Tourism and Society: Exploring Impacts, Models, and Tourist Behavior

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the interrelationship between tourism and society. It begins with an introduction to tourism, defining it as a multifaceted activity with economic, social, and cultural dimensions. The main body delves into the significant impact of tourism on the global economy, emphasizing its role in societal development and infrastructural improvements. It explores Butler's tourism area lifecycle model, examining the stages of exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, and rejuvenation or decline. The report discusses both the positive and negative impacts of tourism, including political and economic stability, job creation, and cultural exchange, while also addressing concerns such as rising prices, cultural clashes, and environmental degradation. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding tourist behaviors and expectations to tailor services effectively, ensuring sustainable tourism practices, and fostering positive societal impacts. The report also highlights the importance of considering cultural differences and travel motivations (extrinsic and intrinsic) to meet tourist needs, which are key to the future of tourism. The report references various books and journals to support its findings.

Tourism and Society

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES:...............................................................................................................................9
Books and Journals.....................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Tourism economical, social and cultural activity which regulate the movements of
individuals from one place to another place besides their usual environment regarding business,
personal or professional purposes. It provides different facilities to individuals like entertaining
tourist and providing them accommodations. Tourism provides various job opportunities and
generate wealth which improves the standard of society. It enhance the interaction by bringing
together people from diversified traditions, background and culture which promotes peace and
harmony (Abou-Shouk, Mannaa and Elbaz, 2021). It is highly required to develop better
interaction as it improves knowledge and understandings. Tourism directly and indirectly create
great impact on society by providing new growth opportunities. It is responsible for increasing
the revenues of economy, developing infrastructure, promotes cultural exchange between local
citizens and foreigners. Due to the large number of revenue generation, country tend to develop
their infrastructure in advanced manner. This improves the living standard of society as they can
easily gather number of resources. Government also formulate various rules, regulations and
policies regarding protection of local citizens and tourists. This maintains peace and harmony
within country which encourages more tourism. This report will include the discussion about
interrelationship between society and tourism. The discussion of tourism background is carried
out with the help of appropriate models and theories. Different positive and negative impacts of
tourism are discussed in context to the society along with influences of tourism on different
destinations. The tourism behaviour is evaluated along with their expectations due to the travel
and their impact on society.
MAIN BODY
Tourism can be considered as one of the most significant component which contributes in
improvement in global economy. Various countries consider this as tool for development which
directly improves the lifestyle of overall society. Tourism includes and comprises of cultural,
social and economic activities which create impact on the population as well as on destinations.
Movement of people from one destination to another results in interchanging of behaviours,
culture, economic factors and societal factors (Anwar, Hadian and Khadijah, 2020). Along with
the economic impact it affects the situation of social factors by providing attractive opportunities.

Destinations developed their infrastructural facilities so that they can serve the needs and
requirements of their tourists in appropriate manner. There can be seen higher growth in the
sector of tourism as people wants to utilise their leisure time in travelling to their selected
destinations. It is the priority of destinations to provide higher quality of standards and services
to their tourists. Butler's tourism area lifecycle focus on the explanation of overall process of
tourism lifecycle which involves different stages (Sheldon, 2020). The six stages are used by
destinations so that they can become more sustainable in context to serve tourists. The growth of
tourism industry depends on the experiences of their tourist which need to be improved in
appropriate manner.
Butler's model majorly focus on attracting large number of tourism so that they can
generate higher revenues. Destinations can experience significant growth by following the
respective six stages of tourist area evolution. The first stage is exploration which is the
beginning of providing benefits to economical and social factors (Capocchi and et.al., 2020). It
maintains the natural and cultural factors in appropriate manner which attracts large tourism.
This initial stage involves local citizens and government of destination who focus on the growth
of tourism (Yamashita, 2021). The tourism planning is carried out this stage which provides
number of growth opportunities. The next stage is involvement which focus on the
establishment and development of infrastructure such as guest houses and hotels for tourists.
Community resources and different transport infrastructure are constructed such as road layouts,
airports and different health care provisions. All the seasonal facilities are included by
government so that tourist can experience them in effective manner (Ratnasari and et.al., 2020).
After the involvement, development is the next stage which involves large amount of planning
for improvement of infrastructure. New train stations, roads, hotels, hospitalities and airports are
constructed in order to provide required facilities. The promotion and marketing of particular
destination is also improved so that it increase the awareness. Destinations like UK uses various
social media platforms so that they can promotes their destination among tourists.
Consolidation is the fourth stage which experiences slow growth in tourism and this can
be intentional purpose in order to limit the number of tourist. The economy and tourism industry
of destination is connected with each other. Tourism contributes effective source of income in
destination which promotes their growth. This shows the globalisation which should be focused
by the government (Cerón and et.al., 2019). After consolidation, fifth stage focus on stagnation

which shows declining rate of tourism. The number of tourists touches the peak and destination
is no longer remain new and desirable. This includes negative impact of various factors of over
tourism which should be improved by destinations. The last stage of this model is rejuvenation
or decline which represents outcomes for the respective destination with spectrum between
rejuvenation and decline (Qiao, Xu, Ding and Chen, 2022). The stakeholders play major role
which affect the outcomes based on the actions and plans which are formulated by them. In order
to improve sustainability it is important to develop strategies which foster the growth of tourism.
Tourism create both negative and positive impact on the society which need to be
focused. Local communities invest capital in preserving their local heritage so that it can
maintain appropriate value of culture. In order to analyse the negative and positive impact of
tourism pestle analysis can be used by destinations. Political stability is most important for
increase the number of tourists in destinations (Chen and Tham, 2019). Economic growth can be
experienced as tourism generate higher level of revenues which can be utilised by destination in
various development activities. This can include education facilities leisure facilities, improves
lifestyle, improve economic growth and encourages different social events. The services which
are included in tourism such as hospitalities and accommodations require assistance of human
resource which directly generates several job opportunities. It limits the rate of migration of local
citizens as they get job opportunities in their areas. Destinations also enjoys technological
advancements as tourist provides knowledge related to the new upgrades and technologies. There
can be seen various social advancements such as interaction between tourists and local people
increase the diversity in particular country (Manthiou, Klaus, Kuppelwieser and Reeves, 2021).
People share their culture, background, social factors and behaviours. The demand of local
products and services are increased in effective manner. Handicraft products and local cuisines
experience higher demand which is one of the positive factors.
On the other hand, there can be seen various negative impacts of tourism on society
which should be altered by developing appropriate policies and regulations against them. The
political factors are highly affected due to some of the activities such as government corruptions
and rise in inflation rate. Society faces some of the economic declines due to rise in the prices of
products and services. Local people tend to offer products in higher prices which affect the
economic condition to great extent (Cho, Joo and Woosnam, 2020). Society can get affected due
to the involvement of diversified cultural trends. Different tourist possess negative behaviour

which affect the mentality of local citizens which is negative factor. There are large number of
possibilities where tourist face challenges in adapting the social norms of particular destination.
Increase number of tourism may create negative impact on the technological utilities. Excessive
use of tools and techniques incur cost and capital which affect the financial position of society.
Some of the tourists abide laws and regulations during their travelling experiences which is
negative factors contributing in the disturbing the legal structure of destination (Kapera, 2018). It
is necessary for all to follow the laws so that society can maintain appropriate peace and
harmony. Due to increase rate of tourists, society get affected their environmental factors such as
natural water bodies and quality of air. Increased population at one place create large amount of
pollution which should be focused.
Tourist possess different behaviours and expectations according to their experiences and
nature which need to be undertaken. Destinations should focus on designing their products and
services according to the behaviour of their tourists so that they can increase the number of
tourists. Behaviour of tourists decides the future profitability and growth of overall tourism
industry (Stončikaitė, 2022). There are various typologies of human behaviours which can be
termed as experiential, recreational, existential, experimental and diversionary. The study of
different tourists provides knowledge of actual behaviour of tourists. Destinations can develop
better decisions regarding the behaviour of tourists so that they can improve the tourism
experiences. All the type of tourists wants their services in customised manner so that they can
satisfy their travel needs and requirements (Din, 2018). It is essential to understand the
behaviour and expectations so that destinations can prepare plans and policies according to them.
They can interact with their tourists on regular basis with the help of different platforms which
provides knowledge of their expectations.
Different travel motivations are used which are classified as extrinsic and intrinsic.
Extrinsic motivation can be referred as external motivators which derives the need of tourism
(Wang, Guo, Cai, Liu and Luo, 2022). For example, gaining new experiences by visiting
different places can be included in extrinsic motivation. Destinations can provide rewards and
discounts to their visitors which can satisfy their expectations of economical tour. Intrinsic
motivation in context to tourism refers to internal factors such as personal satisfaction, self
determination and autonomy. It derives the wants of travelling to new destinations in order to
learn or experience something. For example, individual can visit particular place for their self

satisfaction by having fun and relaxation. Some people tend to spend their leisure time in
travelling as they feel satisfied by doing so (Kanwal and et.al., 2020). It is important for
destinations to focus on the cultural differences while providing services so that they can alter
them according to the behaviour and expectations of their tourists.

CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that tourism involves activities related to
travellings so that individuals gain new experiences. People tend to travel for various reasons
such as personal and professional so that they can accomplish their goals. It can be analysed that
tourism industry improves the growth rate of society by generating higher revenues. There can
be seen various types of tourism which includes wellness tourism, sustainable tourism,
experiential tourism, food tourism and many more. Society can improve their resources and
infrastructural developments due to the contribution of tourism. Cultural and social exchanges
increase unity and diversity which is positive factor for growth and development of society. The
direct relation of tourism and society can be seen in various factors such as political, economic,
social, technological and environmental. Various economic activities experiences growth as
operations can be carried out on wider and large scale. Travel tourism can achieve higher growth
and exposure in future as varied number of individuals wants to explore different parts of world.
This can be sustained by analysing the behaviour of tourists according to their preferences and
expectations. Tourist expects services according to their demands which can satisfy their
travelling expectations. It should be focused by destinations that they have to provide economical
and sustainable services to their tourists. This report discussed about overall tourism industry and
contribution of stakeholders in the growth of tourism services. All the impacts of tourism
including negative and positive are discussed so that appropriate strategies can be developed by
destination according to the requirements. Tourist behaviour and expectations are analysed and
identified and their impact are also discussed on the particular destination and society.

REFERENCES:
Books and Journals
Abou-Shouk, M.A., Mannaa, M.T. and Elbaz, A.M., 2021. Women's empowerment and tourism
development: A cross-country study. Tourism management perspectives, 37, p.100782.
Anwar, R.K., Hadian, M.S.D. and Khadijah, U.L.S., 2020. Building Tourism from the
Optimization of the Landscape as a Creative Economic Activity of the
Community. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 11(4 (44)), pp.937-
953.
Capocchi and et.al., 2020. Is ‘overtourism’a new issue in tourism development or just a new
term for an already known phenomenon?. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(18), pp.2235-
2239.
Cerón and et.al., 2019. Medical tourism in Guatemala: Qualitatively exploring how existing
health system inequities facilitate sector development. International Journal of Health
Services, 49(4), pp.754-772.
Chen, S.H. and Tham, A., 2019. Trends in tourism-related academic conferences: An
examination of host locations, themes, gender representation, and costs. Event
Management, 23(4-5), pp.733-751.
Cho, H., Joo, D. and Woosnam, K.M., 2020. Cross-cultural validation of the Nostalgia Scale for
Sport Tourism (NSST): A multilevel approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism
Research, 44(4), pp.624-643.
Din, K.H., 2018. Dialogue with the hosts: an educational strategy towards sustainable tourism.
In Tourism in South-East Asia (pp. 327-336). Routledge.
Kanwal and et.al., 2020. Road and transport infrastructure development and community support
for tourism: The role of perceived benefits, and community satisfaction. Tourism
Management, 77, p.104014.
Kapera, I., 2018. Sustainable tourism development efforts by local governments in
Poland. Sustainable cities and society, 40, pp.581-588.
Manthiou, A., Klaus, P., Kuppelwieser, V.G. and Reeves, W., 2021. Man vs machine:
examining the three themes of service robotics in tourism and hospitality. Electronic
Markets, 31(3), pp.511-527.
Qiao, G., Xu, J., Ding, L. and Chen, Q., 2022. The impact of volunteer interaction on the
tourism experience of people with visual impairment based on a mixed
approach. Current Issues in Tourism, pp.1-18.
Ratnasari and et.al., 2020. An experience of tourism development: how is the strategy?. Journal
of Environmental Management & Tourism, 11(7), pp.1877-1886.
Sheldon, P.J., 2020. Designing tourism experiences for inner transformation. Annals of Tourism
Research, 83, p.102935.
Stončikaitė, I., 2022. Baby-boomers hitting the road: The paradoxes of the senior leisure
tourism. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 20(3), pp.335-347.
Wang, J., Guo, Z., Cai, J., Liu, H. and Luo, Q., 2022. Post-tourism in the usual environment:
From the perspective of unusual mood. Tourism Management, 89, p.104452.
Yamashita, S., 2021. Public tourism: new forms of tourism after the great East Japan
earthquake. In Socialising Tourism (pp. 161-174). Routledge.