Understanding the World of Tourism: Positive and Negative Impacts

This essay discusses the development of contemporary tourism, positive and negative economics and social, environmental and cultural effects of tourism and future impacts of tourism.

Understanding the World of Tourism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUTION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The word tourism can be defined as movement of people from their usual environment to
other countries and states for their personal and professional purposes. It can be sociable, artistic
and economizing portent. The group of industry which accelerate the tourism process completely
by providing the framework, courtesies and products which facilitates the tourism process for
different objectives like travel for business purpose or travel for different places in leisure is
refereed as tourism or travel industry(Weaver, 2021). This industry not only provide profits to
country and cultural health but it serves as a important factor for economic growth and
development. This sector gets its major financial benefits from people who are spending their
money on leisure and travelling, and also invest in organisation who provide essential services to
tourism. This essay is going to discuss about development of contemporary tourism, positive and
negative economics and social, environmental and cultural effects of tourism and future impacts
of tourism.
MAIN BODY
From now onwards, there is a continuous increase in the visiting to famous spot, when
the individual have their free time, they prefer to travel. Tourism has became an ongoing trend,
as a result of this, there is a boom in tourism industry (Artal-Tur and Kozak, 2020). Meantime,
the tourism industry has suffered very much as they are shuttled down completely during
pandemic. When the pandemic restrictions are over, tourism industry get boosted as number of
people going to other destination increases (Jeon and Yang, 2021). This industry can grow or
declines depends upon some internal and external factors. Apart from these, some factors which
are not under control of human are also included to affect the tourism industry, like any natural
disaster which is not in control of humans but can affect the environment a lot (Pabel, 2018).
Social, environmental, economical, political and legal factors are considered under external
factors.
Sometime all these factors can be controlled and sometimes not, but this will affect the
tourism industry directly or indirectly. COVID-19 has a major bad affect on tourism industry.
Those who are a part of this industry experienced a major loss (Law and.et., 2019). They are
struggling for the basic eminities like food and shelter and remained unemployed for several
months. The economic growth and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) gets benefited by tourism

industry, but due to COVID-19, this industry faced a lot of problem and struggles to survive in
marketplace (Matiza and Kruger, 2021). The decrease in GDP of the countries are result of these
loss in profit of tourism industry also. When compared to 2019 data, there is 45% fall in
domestic visitors and 70% fall in international visitors (How Big Data Technologies Can
Improve Tourism). Moreover, the number of people who lost their employment globally are
around 61 million people. Thus from this data it is very clear that how this pandemic ha affected
the tourism industry.
The factor which figure out the pecuniary and provident condition of country are
economical factors. 3.6% directly and 10.3% indirectly are contributed to world's gross domestic
products by the tourism industry (Kim, Seo and Choi, 2021). Additionally, the repercussion of
tourism industry on the economical condition of country is result of three divisions- first is the
outlay made by the tourism, second the expending done by the businesses and last the invested
assets. Whenever the tourism purchase any kind of goods and services like food and drinks,
hotels and entertainment facilities or any other thing which can be purchased are the direct
contribution for the economy (Fanni and Rezazadeh, 2018)(. Concurrently, other people gets
encouraged for starting their venture as the demands of goods and services increased. When the
government charged the tax while transactioning for merchandise and toll tax or any form of tax
charged are comes under indirect contribution.
The positive results of tourism industry is that, firstly it develops a lot of chances for
employment through which, people from different places as well as locals get benefited because
industry needs lots of man power. The income of people gets increased due to increase in
employment opportunities which results in good living standard of people. The second most
important benefit is that government as started to take care or take hold on historical monuments
and places as this is benefiting the government income. Government is also focusing on
conserving the bio- diversity as well. Government is doing continuous effort in maintaining the
infrastructure and safety. This will attracts the tourist and generates more income by
continuously practising this activities. Some of the negative influence are done by the tourism
also like a lot of pollution and over utilization of natural resources are done by the tourist (Han
and.et., 2020). Another major harm to economic is that the outsider starts the seasonal business
which impacts in two ways, firstly, the employment chances for locals are over and secondly, the
multiplier effect occur until the money finally gets leaks from the economy through imports.

Environment factor consider all the factor related to tourism such as, biodiversity tourism,
wildlife tourism, and natural collateral which affects the tourism directly or indirectly (Gao and
Zhang, 2021). Positive consideration of tourism affect on environment is that when a tourist spot
is constructed in country then it will make the government to maintain all the resources and
natural things. Government used to promote the businesses which uses sustainable goods and
procedures to protect the environment and make the country green and clean (Ianeva and.et.,
2021). Government has taken some major initiative steps and sustainable steps to increase the
tourism number. Tourism sometime organizes eco-friendly activities, some events like cleaning
the beach, planting of tress to maintain the destination aesthetic and pleasant and this also keeps
the tourist happy. Some tourist destination have limited the number of tourist in a specific time to
maintain the beauty of destination. Negative effects are also there. With increases in number of
tourism, there will be increase in environmental pollution in host country due to either increased
use of single use plastic or by the generated smoke by the vehicles. Another negative impact is
also there, like with increasing tourism number there will be over exploitation of resources. This
practice is leading to loss of natural resources along with the beautiful nature (Stors and.et.,
2019). the tourism industry normally overuse the water for hotels, swimming pools, personal use.
This will lead to water shortage in particular area. The increases construction of tourist facilities
has enhances the pressure on land and leads to degradation. Deforestation and loss of animal
homes are some of the reason of this.
The interaction allows the people of different culture to know about the culture of
different states. The local people are able to know and understand the culture and needs of
different people of different country (Zhang and Zhang, 2021). This will help local to have closer
look to different nation which will benefit the local as well as foreigner in interacting with each
other. By interacting with the foreigners, local can easily arrange the stuffs which foreigner
wants. Tourism not only enhanced the regional image and construction of infrastructure but also
improved the pleasurable activities and living qualities of individuals. Tourism has brought
modernization in locals, food and clothes are evolved and transportation qualities are improved
due to tourism. Local people gets the facilities like sewage drainage, new playground, new roads
as a result of tourism. There are some negative influence of this socio-cultural relationship as it
make the locals totally dependent on foreigners or tourist for their living or lively hood (Saarinen
and Gill, 2018). During COVID-19, local faced a worst situation as they all lost their job and

became unemployed as they are fully dependent on visitors. The increases interaction has lead to
increased criminal cases like gambling and drugs supply as the criminals start taking helps from
the local people and making them habitual of drugs as well. Huge amount of currency is
generated and supplied to the host country. Younger generation has adopted the western style
and use vulgar languages which are unacceptable. The Authenticity means originality of the
nation is vanishing as a result of tourism because of the adaptation of western lifestyle.
CONCLUTION
From the above report, it can be easily concluded that major part of economy is credited
by the tourism industry. Certain factors are responsible for affecting the travel and tourism and
the most trending factor is COVID-19 as large number of people lost their job during pandemic.
Some of the external factor responsible for affecting the tourism industry are elaborated here
which are economics, environment, social and cultural perspectives. Additionally, the positive
and negative influences are also discussed here as the job opportunities are the positive impacts
in economic prospective. Better interaction among the local and tourist people is the plus point in
social and cultural prospective and also improve the sustainable development of country by
adding benefits to environmental factors. Apart from all these some negative impacts are also
discussed like increasing criminal cases, increasing pollution and several more.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Artal-Tur, A. and Kozak, M. eds., 2020. Culture and Cultures in Tourism: Exploring New
Trends. Routledge.
Fanni, Z. and Rezazadeh, S.M., 2018. Analysing the urban environment sustainability influenced
by tourism in Iran (district 1 of Tehran metropolis). GeoJournal of Tourism and
Geosites, 23(3), pp.719-730.
Gao, J. and Zhang, L., 2021. Exploring the dynamic linkages between tourism growth and
environmental pollution: new evidence from the Mediterranean countries. Current
Issues in Tourism, 24(1), pp.49-65.
Han, H and.et., 2020. Cycling tourism: a perspective article. Tourism review.
Ianeva, M and.et., 2021. Management of tourism destinations and development of specialized
types of tourism.
Jeon, C.Y. and Yang, H.W., 2021. The structural changes of a local tourism network:
Comparison of before and after COVID-19. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(23), pp.3324-
3338.
Kim, E.E.K., Seo, K. and Choi, Y., 2021. Compensatory travel post COVID-19: Cognitive and
emotional effects of risk perception. Journal of Travel Research, p.00472875211048930.
Law, R.and.et., 2019. Tourism demand forecasting: A deep learning approach. Annals of tourism
research, 75, pp.410-423.
Matiza, T. and Kruger, M., 2021. Ceding to their fears: a taxonomic analysis of the heterogeneity
in COVID-19 associated perceived risk and intended travel behaviour. Tourism
Recreation Research, 46(2), pp.158-174.
Pabel, A., 2018. A narrative approach to understanding recreational dive tourists’ experiences on
coral reefs. In Coral reefs: Tourism, conservation and management (pp. 169-183).
Routledge.
Saarinen, J. and Gill, A.M., 2018. Tourism, resilience, and governance strategies in the transition
towards sustainability. In Resilient Destinations and Tourism (pp. 15-33). Routledge.
Stors, N and.et., 2019. Tourism and everyday life in the contemporary city: An introduction. In
Tourism and everyday life in the contemporary city(pp. 1-23). Routledge.
Weaver, A., 2021. Tourism, big data, and a crisis of analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 88,
p.103158.
Zhang, J. and Zhang, Y., 2021. Tourism, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2
emissions in China. Tourism Economics, 27(5), pp.1060-1080.
Online
How Big Data Technologies Can Improve Tourism, (2022) [online] Available at
<https://blog.bismart.com/en/big-data-technologies-tourism>