Understanding the World of Tourism: Positive and Negative Impacts on Economy, Environment, and Socio-Cultural Aspects

This essay explores the positive and negative impacts of tourism on economy, environment, and socio-cultural aspects. It discusses the factors affecting the tourism industry, including the impact of COVID-19, and its contribution to the GDP. The essay also highlights the role of sustainability in tourism.

Understanding the World of Tourism

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is an act or a process in which people spending their time away from the home
in pursuance of recreation, relaxation as well as pleasure. The tourism industry is a businesses
which directly provide goods and services to facilitate pleasure as well as leisure activities away
from the home environment. The tourism industry is important to boost the economy revenue. It
also creates thousands of job as well as develop the infrastructure of a country. The essay report
cover on contemporary tourism, its positive and negative impact on economic, environmental as
well as on socio-cultural. As the contemporary tourism is a current tourist who is interested in
grabbing the opportunities to do real travelling experience which is based on the connection with
local community. On of the main positive impact of contemporary tourism is that it help in
generating or developing the economic revenue as well as infrastructure.
MAIN BODY
The inspiration to travel is derived when the people wants to satisfied their lives. The
tourist experience is different for every individual as every individual have their own
perspectives for travelling. Therefore, they have different travel preferences. Now, it is a trend to
visiting a popular spot in leisure time is increasing continuously which result in boosting the
tourist industry. As due to pandemic, this industry face huge loss as they are completely closed.
After the pandemic, this industry again start boosting as people start visiting to places were
increased. There are many external or internal factor which affecting the tourism industry in
growing or declining (Tussyadiah and Sigala, 2018). Aside from this, there are various other
factor which are not under the control of human behaviour such as natural calamity. As when
natural calamity arise, it is not in human control but it has huge impact on tourism industry.
Some of the external factor which have an impact on tourism industry includes political, social,
legal, environmental as well as economical aspects. As all these factors are not in control all the
time. Some factors are sometimes in human control but sometime not in human control. But this
affect the tourism industries directly or indirectly. Due to covid-19, the pandemic occur which
has an huge impact on the tourism industry (Araújo and et.al., 2019). The people who are
involved in this industry can face a huge loss in either ways as directly or indirectly. For an
example, they remained unemployed for long time as well as they don't have food or shelter
during the pandemic period. The tourist industry have a higher contribution in the economic
growth or in the gross domestic product of the country. The decreasing the growth of tourism
1

industry was also the main reason for decreasing the GDP of the countries. Aside from this,
globally millions of people lost their jobs during the pandemic (Seyfi and et.al., 2020).
The Economic factor is a factor which determined the financial or economic conditions
of the country. There is a direct or indirect contribution of tourist industry in the world gross
domestic products. The impact of tourism industry in the country is divided into three categories.
The first is the tourism expenditure, second is the expenditure which is done by the businesses
and the third is capital investment. The direct contribution of tourism industry is done in the
economy when the tourist purchase any goods or services. The goods or services which is
purchase by the tourist include food and beverages, hotels and entertainment facilities as well as
many other things. Along with that, the increase in the demand of products and services during
tourism can encourage the people to start their own venture side by side. Moreover, the tax
which is charged by the government is the indirect contribution. Where as the purchase of any
commodity or toll tax and any other kind of the tax are charged by the country when tourist
travel to other countries (Lim, 2021).
The two most important positive impact of tourism industry is that it create or generate a
lot of job or employment opportunities for many people. As this industry is require a lot of
people so, local along with other get a job opportunity for many people. Increasing the income
of local people have a direct contribution in the economy of the country (Prince, 2020). The
second and the most important positive impact of tourist industry is that the government take the
responsibility in order to take care the historical monuments and places as these can generate the
revenue for the country. Where as the negative impact of the tourist industry is that, this industry
can create a lot of pollution as well as the consumption of natural resources is high. The second
most important negative effect of the tourist industry is that the outsider comes and start doing
the seasonal business which create an unemployment for local people. Along with that the
situation or multiplier and economical leakage effect occurs. The income or revenue which is
generate from the tourism industry is taken by the host or other country. As all the factors which
are associated to the environment such as wildlife tourism, biodiversity tourism or the other
natural things are affected directly or indirectly by the tourism (Sugathan and Ranjan, 2019).
By having a tourist spot in the country will make the government to take care the all
resources as well as the natural things as this is one of the main positive impact of the tourist.
The government promotes those businesses who uses the different sustainable development
2

techniques to give the assurance to save the environment zone. For protecting the environment
the government used different sustainable products and techniques which make the country clean
and green. Sustainability is the step taken by the government in order to increase the tourism.
However, the negative impact of the tourism on the environment is that they increase the
pollution. The pollution is increase by over consumption of plastic use or the smoke generated
from the vehicles. The over consumption of natural resources is the other main negative impact.
This is cause due to increasing the number of tourism at their preferable places. Due to this the
country is loosing there natural resources content along with its natural beauty (Brandão Breda
and Costa, 2019).
The interaction with the tourist industry can provide the platform to know about the
different culture. The main positive impact of socio-cultural is that the interaction of the local
people with the tourism can help in understanding the different culture of the other countries. As
this helps in understanding the different countries culture closely as well as benefit the local
people and the tourist in easy and comfortable interaction. From knowing the different culture,
the local people can made the varieties of things or present according to the choice of the tourist.
The negative impact of the socio-cultural is that the local people get depending on the tourist for
living their livelihood (Kumar, 2018). During the pandemic all the local people become
unemployed, as the local people were fully depend on the tourist for living their livelihood and in
pandemic the tourist are prohibited. The second most important negative impact is that the
criminal cases is increasing. This is due to the interaction between the tourist and the local is
increases. Also the criminal cases like gambling, intake and supply of drugs are increasing more
n more due to the increasing interaction of local or tourist people. As the criminal people start
involving the local people for drug supply which make the local people start developing the habit
of taking the drugs. From this, the huge amount of revenue is generated which were supply to the
host country criminally. This make the bad impact on the people of the country as well as loss of
countries money as it were supply to the host country (Yusuf, 2020).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussed essay, it is concluded that tourism industry helps in
contributing the major portion for the economy of the country. As well as the tourism industry is
affected by many factor and the most trending factor was covid-19 which has a impact on the
tourist industry. Due to covid-19 large number of the people lost their jobs in the pandemic along
3

with that they suffer for food and shelter for living their livelihood. There are also some external
or internal factor which affect the tourist industry such as economical, socio-cultural as well as
the environmental which has been concluded in the essay. Along with that, some positive or
negative aspects of the tourist industry are concluded in the discussed essay such as it create lot
of job opportunity, increase the better interaction among the local people with the tourist people
is the positive impact of the socio-cultural. It is also concluded that the sustainability
development of the country is the plus point of the environmental factor as it help in creating the
environment clean and green. Aside of this, there have also some negative impact of the tourist
industry which is also concluded in the essay such as increase the pollution.
4

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Araújo, A., Cardoso, L., Araújo, N. and Dias, F., 2019. Understanding the role of destination
imagery in mountain destination choice. Evidence from an exploratory
research. European Journal of Tourism Research, 22, pp.151-165.
Brandão, F., Breda, Z. and Costa, C., 2019. Innovation and internationalization as development
strategies for coastal tourism destinations: The role of organizational networks. Journal
of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 41, pp.219-230.
Kumar, V., 2018. Emerging trends in the sociology of tourism. Sociology International
Journal, 2(3), pp.225-237.
Lim, W.M., 2021. Toward an agency and reactance theory of crowding: Insights from COVID‐
19 and the tourism industry. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(6), pp.1690-1694.
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., Asif, M., Haq, M.Z.U. and Rehman, H.U., 2019. The contribution of
sustainable tourism to economic growth and employment in Pakistan. International
journal of environmental research and public health, 16(19), p.3785.
Meo, M., Nathaniel, S., Shaikh, G. and Kumar, A., 2021. Energy consumption, institutional
quality and tourist arrival in Pakistan: Is the nexus (a) symmetric amidst structural
breaks?. Journal of Public Affairs, 21(2), p.e2213.
Narkūnienė, R., 2019, May. Sustainability aspect of tourism development in the East Aukštaitija
region, in Lithuania. In SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the
International Scientific Conference (Vol. 6, pp. 420-429).
Orgaz-Agüera, F., Castellanos-Verdugo, M., Acosta Guzman, J.A., Cobeña, M. and Oviedo-
García, M.D.L.Á., 2020. The mediating effects of community support for sustainable
tourism, community attachment, involvement, and environmental attitudes. Journal of
Hospitality & Tourism Research, p.1096348020980126.
Prince, S., 2020. From sustainability to the anthropocene: Reflections on a pedagogy of tourism
research for planetary attachment. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 20(3),
pp.173-189.
Sangchumnong, A., 2019. Development of a sustainable tourist destination based on the creative
economy: A case study of Klong Kone Mangrove Community, Thailand. Kasetsart
Journal of Social Sciences, 40(3), pp.642-649.
5

Schumann, F.R., 2020. Circular economy principles and small island tourism Guam's initiatives
to transform from linear tourism to circular tourism. Journal of Global Tourism
Research, 5(1), pp.13-20.
Seyfi, S., Hall, C.M. and Rasoolimanesh, S.M., 2020. Exploring memorable cultural tourism
experiences. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 15(3), pp.341-357.
Sugathan, P. and Ranjan, K.R., 2019. Co-creating the tourism experience. Journal of Business
Research, 100, pp.207-217.
Tussyadiah, I.P. and Sigala, M., 2018. Shareable tourism: tourism marketing in the sharing
economy. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(1), pp.1-4.
Yusuf, M., 2020. How far can tourism go? Residents' attitudes toward tourism development in
Yogyakarta City, Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal of Geography, 52(2), pp.208-218.
6