Operations and Project Management

This document discusses the principles of operations and project management, focusing on their implementation in an organizational context. It also explores the importance of continuous improvement plans and applies the steps of the product life cycle to the Cross-rail project. The document provides insights into the strategies and objectives of the project, as well as the cost and communication aspects.

Operations And Project
Management

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION
Operations management is associated with the planning, organizing and monitoring of
production process. It is concerned with the redesigning business operations in the
manufacturing of goods and services. This is administration of business practices in order to
create high level of proficiency and efficiency within the organisation. It has been involved
transforming material and labour into goods and services effectively. Team of operations
management id responsible for balancing cost with revenue. In addition this, project management
is defined as leading the team effectively as to achieve the gaols and to meet the success of task
in given period of time. It is a application of methods, skills, knowledge and experience in order
to accomplish the specified project objective as per project given criteria and in given time.
Moreover, operations and project management deals in plan of business actions in which issues
are going systematically (Papachristos, and. et. al., 2020). It has been work in groups in order to
provides excellent way to select their aims and objectives that are align with organisational
mission and vision. This report is divided in to two part, 1st part is based operation management
of Tesco, which is a British based multinational groceries and general merchandise retailing
company with headquarter in Welwyn garden city, England. 2nd part is based on project
management of cross-rail, this is a railway construction project in London central. This report
includes analysis and implementation of management principles in organisation context, plan for
contentious improvement in operations management. Furthermore it includes, analysis of project
life cycle and effectiveness of PLC in given project.
MAIN BODY
PART 1
P1) conduct a review and critique of implementation of operations management principles
within an organisational context.
`Operation management defined as, it is the management of business practices to develop
the highest level of efficiency possible with in the company. It converting materials and labour
into products and services as significantly to enhance the profit maximization for the company. It
attempts to balance cost with revenue to acquire the highest net operating profit. To understand
this administration it involves the utilizing resources from staff, equipment and technology.
Higher authority of operations looks forward to accomplish, develop and deliver products to the
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consumer, fulfil their needs and enhance quality of the organization. it handles the several issues
of strategic, involving analysing the size of manufacturing plants and project management
methods and implementing the design of information technology system. It also include the
management of inventory levels, raw materials acquisition, quality control and maintenance
policy (Heldman, 2018). Operation management studying the uses of unfinished goods and
reduces the waste. Managers takes the formula such as economic order quantity to adjudicate the
huge number of inventory order in process and how much inventory is under processing. There
are various principle of operation management which is used by Tesco are given below:
Reality: managers focus on problems, cop up with difficulties there is no any kind of
technique that give universal solutions.
Organization: The processing of manufacturing are interconnected. All components
must be foreseeable in addition to acquire some results in profits.
Fundamentals: Authorities of organization they have to know how to take basic
fundamentals for efficiency of business because it is the key of excellence so that production can
run towards the success.
Variance: It has to be boost because if situation managed properly, differences might be
convert into source of creativity.
Education and training management : It is a universal program. Which requires setting
characteristics, developing plans, supervising and motivating people, coordinating the activities,
acquiring goals and evaluating efforts among the achievement of aims and objectives. In relation
of Tesco organization looking forward to utilize principles to build their employee aware about
duties and responsibilities so that they are able to perform best and increase their skills by giving
them training.
Quality control: it refers different concepts and set of fundamental beliefs, norms, rules,
values that build up the quality assurance of the company that give by managers and staff with
the philosophy and strategies necessary to change the process of service and product delivery.
Tesco utilize this principle to give the quality in their operations and giving quality food items to
consumers so that company stand on its commitment ( Give proper Customer satisfaction).
Success: Operation management states that it fulfil the requirement of the organization
and get success In terms of maximizing profitability. Tesco manage their changes in operations
as per the needs and demands of consumer.
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Collaborating with customers: It is essential for organization to understand the mindset
of consumer that what they looking forward to purchase, is it beneficial for that or not. It also get
to know about customer priority and its taste (Lee, 2018).
M1) Analyse the implementation of operation management
What is six sigma
It gives tools and techniques to the organization that improve the capability of heir
business entity. It enhance the performance and reduces in process variation assist lead to defect
enhancement in profits, employee morale and quality assurance of product and services. It also
involve the business results to know the actual data and exceeds consumer needs or expectation.
Methodology of six sigma in operation management (Kumar, Mookerjee and Shubham, 2018) .
In operation management, six sigma improves the quality, reducing cost and saving time
of the operations. It is attempted for high end engineering and manufacturing, where
organization desire Six sigma quality but it can be adopted for other product and service
industries. It is very expensive to implement but done in ethical manner. It also refer high
performance strategy in identifying the root causes of businesses difficulties and solve out them.
In this it is technique which wiling to do equal team work among the aims objectives and
improve results by removing the variable quantity. It include lean manufacturing to get rid of
different kinds of waste such as non useful talent, imperfection and complete manufacture. It
give whole frame work to improve t he organization change.
Lean principle
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It simply means developing more value for consumer with less resources, a lean
organization analyse the customer value and focuses on its key process to continuously enhanced
it. The ultimate aim is to give perfect value to the customer and create flow after reducing waste
from the value stream. Some strategies for ensuring that value adding activities, reduce friction,
or stalls in the flow of the value to the customer that is very beneficial for the organization in
term of overall perception (Kerzner, 2019).
P2) Make a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles
Continuous improvident plan is refers to the set of activities which are designed to
implementation gradual and ongoing improvements in products, services and processes with the
help of constant review, measurement and action. This strategy has been executed at each level
of function in order to take action as per their comments and response (Kerzner, 2018).
Lean principle
This principle provide support in to make improvements in efficiency, productivity, plus
scrap and cost of material to enhance competitiveness. This involves 5 principles which is
explained below:
Identify the
value
This is the basic principle of lean that has identify the value of customers
which they seek to pay.
Mapping value
stream
It includes all the strategies which taken any goods and services by ant
process. The main purpose is to analyse every that could not adding value then
find new method which provides favourable outcome.
Create flow This ensures that remaining process has to go effectively without nay
challenges and interruptions.
Establish pull In this there is no limit of inventory while ensuring that needed detail are
available for smooth running of operations.
Seek
performance
After four stage, it develop lean intelligent along with constant process
improvement as a pert of company's culture.
Continuous improvement plan
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Basis Existing methodology Proposed methodology
Cost Tesco is currently using principle for
cost effectively. They are providing
sweat shirt in two categories in which
one is made from cotton and another
from polyester. But enable to reduce
cost, as company need to have
convince power to give reason for
purchase which is a time consuming
process.
Organisation is seek to reduce production
cost so that goods and services will
available at nominal prices. Through
which purchasing power of consumers
will be enhanced (Shirley, 2020).
Quality Organisation is using accountability
methodology in which only managers
and superiors involves in decision
making process for making high
quality of products and services
(Prasad, and. et. al., 2019).
They should adopt participative
management at work place in which all
group members or employees get
involves and give their ideas, opinion,
suggestion that help in develop better
quality of product and services (Meredith,
and. et. al., 2020).
Safety Tesco has been following realistic
principle and launching latest
machinery in single bed that provides
support in to produce light and easy
wear. But with this, the are fail, to
solve difficulties of workers regarding
new innovation (Kanakaris, and. et.
al., 2019).
When internal and external people are
happy then it is safe to use latest
technology. So it is important to solve
workers problem and have to come up
effective solution.
Delivery The organisation has been utilising
the passion methodology in order to
carry excellent for products. In which
they are not able to communicate with
the employees to know particular
Tesco have to implement good
communication channel or network for
the effective coordination. This provides
support in to improve delivery process of
the company. Once a network is formed
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objectives through which workers are
not able to carry products on time.
then company get benefits on regular
basis.
 Organisation have to be particular on the different principles for the production process,
delivering of products along with functions while considering the cost cutting strategy.
This provide support in to reduce prices through which consumers base enhanced. This
will asses in to build strong competitiveness within the market place along with high
profitability.
 There is a lack of communication available in organisation, on which higher authorities
should try to enhance communication channel and networks as in order acquire better
quality of company. Along with this, it help in to enhance employee engagement and
retention (Slack, 2018).
M2) Evaluate the importance of a continuous improvement plan
It include the every concept procedure that has been developed by a person which based
on their knowledge of the system and output at the point. It is ongoing process of goods and
services through enhances breakthrough changes , it works constantly which re examine and
changing processes, product and services. It include overall performance as well as improvement
in an company so that business can run smoothly and efficiently and enhance the productivity
and profitability. There are different profit of continuous improvement such as more engaged
people and having a appropriate learning and culture.
D1) Apply appropriate theories and concept to justify improvement plan
Continuous improvement includes the plan do check act, the quality of model gain
continuous improvement by following steps with in cycle. It analyse the opportunity and make
plan for the improvement and it helps in production on periodically basis. This could be regular
enhancement improvements or looking forward to accomplish larger process changes.
Continuous improvement is very essential for the organization because if organisation works as
same, so employee will not satisfy with their work. Organisation have to implement this
principle for he betterment and also gives the opportunity to grow more employee as well as
organization.
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PART 2
P3) Apply every steps of product life cycle in Cross-rail project
Project life cycle: This is defined as the procedure through which project goes from its
initial to closure. The number of steps in sequence has been determined by the need of
organisation, nature of project and area of application (Zwikael and Meredith, 2018). This is
concerned with the basic basic foundation of actions which is taken by organisation to performed
project. The main motive of project life cycle is to accomplish the gaols and objective and
directing the groups of cross rail. Phases involve in project life cycle has been explained below:
Initiation: In this phase, objectives and need of the project has been identified, in which
project manager has a responsibility to gather information and with that creates project schedule
that has been authorizes the project and documentation that is a basic requirements (Bredillet,
Tywoniak and Tootoonchy, 2018). With the respective of cross rail, the industry use
methodology in business task for staring a project in which objective of project, vision and
mission of cross-rail project along with their strategies has been discussed. Industry overview: The cross-rail is project of railway construction which has been
undertaken in central London. The main purpose of this is to provide frequency to
sunburn passenger services that are travelling in west to east in London. The project was
approved in 2007 and initiated construction in 2009 on the section in centre or existing
lines connection that become route part. Vision and mission: The vision of cross-rail project is to provide good quality of services
in which people feel safe and attract more potential customers towards the project. Along
with increasing value of cross-rail project within the market place. Moreover, mission is
to contribute in the economy through providing more job opportunity and reduce
competition around the project. Objectives: The objective of cross-rail is to enhance capacity of rail, reduce crowding and
encourage the connectivity between south east England to London.
 Strategy: The project develop a strong strategy in order to overcome industry's issues. In
this people's security and safety is major for that effective strategy and planning is
required (Turner, 2018).
Planning of project: this phase has been lay down the detailed structure through which project
has been performed and make it success.
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 Cost: The cost for this project has been estimated £14.8 billions. Communication: Before implementation the plan should be communicated among every
employees in order to get ideas, suggestions and opinions along with new techniques. Quality: Cross-rail main motive is to provide h8ighine quality services along with safety
of passengers.
 Scope: This project have a major for increasing success of the industry in future,
maximum profit and more job opportunity to local people.
Implementation phase: This is the phase in which decisions and activities that
determined during planning phase has been implemented. This is associated with executing plan
into action as to get desirables and positive outcomes. Here cross-rail punctuate over work force
of the project and detail of progress has been reported through frequently meeting with groups
members.
Monitoring: At this this cross-rail will monitor the entire plan by using various tools and
techniques. In this manager will evaluate actual performance and compare with standard
performance along with its quality, cost and time taken so that effectiveness of project can be
measure (Bjorvatn and Wald, 2018).
Termination: It is the final and last stage of project life cycle, in which they are handling
the legal documentation, terminate, suppliers and realising final to people. In this “post mortem”
strategy has been which help in to managing work, resources, deadline etc.
Recommendation: organization have to do overview of market and also do survey so they are
able to analyse appropriate data or requirement of the project, that is very essential.
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M3) Evaluate the principle of the project methodologies tools and leadership with in product life
cycle
Methodologies is used to provide right path to cross rail project, the main purpose is to
give framework, standardize and organise the methods in work effectively. That will help in to
get proper path through positive outcomes can be produced. Along with this, it also provides
right guidelines to execute the plan into action in a appropriate manner. Tools are the important
elements which is used in projects for the effective outcomes and also provides improved quality
to project. Leadership is refers to ability of individual to direct, influence and guide the group of
people towards common goal of organisation. This is essential for planning, executing,
controlling and termination of the project, at every stage worker need right directions and
motivation to perform in effective way. This help in achieving goals and objectives of cross-rail
project.
P4) Critically analyse the effectiveness of the product life cycle
Product life cycle id the important tool for the cross-rail project, as this offer guidance I
developing strategies for the proper utilisation of stages and promote the overall success of the
project at a market place. This approach is framed for carrying project in a systematic manner in
order to get effective outcomes. All steps in product life cycle is used organised and control all
activity in effective way. In which aim of cross-rail project very clear and defined and they have
prepare proper budgets and time structure. There are several theories that a company utilised to
evaluate the effectiveness of the project life cycle in success of the project:
Programme theory: This theory explains that how strategies, policy or programme is
being understood in order to contribute in the effective results that has been produce appropriate
results. It include both positive and negative impact and also shows the other factors that
contribute in to producing impacts. There are several diagrams which has been used to represents
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programme theory such as logic models in which they show overall logic of how the intervention
is being understand the work effectively. With the support of this, cross-rail project ensures
favourable outcomes with strategic planning
Performance management: It is refers to the management tool which provides support to
managers in evaluating and monitoring performance of the workforce. Its main goal is to develop
a positive environment where employees can work with full potential in order to produce
maximum work quality in appropriate manner. This has been used by he cross-rail project in
order analyse the performance and encourage it with the employees participation. Through which
manager improve motivation, employees engagement and retention through which quality of
work is being produced (Heigermoser, and. et. al., 2019) (
KPI: This is key performance indicator that has been used to measure value and
performance of specific task or business activity. This has been demonstrate that how effectively
a company is accomplishing its gaols and objectives. This is used by organisations at various
level of management in order to analyse their success at reaching targets. There are several types
of KPI to measure success, and each department use different KPI based specified goals and
objectives. Before implementation it is important to identify that which type of indicator is
relevant to the department or industry. Cross-rail project has been used this to get actual
performance rate and how effectively it is contributing in the success of the project Chirumalla,
2018).
M4) Critically analyse how the use of suitable theories, or models in the product life cycle will
differentiate between large and small level projects.
Cross-rail has been utilising appropriate theories, concept and models in PLC as per the
cost of project. Industry can measure the effectiveness in management through comparing the
outcomes of small and large scale project. In cross-rail project their aim is clear and well defined,
they are getting both scale of project small and large. Programme theory has been used by the
project through which it easily understand the intervention and their contribution in the effective
results. This help company into ensures smooth and effective running of the function with use of
appropriate strategies and policies. Moreover, performance management help the cross-rail in to
enhance quality of performance which help to attract customers. Furthermore, Key performance
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indicator provide support in to measure value and performance of the project (Manikas, and. et.
al., 2020).
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion it has been evaluated that operations management deals with
the redesigning and controlling of manufacturing process of product and services. Project
management has been concerned with planning, organising, motivation and controlling of the
resources in order to accomplish objective of project as per given criteria and time. It has been
involves review and implementation of operation management principles along with contentious
improvement based plan. Through implementation of six sigma, lean principle along with
appropriate theories and models which has benefits company as well as customers. As every
organisation looking forward to enhance the productivity and expand their business in order to
generate high revenue and make profitability ratio. Moreover project life cycle has been analysed
in order to measure its effectiveness.
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