Tolerance Training Option Or Differential Negative Reinforcement Of All Other Behaviors

This article discusses the concept of Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviour (DRI) and its application in treating maladaptive behaviors. It also covers the overcorrection procedure and its use in treating aggressive-disruptive behaviors. The article highlights the challenges associated with DRI and overcorrection procedures. The subject matter is relevant to behavior analysis and psychology courses.

Tolerance Training Option
Or Differential Negative
Reinforcement Of All Other
Behaviors

Table of Contents
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour (DRI)..........................................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviour (DRI)
DRI is a weakening procedure completely operates with accordance on reinforcement. The
reinforced behaviour is incompatible in both the senses that is desirably incompatible as well as
topographically incompatible (Fishe and et. al., 2019). As reinforced behaviour is not the target
one and the rationale is that an individual in any way cannot be engaged in two incompatible
behaviours altogether. One behaviour if got strengthened then another must have been observed
to have weakened. The procedure of DRI can be generally utilised to intervene with a child who
does not behave properly or used to remain out of his seat in the classroom. The behaviour that
found to be incompatible with roaming behaviour of the child is that of being seated. The
advantage of DRI is that it focusses on positive practices, and not elimination of unwanted
behaviour. This is the reason that it sometimes referred as a constructional approach to
weakening behaviour. One of the major challenges with DRI that it is difficult to search for a
behaviour which is appropriate and that is incompatible with reference to topography with the
target behaviour. Another potential challenge observed is inability of an individual to involve in
behaviour which is incompatible for whole time they would involve normally in the target
behaviour (Kunnavatana and et. al., 2018). This complies with 100% rule. Another example is
reinforcement on playing piano which might be used to treat preschool child who have the
tendency to beat other children. But it needs to be considered that the children could not be
expected to play the piano the whole time even when attend in preschool.
Many researchers have conducted the research on evaluation of association of behaviour
principles related to the acceptability of treatment of ratings. Many participants have selected
which included 57 directive care staff members. To all the participants, a case description was
presented along with many manipulations from low to severe level of self-injurious behaviour.
Although overcorrection processes have been used commonly with the individuals suffering with
mental problem on level of institution. These processes can be employed in the treatment of case
of emotional disturbances, autism, disorders related to behaviour in a variety of settings.
Numerous studies observed to be focused on children, but studies have not ignored the
opportunity of working and studying with adults. Bechtel and Foxx classified maladaptive
behaviour and conducted their studies which tends to treat those cases under studies by using
technique of overcorrection. And duet researcher categorises the aggressive-disruptive
behaviours, toileting behaviours, self-injurious behaviours, self-stimulatory behaviours,
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educational-social development behaviour, and inappropriate oral behaviour. Most applications
in context to overcorrection has occurred on history with self-stimulatory, aggressive- disruptive
and toileting behaviours (Cho and et. al., 2019).
The overcorrection procedure has been initiated as a method of toilet training in which persons
suffered with mental problems has been made to participate within institutional settings. Dry-bed
training which is an extensive set of procedure has been used by the bladder and bowel accidents.
The processes generally include those activities of mopping the floor, redressing oneself in clean
clothing, cleaning solid items, cleaning wet items, replacing bed linens, and walking practices to
the washroom by performing the activity repeated times, includes many activities like sitting,
standing, pulling of the pants down that is, all the activities have been considered which are
included in practice of appropriate toileting. Then the modifications of the procedures have been
done to apply the process on children who have a great emphasis placed on positive aspect if the
practice component that is, practice of repeated walking to the direction of washroom and
develop toileting behaviours in the children. It is not surprising to know that similar procedure
has been applied within the children who have been reported to be diagnosed with encopresis
(May, Aupperle and Stewart, 2020). Treatment applied within different populations and variations
were present across various studies, despite all these factors it has been observed that the
duration of overcorrection in context with toileting behaviours has been observed to lie between
the duration of 30 minutes to 45 minutes. As the process of overcorrection has been combined
with many other effective procedures like Mowrer’s bell-and-pad training, Mowrer, and
reinforcement of suitable voiding, it has been analysed that it is impossible to determine the
relative contribution of overcorrection to the successful results which has been reported in
multicomponent programs of the treatment.
Overcorrection has been employed along with aggressive-disruptive behaviours,
extensively in the treatment of relatively mild problems, for example, talking out or behaviour of
running out of seat, and it can also be used in the case of extreme acts, like sexual assault, hitting
ang biting. Procedures used for the aggressive-disruptive behaviour is a typical overcorrection
procedure which has been used in the activities of ripping up the items, picking up and throwing
off the items, apologising behaviour of the victim, and assist them in medical care (MacNaul and
Neely, 2018). When the clients were not associated in the activities of overcorrection, many
studies have decided and conducted to perform the combination of overcorrection with many
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procedures which included positive reinforcement and verbal warnings. By using DRI or DRO
processes, positive reinforcement has been made contingent either in the case when the
behaviour of aggression or disruption was not present for a specific period or on the responses
that supposed to be incompatible with the target behaviour (Jessel and et. al., 2018).
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Fisher, W.W., Felber, J.M., Phillips, L.A., Craig, A.R., Paden, A.R. and Niemeier, J.J.,
2019. Treatment of resistance to change in children with autism. Journal of applied
behavior analysis, 52(4), pp.974-993.
Kunnavatana, S.S., Bloom, S.E., Samaha, A.L., Slocum, T.A. and Clay, C.J., 2018.
Manipulating parameters of reinforcement to reduce problem behavior without
extinction. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 51(2), pp.283-302.
Cho, S.B., Su, J., Kuo, S.I., Bucholz, K.K., Chan, G., Edenberg, H.J., McCutcheon, V.V.,
Schuckit, M.A., Kramer, J.R. and Dick, D.M., 2019. Positive and negative reinforcement
are differentially associated with alcohol consumption as a function of alcohol
dependence. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33(1), p.58.
May, A.C., Aupperle, R.L. and Stewart, J.L., 2020. Dark times: the role of negative
reinforcement in methamphetamine addiction. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11, p.114.
Jessel, J., Ingvarsson, E.T., Metras, R., Kirk, H. and Whipple, R., 2018. Achieving
socially significant reductions in problem behavior following the interview‐informed
synthesized contingency analysis: A summary of 25 outpatient applications. Journal of
Applied Behavior Analysis, 51(1), pp.130-157.
MacNaul, H.L. and Neely, L.C., 2018. Systematic review of differential reinforcement of
alternative behavior without extinction for individuals with autism. Behavior
Modification, 42(3), pp.398-421.
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