Tourism and Travel Management Study

The provided document is a collection of references related to tourism and travel management. It includes various academic sources such as books, journals, and conference papers that cover topics like tour operations, management, and marketing. The references are listed in a specific format with authors' names, publication years, and titles. This study material can be helpful for students who need to research or write about tourism and travel management-related topics.

TOUR OPERATION
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Effect of recent and current trends as well as development on the tour operators industry
................................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Various stages in developing a holiday............................................................................2
P 2.2 Suitability of various methods of contracting for different elements of the holiday....3
2.3 Selling price of a holiday as per the given information....................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Evaluation of the planning decisions taken for the design of a selected brochure...........5
P 3.2 Suitability of alternatives to a traditional brochure for various types of tour operators6
P 3.3 Various methods of distribution used to sell holiday for different types of tour operators
................................................................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P 4.1 Strategic decisions developed by different types of tour operators..............................9
P 4.2 Compare the tactical decisions that could be taken by a selected tour operator in
different situations................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Travelling and tour industry one of the emerging industry in UK which is furnishing
varied of travelling and holiday packages in industry (Alim, Ray and Hossain 2016). The report
will inclusion of analysis of the effects of current and recent trends and developments on the tour
operators and assess the sages and timescales involves in developing appropriate holiday plan in
respective manner. The report will be discussed about Trailfinders organisation, which is UK
based well-known tour operator organisation. The firm will be able to implementation of variety
of planning decisions taken for the design of a selected brochure and Suitability of alternatives to
a traditional brochure for various types of tour operators. Apart from it, the assignment also will
be discussed about different s Strategic decisions developed by different types of tour operators.
TASK 1
1.1 Effect of recent and current trends as well as development on the tour operators industry
There are many industries that
contribute effectively towards
growth and development of
economy. Among these, travel
and tourism industry is one
that supports the country to
raise their economic condition.
However, with time, there are
many changes that take place
in relation with technology and
all these aspects are considered
so that rate of satisfaction to
customers can be met.
Perception of people has been
developed in a positive manner
through social media.
Individuals post their
experience of visiting foreign
countries and this enables to
As per the recent or
current trends, it is important
to focus on innovation so that
large number of people can get
attracted. In this respect, tour
operator like Trailfinders need
to develop attractive packages
that can help in raising
tourism. In this way, the set of
goals and objectives that are
set can be attained in an
appropriate manner.
To make their business
in order to raise their sales and
profitability, Trailfinders make
sure that frequent changes are
made in their tour packages.
Below given are effects of the
recent or current to
Independent travellers:
Around the world, the number
of independent travellers are
raising. For this context, main
reason is availability of online
packages which are provided
cheaply (Bellman, 2015). This
way, there are negative impact
faced by other tour operators.
Further, travellers also have
the opportunity to make
comparison of all the available
packages and thus selection of
those are done that covers
wider areas at cheaper price.
Technology: There are
frequent changes that has taken
place in relation with travel
and tourism. These type of

develop positive impact
towards tourism among
viewers. (Beirman, 2016).
Trailfinders: changes are made so that
people can attracted. The type
of coverage made helps in
considering the need and
requirements in effective
manner.
TASK 2
2.1 Various stages in developing a holiday
The rate of competition has raised tremendously and this has caused tour operating
companies to make sure that proper steps are taken in order to develop strong customer’s base.
With this respect, Trailfinders Ltd. focus on developing attractive tour services. More
specifically, they ain at offering travellers luxurious services and high quality services so that
rate of support can be raised in effective manner (Bhatia, 2012). As per one of the plan that is
developed by cited firm, it is for 42 students, a trip of 5 days, destination are London and Paris. It
is important to make sure that services includes accommodation, transportation, food, etc. To
develop these type of package, below given are the methods involved:
Market research: There are frequent changes that take place in relation with the
preferences that they have. In this context, the perception that individuals have towards London
and Paris need to be identified before package is developed. In situation when the preferences for
these places are low, then it can cause serious issue in attain the set goals.

Planning and Scheduling: The packages should be developed in such a way that consists
of all the information starting from tour date and all the services that will be provided and it
should also include prices.
Forecasting: Further, forecasting needs to be done, in all the areas or spots that are
decided are covered. Moreover, it also includes details regarding the changes in climate that
taken place (De Koster, 2012). All these information should be provided to customers so that
take steps accordingly.
Contracting: This is done so that effective relationship is developed with customers. It
enables to provide different type of services in the tour and misunderstandings can also be
reduced.
P 2.2 Suitability of various methods of contracting for different elements of the holiday
Numerous components of holiday plan packages can be adopted by organisation to sum
total of different elements which makes the plan complete. The different factors of the holiday
for Suitability of various methods of contracting which is described as below:
Accommodation: Various types of accommodation facilities must be provided by
Trailfinders organisation during proper holiday plan (Evans, Stonehouse and Campbell, 2012).
According to holiday plans needs of 42 students and the tour is per 6 days and 5 nights. The
detained proposal refer to inclusion of a tour services form United Kingdom to Brussels and
Brugge, Belgium. During the period of tour, different contract of accommodation facilities will
be provided by tour organiser company in terms of staying in the hotels of London and other
selected places. So varied of accommodation services should be furnished by them wile
proceeding tour program within different contracts need to be done.
Travelling: Travelling services by Trailfinders tour planner must be arranged in proper
form so that, they will be able to pay attention upon ticket booking, pick and drop services or
travelling for sightseeing, for this purpose contracts will be made with airline and other bus
services provided by the organisation. So travelling services must be organised by company as
per predetermined time period so that trip would be comfortable and memorable for the student
during travelling process, overall travelling costs must be negotiated to the company to reducing
it.
Guide: Guide costing also must be included within tour planning which incur during the
travelling form different-different places in various cities as per predetermined planning. In

London and Belgium, variety of historical and memorable places located there, which will attract
students more (Filby, Stockin and Scarpaci, 2015). So total sum amount of pay will be paid to
the guide.
Food and beverages: Food and beverages costing occupy during tour program execution.
So Trailfinders organisation must be provided appropriate information about overall costing
which will occur on food and beverage expenses during entire tour program. Student may
demands for various types of food and beverage products while staying in hotels. so it being
necessary for company to ensuring the availability of foods according to students demand within
hotel.
As per above all components, Trailfinders organisation must considered all of them with
well arrangement during the holiday planning, so they will be able to manage all activities that is
needed during tour planning (Holland and Leslie, 2017). All student would have satisfied with
facilities provided by Trailfinders organisation as per its standard.
2.3 Selling price of a holiday as per the given information
In order to computing overall costing of various activities during holiday planing of 42
students group from London, United Kingdom to Brussels and Brugge, Belgium. Overall costing
must be provided by company to students which may occur while execution of tour plan.
Computing of accommodation costing: In this tour, various types of accommodation
services will be provided by organisation to students, so it necessary for the company to
displaying proper sum of overall costing which may be incur within tour (Jin-hua, 2013). So it
being necessary for the organisation to reviewing of expenses on accommodation facilities per
student.
 The cost of twin room with two adult sharing is 72 Euros and extra bed is available for 15
Euros per night per person. So as per numbers of students, 15 rooms will be booked and 6
extra beds can be taken to accommodating 15 more students in a total costing.
72 * 15 + 15 * 6 = 1170 Euros per night.
 The costing for 5 night will be 1170 * 5 = 5080 Euros.
Computing of transportation costing: Transportation costing must be included with tour
planning agenda in order to determine the actual value of expenses upon travelling section. So it
being important for Trailfinders organisation to displaying of overall costing on travelling which
may occur during execution of holiday program as desired by students. The travelling expenses

will be 1500 Euros for 21 seater luxury coach involving the cost of two divers, furl costs and
roads and ferry taxes.
The overall costing of Trailfinders firm during this tour agenda which is described as below:
FACILITIES COSTING PER STUDENT COSTING FOR 42
STUDENTS
Ticket booking £130 £5460
Accommodation facilities £105 £4410
Food and beverage expenses £120 £8820
Transportation expenses £250 £10500
Tour guide expenses £20 £840
Tour price (platinum
package)
£650 £27384
The costing of ticket booking per student will be charged £130 and upon overall costing for 42
students will be £5460. In addition, the total pricing of platinum package offering by firm for per
student costing is £650 and costing for all student will be £27384, inclusion of ticket booking,
transportation expenses and food and beverages costing etc.
TASK 3
3.1 Evaluation of the planning decisions taken for the design of a selected brochure
Varied of stages can be taken in order to proper designing of planning decision taken for
the selected brochure which is following:
Stage 1: Strategy of analysis: In this stage, important information regarding to collection
of appropriate data related to research of study. It consisted of background materials, written
brief and study related to the existing issues of the brand by particular research. Information
regarding to planning decision must be included all factors related to customer preferences and
their demand such as youngster and boys and girls students. So its attractive tour package will
attract its targeted audience in relevant form which resolves all queries related to formation of
reliable brochure (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017). The planing of brochure designing should be

involves attractive color, image, formatting and framing etc, which will attract its targeting
audience most.
Stage 2: Concept design: After completion of fist stage, further stage goes to attractive
format designing as per idea. The concepts of formation of brochure must be included all
important elements of concepts regarding to tourism and travelling sector. Several types of
attractive formation stages must be involves into designing which is, typography, technological
and geographical conceptualise, graphical stylish and proper colour combinations etc. all
appropriate concepts for designing an attractive brochure must be included into formation of it
perfectly.
Stage 3: Development and detailed designing: The chosen concept is regarding to
implementation of the various important detailed data tourism and travelling packages regarding
to development of attractive brochure which bring out more customers for business. All relevant
information concerning about travelling and tour packages or voucher must be mentioned within
particular broacher in terms of gaining proper response from its customers (Leo, 2017).
Trailfinders agency must need to include information based at London modes of transport, tour
prices, holiday packages, accommodation and hospitality facilities offering by them or
documentation required and extra charges for additional facilities must be included within
brochure.
Stage 4 : Implementation: The information gathered will help professionals to designing
of superior quality of broacher designing as per artwork needed to formation of it. The
professionals programmers assist them converting effective designing into HTML codes
efficiently.
Stage 5: Supervision of designing: In terms of improvement in quality of production,
therefore supervision play important role in order to completion of each stages in predetermined
form. So it being necessary to organisation to formation of proper framework for a specific
website, the most appropriate ways of selection the name of site (Li, Hu, Huang and Duan,
2017). The application of search engine must be included technological innovation within it to
optimise the search engine in order to execution of exact designing of brochure.
P 3.2 Suitability of alternatives to a traditional brochure for various types of tour operators
In terms of delivering desired offering regarding to travelling and tourism services, there
are majorly four types of tour operators are working in industry according to capability and

availability of resources to meeting their desired organisational goals and objectives. In today's
world due to transformation of technology and increment within glocalisation making impact
upon changing the ways of selling or offering of products and services in marketplace. In order
to gathering variety of informational regarding to brochure, the business professional can
utilisation of internet services in order to execution of proper marketing or promotional activities
of variety of tour operators (MAINA, 2015). In this context, for example, the inbound tour
operator can utilise can make direct deal with foreigner customers by exploitation of e-broacher
framework to promoting and offering the information to reaching out to target audience into
marketplace. Online marketing of different types of tour or holiday packages can attract its
customer's more in order to selection of their packages rather than its competitors. In terms of the
best ways for Trailfinders organisation, the best belling of its variety of tour and travelling
offerings is designing attractive broacher in which all relevant or necessary information
regarding to tour packages and special offers must be included within it. So its customer will be
able to get appropriate information concerning about selection of desired packages can be gained
effectively. Boucher is one of the suitable approach for Trailfinders organisation, whcih can be
adopted by its professionals to cover wide range of audience at domestic and abroad level as
well. In addition to it, varied of online alternative options can be adopted by all other tour
operators in context of promoting their various quality of services in industry efficiently (Page,
2014). Tour operator like ground level and domestic tour companies can acquire the approach to
utilisation of social media and e-mail marketing methodologies in context of each out to
expected audience from marketplace. Making an account on social media and regularly maintain
them may affect positively towards its existing customers in market. The organisation can reach
to its targeted audience by sending them e-mail of holiday packages and making them aware
about special discount offers of company towards its loyal customers in marketplace can enable
them to attaining desired business goals and objectives within the business environment. Hence,it
can be said that, varied of effective and innovative approaches presented here which can be
adopted by various tour operators in terms of reach to willing customer base in industry.
P 3.3 Various methods of distribution used to sell holiday for different types of tour operators
Variety of methods are being utilised by different types of tour operators in order to
sustainability of alternative to a traditional brochure. Different types of tour operators are being
utilised numerous techniques in order to promoting their holiday offering packages. In this

context, the ways of selling packages by operators which includes, traditional brochure, online
marketing, telephonic sales, call centres and direct sales approaches to boosting up market share
of their business.
Inbound operators: In terms of this type of tour operators, the online marketing strategy
is one of the suitable approach for them to having promotion of its various offering or services
within industry. Online promotional activities by formation of brochures since the targeted
audiences and client from tour operators (Pitoura and Samaras, 2012). Foreign customer will get
more attract towards various tourism and travelling facilities provided by organisation. With the
help of online mode, foreign tourist will access more in context of explore across the world.
Outbound operators: In context of these types of tour operators, online marketing and
modern sales methodologies can be applied by its professionals in case of increment within sales
of their organisational products and services. With the help of internet and information
technology, they will be able to promote their holiday packages and promote variety of attractive
tour program sine they will be dealing will multinational tours in industry.
Domestic tour operators: Domestic tour operators can use of traditional and direct sales
approaches in context of increment within the sales of the promotional activities which can be
applied by them. In terms of each out to desired audience and local consumers market, direct
sales can be applied by operator's professionals by interacting with customers at door to door
stage and also distributing brochure among them to make aware about various types of tour or
holiday packages (Schaller, 2016). Apart from it, they can use online and social marketing
exercises to attaining desired awareness about their tour program to ascertained consumers in
local or domestic marketplace.
Ground operators: According to this type of operator, they act as agent and thus the
suitable methods of distribution for such type of operator is the new and modern approach such
as online marketing and promotional activities, online selling techniques of its existing holiday
packages and offering different types of tour program on some special occasion to local
audiences in order to provision of their expected or desired holiday packages from, their
operators. So agent can comply with large tour operator of state and also co-ordinate with foreign
tour companies to selling out their targeted packages among local audiences.

TASK 4
P 4.1 Strategic decisions developed by different types of tour operators
Different types of effective strategies can be adopted by Trailfinders organisation in order
to development of different types of tour operators. The decision must be taken by its
professionals in order to achievement of customer satisfaction level within the industry in perfect
form (Swarbrooke and Page, 2012). The decision must be taken in terms of day to day
operational activities, increment in profitability, expansion of business, achieving goodwill etc.
the organisational professionals should consider several aspects of business in terms of fixing
costing of offered packages, identification of custom segmentation and developing and framing
attractive brochures in order to attaining desired success within business environment. Some of
the strategic decision made by Trailfinders firm's professionals which is as following:
Distribution decision: The distribution decision is the strategic decision adopted by
Trailfinders enterprise for delivering holiday offering to its targeted audience in marketplace in
context of satisfy their needs efficiently. Distribution of its various types of offering may attract
its customer's more in order to attract and retain its existing customers more.
Segmentation, targeting and positioning: These are the most effective approaches which
must be adopted by Trailfinders firm in context of formation of proper planning to each out
desired audiences within business environment. Segmentation is method, by which management
of firm can design travelling or holiday packages as per its different group of consumers in
marketplace (Tsiotsou and Goldsmith, 2012). It has stated that, most users of holiday packages
are, families and youngster who prefer to purchasing of numbers of packages as per their
preferences. So its professionals require to utilisation of strategy to framing packages by
mentioning all needs and demands of its youngster and families which enable organisation to
meeting their targeted audience within the business environment. So as per selection of age
group, its employees require to positioning of their packages as per predetermined marketplace
in industry.
Promotional strategies: The organisation may apply different types of promotional
strategies upon its marketing efforts in case of promoting the business products and services by
various types of digital technological tools and techniques in order to promotion of their
packages in different markets in unique form. Online marketing and social marketing approaches
will be the best suitable approaches for them in terms of generating wide range of profitability

form marketplace (Yao and Zimmer, 2015). With the help of digital tools and mechanism may
adopt such areas where targeted audiences will be able to know about the latest attractive holiday
and travelling packages launched by organisation within recent times.
Customer retention: Trailfinders organisation can make decision related to customer
retention in order to reaching out to desired goals and objectives of the business. Consumer
retention can be achieved by enterprise in order to offer valuable services to its existing
customers in order to maintain goodwill of the business in market (Webb, 2017). So it will
beneficial for the organisation concerning to achieving desired success.
Pricing strategy: Pricing strategy may affect the business profitability within the industry
in relevant form. Numbers of different-different types of tour packages are being offered by
business professionals and all they have different types of particular pricing tags. So its
professional can offers packages at lower rate than its competitors in order to increment in sales
of the organisational production.
P 4.2 Compare the tactical decisions that could be taken by a selected tour operator in different
situations
Varied of tactical decision can be taken by Trailfinders organisational professionals in
terms of reaching out desired audience within marketplace. So different tactics may apply by its
professionals in case of target of different market in appropriate manner.
Pricing of services: Numbers of different types of pricing policies are being utilised by
its professionals in order to selection of their own facilities of pricing. With the assistance of
setting up affordable pricing of its each packages and holiday vouchers can attract customers
more to giving preferences to Trailfinders's packages than its customers in marketplace (White,
2016). Pricing strategic may affect the sales of its various types of attractive tour packages within
the industry efficiently. So pricing set out by its management team must be relevant or affordable
in respect to influence its customers to selection of its products more in industry.
Maximising occupancy: This is also an effective approach which may be adopted by its
professionals in case of maximising occupancy of its attractive offers within crucial time. Many
times it has been said that, many times, maximising the occupancy of varied of contracted offers
with its existing customer, which must be subscribed by them in order to generating high amount
of profitability (Yanand Ho, 2017). Numbers of companies are being operated within the
business but in case of raise up demanding of various tour packages boosting up frequently in

industry so occupancy of popular travelling or holiday packages has become difficult to occupy.
So its professional can attract its customer more to selection of this packages by availability of
packages in critical times of the industry.
Tactical marketing: Trailfinders organisational profession may adopt tactical marketing
approach in case of generating effective volume of customer base in industry in respective form.
Varied of marketing approaches and tactics presented here which may be adopted by them in
order to promoting their existing packages and holiday voucher more than its customers (Witt,
Brooke and Buckley, 2013). So making decision of execution of tactical marketing efforts may
attract its loyal customer more rather than selection of competitor's facilities. Tactical marketing
plan of attacks must be adopted by the firm.
Trending vouchers: Numbers of trends are currently celebrating by country's peoples at
the time of occasional circumstances. In order to spending time with family and other members
may attract its customer to selection of trending vouchers offering by Trailfinders organisation in
industry. So variety of trends require to selection of different attractive travellling or tour
packages within the business environment so it will assist them to generation of expected
profitability and revenue generation from the marketplace.
Hence, it can be said that, numbers of tactical decisions can be formulated by
organisational professionals in case of generating desired volume of profitability (.Wu, 2012).
Business can utilise numbers of different types of tactics which may affect the business
functionality in industry in sufficient form.
CONCLUSION
From the above entire investigation, it can be concluded that, Travel and tour industry is
one of the emerging industry in the nation which allow wide range of scope for travelling
industries to growing their business within industry effectively. In addition to it, the report
concludes about analysis of the affection of current and recent trends or developments on the
tour operate industry in case of generating sufficient amount of success. So assess the stages and
timescales involved in development of proper holidays. Varied of planning decision can be taken
by Trailfinders organisational professionals in case of designing or selection of brochure.
Moreover, the report has evaluated about strategic decision or tactical decision which is used by
numerous tour operator in industry.

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