Tourism Concepts and Issue

This document discusses the various concepts and issues related to the tourism industry. It highlights the different purposes of travelling and how it reflects the tourism industry.

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Tourism Concepts and Issue
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11/19/2019
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Tourism Concepts and Issue 1
Tourism Concepts and Issue
Travelling occurs for different purpose like business or for pleasure, which reflects the
tourism industry of the destined place. The tourism industry across the globe has provided
various opportunities and challenges and has found to be one of the major income sources for
all the popular destinations. This may include accommodation, entertainment, traveling,
guide, and food and beverage business (Sigala, 2017). Tourism also provide opportunity to
the global companies to increase their number of customers, this include various industries
like food and beverage, hospitality, online tours and travel agencies, apparel industry,
handloom industry and various other industries. The journal review in the essay will reflect
various opportunities and issues in global tourism, for which the article considered for the
study is “Destination loyalty modeling of the global tourism (Wu, 2016).”
Considering the opportunities, issues and challenges from the article studied, the objective of
the study from this article is to understand behavioral intentions of foreign travellers as this
may impact the loyalty of the travellers which is one of the important objectives for any
marketing manager of the specific destination. Considering tourist destinations the companies
are looking for visitor loyalty which will reflect the successful destination management
(Balli, 2018). The article examines customer travel experience, destination satisfaction with
relation to the image of the destination in tourism context. From the study it can be said that
destination royalty can be one of the opportunity for the marketing managers, however this
case can be a major issue that is to retain the customers for a particular destination, as the
destination loyalty can be fun of the limitations for the brand in relation to the destined nation
(Wu, 2016).
According to Chih-Wen Wu, the destinations that have considered positive image as part of
decision-making are considered to be affecting the visitors positively and the visitors are

Tourism Concepts and Issue 2
looking to revisit the destination in near future. Thus it can be said that the destination
satisfaction is one of the factor to increase the opportunity for the tourism industry to
influence destination loyalty positively. As per this study another constant at me affect the
opportunity for the industry is destination image that me include consumers emotional
interpretation related to the overall impression of the destination they visited. The research
framework from the study respect that the destination image, customer experience integrated
together for destination satisfaction which eventually increase the destination loyalty that is
reflecting the major opportunity for the tourism industry to retain the customers and so the
same customers again asked to revisit the destination (Wu, 2016).
The key challenges identified from the article included identify the current opportunities and
unavailability of the visitors in Taiwan to provide answer to the survey conducted. This was
one of the major issue as the response rate was very low due to the lower sample size which
decrease the validity of the results and Increase the generalized results and findings presented
for the for the testing (Tari, 2015). Moreover the casual activation was found relatively weak
considering the relationships among all the constraints. Moreover, one of the issue identify
from the study includes considering other internal and external factors that may impact the
destination loyalty and reflect the opportunity and challenges and tourism industry. Does it
can be said that the study was limited to only four or five constraints that our destination
satisfaction, consumer experience, destination image and destination loyalty (Wu, 2016).
The study included the relevant visitors, income, and employment considering Taiwan as the
destination. The article recorded 8,236,507 visitors as reported in 2014; these tourists reflect
different reasons and purpose travel with family, high income groups, and higher level of
repetition. The tourism industry as per the research has reflected that the tourist visiting the
destination and the statistics reflect that the income through this industry is quite high as the
official tourist reflect economic pillar for the nation by contributing 22 percent of GDP of the

Tourism Concepts and Issue 3
nation as per the presented 2015 statistics. Moreover, the employment and workforce in the
industry was 32 percent. The nation has found to be large number of visitors which reflect
increase in employment in the industry, and include high level of repeaters (Wu, 2016).
However, considering employment, it reflects various challenges in this industry as the digital
changes have reflected human resource in the industry. The digital technological use has
impacted reinvention in the business, thus the recruitment has to be revised and the recruiting
trends are to be followed (Griffiths, 2014). Moreover, employee retention is another major
employment challenge identified in the industry. It has been assessed that especially the hotel
industry is having issue of employee turnover. Requirement of seasonal employment is
another issue identified from the study in tourism industry. Considering the destination, some
of the specific months are attractive for tourist to visits the place that are said to be seasonal
period, which reflect large employment requirement, which reduces the need of staff. Thus
the challenge is to manage seasonal employment as the permanent employment may lead to
increase in cost to the organizations (Wu, 2016).
The tourism industry is having various issues, as identified in previously. The drivers of the
issue could be the political, economic or social cause of the destination place. Article reflects
the global tourism industry for research finding pertaining to the managerial implication as
solution to the identified issues (Paul et al., 2015). Political environment include various
drivers like political stability which reflect the legal rules and norms in international market,
and may impact norms and business at destined location. Economic environment reflects
drivers like gross domestic product of the nation reflecting the purchasing power of the
customer, which will eventually responsible for customers to spend part of their income in
travel and leisure activities. Therefore, risk of economic cycle like recession period of the
nation may impact the income level for tourist places globally. This is one of the strongest
drivers as recession in economy in any nation will impact the industry globally (Wu, 2016).

Tourism Concepts and Issue 4
Socio cultural factor of the nations also reflect drivers that may reflect the customer behavior
and spending patterns of the potential customer which will eventually affect the income level
of the destined location. Moreover the cultural difference is another driver that may cause the
customer dissatisfaction for foreign market. For instance the cultural difference will majorly
reflect in food and beverage, as the taste is different for all the nations and may act as one of
the reason for inability for the destined place to retain the customers, which are the issues
also identified by the researcher (Wu, 2016).
Demographic factors like include characteristics of every individual of the destination place,
like in case of Taiwan according to the article study. This include individual participation
residing in the study like household income and level of education which will eventually
reflect the distribution of income by the individual as the lack of education may reflect
business of travel and hospitality business (Thomson, 2011). Environmental factors reflect
the drivers like environmental factors that the place. For instance in case of issue likes air
pollution. The tourist would not prefer to visits such location, where they might cause health
issues, thus it will affect the tourism industry of the particular location (Wu, 2016).
Technological factors will majorly impact the service offered by the business existing in such
location, as with increase in technology and use of internet, customers are looking for online
services like booking hotel rooms, online check in. in case of underdeveloped country and
lack of infrastructure like availability of airport may lead to unattractiveness for the potential
customers (Vellas, 2016). Agencies are other major drivers for the issue in tourism industry
as they may impact the services offered to the customers. Moreover, the agents in the
traveling industry are the middle men reflect the image of the destination. The
recommendation by the agents may impact the decision making of the customer when it
comes to choosing the location for travelling (Wu, 2016).

Tourism Concepts and Issue 5
Evidence from article reflects that the issue identified is lack of customer retention in the
industry. The evidence reflected through study of 30 foreign tourists with conduct of
interview to assess the customer influence on destination loyalty. Moreover the demographic
characteristics have been analyzed while collecting the sample for the study, which also
reflect the impact of the factors of the issues identified. Other than this the research included
consideration of measures like customer experience, destination satisfaction, destination
perception, and destination loyalty, which will eventually affect the customer retention level.
Thus the evidence from the behavior reflects the relationship among the discussed factors that
will influence the level of the retention and the issue identified for this industry. For example
Taiwan income level and volume of visitors have reflected. To imitate the validity of the
study, sample from the travellers from five different nations have been collected (Wu, 2016).
The research reflects that for a nation, the contribution of the tourism industry is very high
and the country is majorly relied on this industry as the source of income and employment
opportunity. In case of lack of customer retention and destination loyalty, the income level
would be impacted this will eventually affect the GDP of the nation and effect economy as a
whole (Yap & Saha, 2013). This reflects the importance of the issue identified. According to
the research, the evidence suggests the relationship between destination loyalty and customer
retention. It has been identified in the industry that the number of customer visiting the same
place has less chance of occurrence, but it is very essential for sustainability of the industry.
Like in case of organizational success factor, the customer satisfaction is very important, in
the hospitality and tourism industry is also impacted by the customer satisfaction (Wu, 2016).
Customers are the key factors that are responsible for change in demand and supply for any
organization, which has to be considered by the marketers. The reason being product and
services offered by the business are destined to satisfy the customer and eventually increase

Tourism Concepts and Issue 6
the revenue. This reflects the importance of customer retention in the industry, which has
been analyzed from the research (Wu, 2016).
From the article review, the key highlighting points include that the tourism industry across
the globe has provided various opportunities and challenges and has found to be one of the
major income sources for all the popular destinations. Considering tourist destinations the
companies are looking for visitor loyalty which will reflect the successful destination
management. This case can be a major issue that is to retain the customers for a particular
destination; the destination satisfaction is one of the factors to increase the opportunity for the
tourism industry to influence destination loyalty positively. The article recorded 8,236,507
visitors as reported in 2014. The income through this industry is quite high as the official
tourist reflect economic pillar for the nation by contributing 22 percent of GDP of the nation
as per the presented 2015 statistics. However there was some limitation to the study like
small sample size due to unwillingness for the customer to respond (Wu, 2016).

Tourism Concepts and Issue 7
References
Balli, F., 2018. New Zealand business tourism: Exploring the impact of economic policy
uncertainties. Tourism Economics.
Griffiths, S., 2014. A time to reassure tourists. Travel Trade Gazette UK & Ireland, pp.14-15.
Paul, D., Bugnar, N.G. & Mester, L.E., 2015. TERRORISM AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE
TOURISM INDUSTRY. Romanian Review on Political Geography / Revista Româna
Geografie Politica, 17(1), pp.5-11.
Sigala, M., 2017. Collaborative commerce in tourism: implications for research and industry.
Current Issues in Tourism, 20(4), pp.346-55.
Tari, J.J., 2015. The effects of quality and environmental management on competitive
advantage: A mixed methods study in the hotel industry. Tourism Management, 50(1), pp.41-
54.
Thomson, A., 2011. Terrorism and Tourism in Developed versus Developing Countries.
Tourism Economics, 17(3), pp.693-700.
Vellas, F., 2016. he international marketing of travel and tourism: A strategic approach.
Macmillan International Higher Education.
Wu, C., 2016. Destination loyalty modeling of the global tourism. Journal of Business
Research, 69(6), pp.2213-19.
Yap, G. & Saha, S., 2013. Do Political Instability, Terrorism, and Corruption Have Deterring
Effects on Tourism Development Even in the Presence of Unesco Heritage? A Cross-Country
Panel Estimate. Tourism Analysis, 18(5), pp.587-99.

Tourism Concepts and Issue 8