condition then
people can buy more tobacco and will
also consume more and will get more
prone to tobacco illness.
 Physical work environment also
contribute in influencing the people. If
people around them is consuming
tobacco then there are chances that
they will force him or her also to start
consuming.
 Sometimes behaviour and biological
factors also influence a person to
consume.
 Genetic factors motivate an individual
and attract him or her towards such
habit which is harmful for an
individual.
 Sometimes the social groups around
which an individual is surrounded also
impact a person. He or she can stuck in
bad habit easily (Khairat and et.al.,
2019).
 It is found that people have started
consuming alcohol more because of
stressful life. As the competition in
terms of everything especially career is
increasing and that is leading stress
and depression among people.
 To get temporary rid from stress an
individual have started consuming
tobacco, smoking or alcohol. Although
it releases stress on temporary basis
but it damages body and causes
various illness.
 Stress is not limited to career only but
in relationships also people are facing
various issues which is giving them
stress. An individual is not getting social
support so they start consuming
tobacco to get temporary relief. Now
person have started coping each other
lifestyle and if they are not successful
in that then they went into depression.
Differentials

Differential Exposure Differential Vulnerability Differential Consequences
Social stratification means different access over
autonomy, power, social groups etc. social
stratification brings social inequality (Park, Jung
and Kim, 2018). If some groups in the society
have more access on resources as compare to
others then the resource distribution will be
definitely unequal. It is seen in health sector
also. Treatment facilities or using some
resources are allowed to certain group of
society like priority are given to them first. It an
individual who does not belong to any
privileged group and will not get treatment on
time then its health conditions can become
severe. Societies can be stratified on various
factors like gender, colour, social class, age etc.
Differential exposure and differential
vulnerability are the two elements which form
association between socio-economic
differences. If the exposure of stressors are
high then there are chances that it will result
in adverse health outcomes. It is found that
stress is the social element of health
inequality. Stress increases mental and
physical health problems.
Differential vulnerability is not good. It
creates inequalities. Some of the sub
group of the society will get all
benefits but some will not. So it can
seen that there are health inequality.
Backward people of social group are
not getting proper protection so they
are into more health related risk. They
does not get privilege which other
section of society is getting. It is the
feeling of discrimination and not
equality.
Summary of Health Equity Considerations
As per the health equity assessment social strata is the cause of health inequalities (Mehdipanah and et.al., 2021). Social stratification means when
treatment for health is provided on the basis of colour, gender, social status, power etc. here it is seen that there is discrimination and equal
treatment is not given to everyone. This report has discussed about how neighbourhood, family or other things can influence an individual to intake
tobacco. When an individual will see in his or her school or family or workplace then he or she will also develop habit of taking tobacco. Tobacco is
very harmful for the body because it will leads to various illness or diseases which are lung cancer, chronic diseases, heart diseases etc. it is also
observed that in the name of being modern, young generation have also started taking alcohol. Nowadays people are surrounded with stress and
depression and in order to release the stress people especially young generation is consuming tobacco. As there are many factors on which
individual often remain in stress like relationships, career etc. all social groups are not getting equal treatment and protection and because of that
health inequalities arises. The health equity assessment will help to understand the damages which tobacco is creating in human life. When
complete information about the problem will get collected then it will become easy to make program and also to execute it. The assessment will
help to know the targeted audience and also what illness tobacco is creating (Liu and et.al., 2021). When proper understanding and knowledge
related to tobacco related illness will get collected then it will become easy to prevent or control.

Significance
This program is very helpful for improvising public health. As this program will spread awareness amongst public about the impacts of tobacco and
also give general public awareness that what harm tobacco can cause to human body. As illness because of consumption of tobacco is increasing so
it is very important to conduct program so that public can get knowledge. When public will get awareness that how much tobacco is harmful for
them then their health will improved. Healthy public will make healthy society and that will be helpful in increasing or enhancing economic growth.
Public health is the major concern so by starting programs so that awareness can be created is the best way to create healthy society (Dermody and
et.al., 2020). This program will target age group of 25- 60 because this is the age group in which people consume tobacco more and it is also the
growing age. So it is important that people will stop consuming tobacco especially in growing age so that their bright future will not get destroyed.
Tobacco causes many illness like lung cancer, diabetes, paralysis etc so if public will get aware that consuming tobacco can cause such diseases
then they there are possibility that people will stop consuming tobacco.
Program will help in preventing or controlling tobacco consumption which will help is reducing illness or diseases which is associated with tobacco
consumption. The program has been implemented very carefully because its objective and goal is to create healthy society which is free from
tobacco. As tobacco is harmful for health and also stopping young generation to grow. The delivery of this program will provide benefit to whole
society because it will create awareness among society people (Smiley and et.al., 2021). The program has made to the point so that its message can
reach to the targeted audience and the prevention of tobacco can be done.

References
Dermody, S.S. and et.al., 2020. We are in this together: Promoting health equity, diversity, and inclusion in tobacco research for sexual and gender
minority populations. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 22(12). pp.2276-2279.
Fawole, O.I., 2017. The 5ws: the epidemiologist's quest. Ibadan University Press.
Flamand, C. and et.al., 2017. Epidemiological assessment of the severity of dengue epidemics in French Guiana. PLoS One. 12(2). p.e0172267.
Khairat, S. and et.al., 2019. Advancing health equity and access using telemedicine: a geospatial assessment. Journal of the American Medical
Informatics Association. 26(8-9). pp.796-805.
Lilford, P. and Hughes, J.C., 2020. Epidemiology and mental illness in old age. BJPsych Advances. 26(2). pp.92-103.
Liu, S.R. and et.al., 2021. Pediatric ACES assessment within a collaborative practice model: Implications for health equity. American Journal of
Orthopsychiatry.
Mehdipanah, R. and et.al., 2021. Urban HEART Detroit: the Application of a Health Equity Assessment Tool. Journal of Urban Health. 98(1). pp.146-
157.
Park, J.E., Jung, S. and Kim, A., 2018. MERS transmission and risk factors: a systematic review. BMC public health. 18(1). pp.1-15.
Rabenberg, A. and et.al., 2019. The FORTA (Fit fOR The Aged)-EPI (Epidemiological) Algorithm: application of an information technology tool for
the epidemiological assessment of drug treatment in older people. Drugs & aging. 36(10). pp.969-978.
Smiley, S.L. and et.al., 2021. Peer Reviewed: Retail Marketing of Menthol Cigarettes in Los Angeles, California: a Challenge to Health
Equity. Preventing Chronic Disease. 18.

Appendix A—Social, Epidemiological, Educational, and Ecological
Assessments
Description of Current Status Description of Desired Outcome
Phase 1:
Social Assessment
 Quality of Life (QoL)
The life quality of people who are consuming
tobacco on regular basis is worst. As they are
prone to many diseases or illness like lung
cancer etc.
Every human deserve good quality of life and
if those people who are consuming tobacco
on regular basis or occasionally will leave the
habit of tobacco consumption then their
quality of life can be improved.
Phase 2:
Epidemiological Assessment
 Indicators (mortality, morbidity,
disability data)
 Other factors (genetic, behavioral,
environmental)
It is observed that people who consumes more
tobacco their life have become worst and the
chances of disability has also increased in those
people. Morbidity rate of person who is
consuming tobacco also increases as they have
started facing respiratory infections.
If an individual will stop taking tobacco then
its mortality rate will decrease because they
will face less illness.
Phase 3:
Educational and Ecological Assessment
 Predisposing Factors
 Enabling Factors
 Reinforcing Factors
People who are in taking tobacco their
predisposing factors risk increases. They faces
depression or anxiety. Those people are also
not getting reinforcing benefits like social
support etc.
People who are suffering from illness should
have get support from their family and peer
so that they can recover fast. Habit of people
depends on its attitude and behaviour so an
individual should always have positive
attitude.