Dental Surgery Procedures and Complications

This assignment delves into the realm of dental surgery, encompassing a wide range of topics. It begins by outlining various dental surgical instruments and their uses. The document then proceeds to explain different minor oral surgery procedures, providing detailed descriptions of each step involved. A significant portion is dedicated to understanding how to manage post-operative instructions (POI) for diverse patient groups, including adults, children, the elderly, and those with special needs. The assignment further explores potential complications that can arise during dental surgery, such as nerve damage, hemorrhage, and equipment failure. It emphasizes the importance of prompt action and appropriate treatment strategies to address these complications effectively.

Task 1
Question 1: DN11 1.3 range 2a-q
Explain the purpose and the functions of each of the following equipment, materials, instruments
and medicaments during surgery procedures?
Topical anaesthetic- this is used to control pain during surgical procedures like laceration repair,
from injections, etc. Moreover, it avoids risk of wound margin anaesthesia that exists in infiltrative
injection.
Local anaesthetic- It is used to numb feelings in specific part of body which helps in preventing pain
during surgical procedures.
Syringes and needles- they are sterilised devices which is used to inject solutions or collect blood
sample or withdraw secretions from body.
Luxators and/or elevators – there function is they are used in circular cutting motion while applying
apical pressure. Through this, tooth surrounding bone and periodontal ligament is separated.
Extraction Forceps- they are used extracting teeth from alveolar bone. For example, tools such as
forcepes, canines, lower incisors, etc.
Scalpel- usually there are reusable and is used for cutting,
Periosteal elevator- its function is that it is used in lifting thickness of soft tissue flaps. The tissue
needs to be protected otherwise flap gets shredded.
Cheek retractor- this equipment is used dental surgery in keeping the mouth of patient open.
Spencer Wells- they are used to compress artery, seal blood vessel, etc.
Suture- it is used to hold edges of wound during surgery.
and suture holder- it used to hold body tissues after surgery.
Dissecting forceps- they are used in reconstruction of eyelid surgery.
Scissors- Basically, there purpose is in cutting threads, taking stiches, etc.
Surgical suction tip- they are the pumps that are used in removing surgical fluids, tissue, etc. before
and after surgery.
Surgical hand- they are used to remove debris, microorganisms from nails, hands, etc.

piece and burs- it is used in removing unwanted piece of material during deburring process.
Irrigation- it is a mixture of chemical and antibiotic which is used to clean wound before surgery.
syringe, Needle, Solution- the solution is useful in sterilising and removing bacteria, germs from it.
Haemostatic Medicaments – this is a process which helps surgeon to get a clear vision during
surgery. Also, it reduced time of OR.
Question 2: DN11 1.3, range 3ab, 4a-h, DN15 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6
Describe the following minor oral surgery procedures including equipment, instruments, material
and medicaments and their purpose: Explain your role during each:
a) Implants: Also Known as the Dental implant surgery. Being a nursing professional, I will look
after the proper planning of the surgical processes and taking care of the patients.
b) Apicectomy – Include raising the mucoperiosteal flap: also known as the root canal treatment,
it is a endodontic surgery that will help in refilling the cavities of the organisation with biocompatible
material.
c) Fraenectomy: can be termed as frenulum removal it includes the alterations of the connecting
tissues of the organ in order to move from their place. As a nursing professional, I will look after the
proper assistance to the dentist in carrying out of this surgery.
d) Biopsy: it is a cross sectional analysis of a tissue or sample cells that will help in identification of
any severe disease like cancer or tumour. Being a nursing professional I will look after the proper
assessment of the biopsy reports.
e) Removal of impacted teeth – Include the occasional need for sectioning: this suirgical process is
carried out mostly in cases of the impacted wisdom teeth's (Molars and premolars) and required the
surgical extraction on a wider basis. As a medical official, I will look after the proper assessment of
the health conditions and severity of diesease.
f) Removal of buried roots: This is a surgical procedure that is been carried out when the teeth is
been removed but the root remains in the gum or Jawbone, leading to decay and infection. This will
help in proper assessment of the operations and thus will lead the proper providence of treatment
as nursing professional.
g) Removal of erupted teeth: it is carried out to reduce the chances of further injury in gum line or
cheeks, as the medical professional the proper management of the erupted teeth's are required to
be kept in order to meet the surgical needs of patients
h) Removal of unerupted teeth and roots.: It can be classified into the orthodontic treatment of
jaw lines that leads to intecting or removal of teeth's with or without roots. As a dental professional I
have to ensure the proper assessment of infection or pain in patient.

i) Removal of deciduous teeth: when the primary teeth doesn't fall, it leads to surgical extraction.
Medical professional are required to look after it as it is carried out in early age.
j) Bone removal: it is carried out in cases of erupted teeth, or tooth decay that helps in proper
treatment of teeth's with such medical conditions. It will help in proper assessment of the
operation's and thus will lead to handling of any sort of dental condition.
Question 3: DN11 3.2 range 1a-d
Explain the process of giving POI to the following groups and how you confirm with the operator
they are fit to leave the surgery.
a) Adults- in this POI is given by conducting risk assessment.
b) Children and young people- Here, POI is uncomplicated and can last up to 3-4 days.
c) Older people- here, POI is given through acute and chronic opioid use. Also, abdominal surgery
is done for this.
d) Those with special needs- in this POI is given by doing analysis.
Question 4: DN11 2.5 range 2a-e
Explain how to respond to the following complications and what action would you take?
a) Nerve damage: As the nerve damage cannot be reverted completely, it can be managed using
the proper treatment and medication that will help in regaining the oral sensation.
b) Haemorrhage: the loss of blood is required to be stopped with immediate effect. Besides this,
effective blood infusion and supplies of electrolyte can be placed.
c) Oral antral fistula: The maxillary sinus will look after the proper management of oral cavity. It is
required to surgically removed.
d) Equipment failure: proper backups can be kept in case of any sort of emergency condition that
will lead to risk condition for a patients and its treatment.
e) Collapse: proper regaining of the consciousness and maintaining of the blood flow should be
controlled.