Analyzing Tourism and Economic Development Impacts

The provided assignment involves analyzing and discussing the impacts of tourism on economic development, with a focus on various studies and research papers related to the topic. The student is expected to read and comprehend the given references, which include academic articles, books, and online resources. These sources cover different aspects of tourism, such as its effects on local communities, sustainable tourism practices, and the importance of human resource management in the tourism industry. The assignment requires the student to critically evaluate the information presented and provide a thoughtful response, showcasing their understanding of the complex relationships between tourism and economic development.

Tourism

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

Topic: Impact of development in tourism industry on Birmingham
INTRODUCTION
Tourism is analysed as one of the fastest growing service industries across the world and
its share has been continuously increasing in every sector. In UK, tourism sector has been
identified as major source of revenue generation and achievement of foreign exchange earnings
(Swarbrooke and Horner, 2012). Continuous economic development of country has also
provided major growth opportunities to tourism sector through development of new and
historical tourist destination. Increase in tourism growth and development has provided its
impact on different parts of country and generated a major source of employment for
communities.
Present essay illustrates the concept of tourism within contemporary societies within
Birmingham. The city continues to attract millions of tourists from across the countries and this
in turn boost the regional economy, creating employment opportunities for local communities. It
also determines the contribution of contemporary societies towards growth and development of
tourism in Birmingham. It also covers changes in market trends and tourist perspectives towards
tourism sector.
Main Body
Concept of tourism within contemporary societies.
Tourism sector implies the ways of attracting, accommodating and entertaining tourists
and business of operating tours. Contemporary tourism has identified as international approach
that represents a new and refreshing approach to the study of tourism, considering the issue such
as economic, financial, and environmental crisis, destination marketing, issues of governance,
tourist experience and product development (Mason, 2015). It provided an understanding about
the ongoing threats and opportunities that have been facing by tourism industry in Birmingham
and also about the potential implications for the pattern and flow of tourism in the future.
Community based tourism is tourism in which the local residents invite tourists to visit their
communities with the provision of overnight accommodation. Birmingham had attracted the
highest number of visitors on the record in the year 2016, with the tourist numbers reaching over
39 million. Tourism sector of Birmingham has also generated the highest revenue of around £6.5
billion. These contemporary societies have also developed various attractions and amenities to

facilitate a great experience to tourists. Through development of new and attractive facilities they
have also increased the recognition of culture within travel sector (Yeoman and et.al., 2012).
This mainly incorporates tourists’ motivations and behaviours destination characteristics and
patterns, service provision and tourism organization. Development of tourism tends to increase
the economic growth of country.
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Tourism can be domestic or international which has both incoming and outgoing
implication on the country's balance of payments. In Birmingham, tourism has been identified as
a major source of income for many countries which affects economy of both the source and host
countries (Murphy, 2013). These contemporary societies in tourism sector are mainly responsible
to providing facilities such as accommodation, transportation, shopping, tourist guides and other
important amenities. They are also considered as part of tourism development decisions to
ensure the needs and requirements are incorporated. Moreover, these contemporary societies are
responsible towards addressing the issues of development to enable them to protect community
interests and increase transparency and accountability.
Analysis of growth and development in tourism sector in Birmingham
Tourism sector has its major relevance in country as it has achieved major growth and
development in past several years. In UK, there are various tourist destinations which attracted
the highest number of visitors from different countries. There are various stakeholders which are
mainly involved and have an important role in generating new and attractive facilities which
tends to attract tourists from different destinations (Litman, 2017). Various new and important
facilities are developed by tour operators to attract local and international visitors towards
Birmingham. Local government also plays an important role in tourism by actively participating
in promotion, providing infrastructure and services to support tourism but also managing its
impact on tourism. According to UNWTO, tourism in Birmingham is not an important driver for
growth of economic development and employment growth but it also has influence on
communities and environment that needs to be managed effectively. Moreover, strong economy
is helping Birmingham to position on the world stage. The city also continues to attract the
millions of tourists across the countries and it has generated high employment opportunities for
people in society (Cohen and Cohen, 2012). The region has achieved a high position as an
international destination with the overseas visitors now reaching the highest record of around 1.1
million. The finding demonstrates a 50% growth in the last five years more than any other major
UK city including London. The findings revealed that the local communities in Birmingham also
wants to be involved when the tourism policies are being made to enable the policy makers to
prepare the policies that meet the stakeholders requirements and also address their concerns.
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In addition to this, increasing growth and development has resulted from generation of
new tourist destination and renovation of old monuments which are identified as centre of
attraction for tourists (Sharpley and Telfer, 2014). There are various tour operators in country
that formulates various attractive tour packages and use promote tourism destination for
attracting tourism from different parts of world. Tourism sector is also interlinked with different
industry such as Hotels, travel and retail companies which are responsible towards increasing
expenditure of international visitors in Birmingham. Findings provide an effective understanding
on Birmingham's hotel sector that saw its most successful year in their history with the
occupancy rate for 2016 peaking at 99% capacity and averaging at highest on record (Page and
Hall, 2014). Rather, the economic influence of tourism also remained beyond the obvious and
traditional components parts of the tourism industry. This major growth had also revealed many
employment opportunities for individuals and increases their GDP of country (Darbellay and
Stock, 2012). Growth in Birmingham's visitors economic is acting as catalyst for the different
sectors such as digital and multimedia, restaurants and sports and conferencing etc.
Growth and development has been occurred in tourist destination due to promotion of
important tourist destination across the world by different tour operators and government
authorities etc. development of new and attractive accommodation facilities have influence the
recognition of people who desire to take experience of luxurious travel and tourism facilities. For
example: Various tourism sector providers in Birmingham has also developed their relationship
with effective accommodation service providers in countries (Smith, 2015). Community based
tourism is tourism in which the local residents invite tourists to visit their communities with the
provision of overnight accommodation. Increase in sales forecast of tour operators determines
increasing number of tourists and traveller in countries. In growth in tourism has also generated
new facilities' regeneration to our towns and cities and essentially a sense of pride for local
community.
According to tourism report, the direct contribution of travel and tourism towards GDP
was 3.74% of total GDP in 2016 and is forecast to rise by 2.9% in 2017 and also increase by
2.2% per annum from the year 2017- 2027 to total of 3.6% of total GDP in 2027. This major
reflects that contribution also reflects increase in number of people from overseas nation in to
Birmingham (Hampton and Jeyacheya, 2013). This major contribution tends to raise the
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economic development of country and provided ability to government to focuses on development
of tourists destinations. Further, increase in tourism is identified as method of comprehending
culture and values among those tourist who desire to have knowledge about different tourist
destination in country.
Contribution of contemporary societies towards growth and development of tourism in
Birmingham
Societies are identified as important factors towards continuous growth and development
of tourism industries because they tend to create new facilities and things which attracts people
to travel in Birmingham. There are famous cultural and traditional festivals are organized by
communities in city are also identified as centre of attraction for tourists that entails new and
effective promotion of products (Moseley, 2013). As per marketing statistics of organization,
local communities and societies have played an important role in increasing revenue of tourism
sector. New and effective policies have developed by government to promote these local
communities in different countries so that they will provide quality of service to visitors and
should meet their requirements. Socio economic factors such as income, mobility, age and
education and cost are identified as crucial in the evolution of major demand for tourism in UK.
Together with the leisure, these are also responsible for determining the growth and
development of international tourism. Increase in promotional practice and application new
technologies by communities have also provided positive influence by increasing recognition of
tourist in Birmingham. For example: by using social media application, online promotion and
websites, these contemporary societies have also increased recognition of tourist destination
across countries (Abankina, 2013). Further, there are various factors in societies which has
provided their major contribution towards development of new attraction and amenities for
visitors in country. Travel motivation is identified as one of the most important as its stated that
prospective traveller's selection of destination is many times linked with trip to travel
supermarket where the shopper walks in and selects destination from any one of the thousands of
voice.
Along with this, international tourism plays an important role towards contributing to cultural
exchange and sustainable tourism development. It also high buffered and short term consumers
experience of other locales (Andres and Chapain, 2013). Tourist can pay and also leave
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remaining isolated from the negative impacts of local level. Apart from this, Tourism may also
increase recognition of significance of respecting the cultural diversity and development of
identity as a world citizen.
While tourism industry is also willing to improve their own products and service as there is a
conflict between the industry's pursuit of economic gains and social and environmental
responsibility. It has also increased the level of perception among the people in overseas nations
to travel in different countries across the world (Coles, Dinan and Hutchison, 2014). Moreover,
industry also lacks information on the major requirement of sustainable tourism and ways
through which they will integrate economic forces with the environmental and social
requirements. The mass media communication channels specially television through films and
reports about the events, sights etc. in other countries across the globe.
These are increasingly influential on various travel decisions and behaviour of consumers
in the destinations. Moreover, these programmes often serve as advertisement, painting images
of destinations, rather than providing potential information for the travellers. Increase in
government participation in many tourist destination and local communities have little
information from what to expect from tourism and incoming tourists and also how to influence
and manage tourism along with guiding tourists behaviours (Dhiman, 2012). Moreover, tourist
behaviour in countries is also influenced by finding sustainable tourism forms and aspects of
tourism at various levels and sanctioning unacceptable behaviour and discouraging in
appropriate consumer behaviour. Moreover, for continuous development of tourism, local
communities in Birmingham needs to provide their major emphasize on generating new and
unique facilities to attract more and more international visitors (Capone, 2015). Continuous
economic development also provide them capabilities to achieve success in business operations.
Moreover, the big city plans of government also sits at the heart of Birmingham's citywide
growth agenda supporting its vision of Birmingham as the growing, global city with a local
heart. The central objective of Tourism growth of city is to secure important and sustainable
population growth and provision of high quality infrastructure, transportation facilities and local
services. Along with this, the city tourism council is also committed towards continuous
improvement of Birmingham's social economic and environmental well being so that it will be
recognised as sustainable city of major excellence at international level.
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Different theoretical perspectives position tourism within contemporary societies.
There is an important relationship between tourism and societies which is conceptualized
in both tourism development and media. Tourism is continuously becoming a norm in different
societies. In different local communities, it has been viewed as routine activities because many
individuals and families have made tourism as tradition to get away from their residence once in
while to tourist destination either for getting pleasure or business purpose (Shakeela, Breakey
and Ruhanen, 2012). Sociology in tourism is identified as significant discipline that needs to be
considered when highlight on the tourism sector and its impacts on societies across the globe. It
enables to understand the attitudes and behaviours of visitors in order to improve their quality
lives and to attain quality of living. Further, when the country will appreciate the value of
different culture, people and countries, then they will be able to treat them better and also not
underestimate and looking down to them.
Moreover, sociology in tourism also empower the tourism industry in Birmingham to
identify solutions that will kerb their societal problem and also carry outs the last ways of living
towards the society. It is can be done through tourism and critically analysing the impacts that
tourism industry carry out on society and utilization of active mechanism to resolve these
problems (Petrova and Hristov, 2016). The major influence of societies towards development of
tourism has also raised the perception of tourism in countries to have an influence on various
important business aspects to promote tourism. Relationship between the tourists and
communities in Birmingham and local people, structure and operations of the tourism systems
and consequences and impacts of tourism. Moreover, tourist also represents the mixed
combination of people who also have diverse personalities, experiences and demographics.
Moreover, local communities in organization also tends to increase the capabilities of country
and tourist destinations to attract more tourist in countries.
In addition to this, the tourists and local communities are otherwise concerned as the
guests and hosts development an counter. When they will meet each other, different major
behaviours as well as expectation also develop which does on changing the array of both
societies and tourists (Mason, 2015). Moreover, the tourism in Birmingham is also positioned
within the context of an array of the external environments such as society, economies and
politics. Further, its functions are also based on effect of these environments.
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Apart from this, the functionalism theory also determined the societies as complex system
whose different components together will create strategic capabilities and solidarity. Rather, it
also believes the society as various different social parts for example family, religion, education
and government that work together in order to create society as whole (Pastras and Bramwell,
2013). The two major theories have been worked together to make stability with the societies
because as society is responsible for development of structural frame that make functions it is
more profitable for the society. Apart from, conflict theory also provides its major emphasis on
relevance of the tourism structures of the countries as it disagrees with the concern of business.
It is identified major dominant approach as it mainly focuses on problems and difference of the
society. Moreover, famous author has also provided understanding that conflict and interest of
the major society is analysed as result of the major difference that exists within the wealth
distribution and allocation of power (Modica, 2015). These perspectives effective provides clear
understanding that societies and its culture will play an important role in increasing tourism
development in Birmingham. This aids in resolving issues of society based on cultural
differences that affects tourism. Moreover, increase in facilities will comprehend the
development of tourism in future and also provides ability to organization towards sustaining
business opportunities and achievement of success. The findings from theories provides clear
understanding that employment of tourism is major part of many people lives in society.
Moreover, the inadequacy and insufficiency of available income has also provided impact on the
flow of participation within tourism and purchasing the tourism travel which has also found it
difficult to the absence of disposable income.
Change in market trends and tourist perspective towards travel and tourism
Tour and activities providers have been used to spotting the trends as it is a natural part of
trade in industry. The world of tourism has also undergone some major changes in tour and
activities in past several years. This sector is used to be dominated by visitors from western
countries and travelling largely yo the conventional destinations within Europe, America and
some major places in Asia. The most important development in tourism from last 15 years in
Birmingham has been resulted from arrival of Chinese tourists within the world market.
According to national tourism of china, 122 million outbound trips have been made by Chinese
visitors to rest European countries in the year 2016 (Santi, Oktarina and Kustiari, 2014). This
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number of tourist has been increase in they year 2017 to 130 million. In the terms of spending
power, their influence on the world tourist industry is identified as greater. When the important
part of tourism that needs to be occurred by organisation with an aim of getting more and more
improvement in travel and tourism sector (Birmingham Economic Review, 2017). Continuous
development and adaptation of technologies has also provided plat form for organization to raise
the importance of business enterprise. This also increase in business opportunities in travel and
tourism also provided influence major aspects of organisation. Continuous improvement in
travelling sector has also influenced the perception of people to travel in different countries at
low rate. This major economic development of country has also raised the perception of tourist
towards travelling to luxurious and attractive tourists destinations where they will found all
facilities such as accommodation, transportation and economic feasibility.
Moreover, the most important noticeable trend within the industry of tourism has been
found as rise of cruise of holidays. As per the view of(), the number of cruise passengers have
been increased from 24.7 million in 2016 to 26 million in the year in 2017. Moreover,
continuous increase in cruise passengers in Birmingham can also be attributed to various factors.
Moreover, the Asian tourist in city especially the Chinese tourist have also made very significant
in roads in to the cruise holidays (Haider and et.al., 2015). Along with this, increase in economic
development of country has increase the buying power of people and changed their perception
towards travelling to countries where they will found new and unique amenities. However,
Birmingham has achieved high growth in number of tourist because they are providing attractive
tourism service and also met the requirements of Visitors across world. Along with this, rise in
implementation of technology has also increased the buying power of people to make equerry
about services which are provided by tour operators in country.
The research provide clear analysis that Birmingham city is the fourth and most visited place in
the UK by international tourists after London, Edinburgh and Manchester. These are analysed as
number which are matched by increase in spending of tourist in city. Moreover, the last year
expenditure of international visitor in city was around £386m which is entails the growth which
has been achieved by tourism industry by increase in amenities and attractions for tourism in
countries. Moreover, business travel to Birmingham has also been increased by almost 20% in
the year 2015 along with the visitors of around 619000 (Mason, 2015). Moreover, more than 1
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billion Euro are also invested in the region in past year with the new development involving New
street station and transport hub which is identified as home to the new grand central shopping
centre.
In order to meet the continuous changing requirements of tourist related to accommodation
service and amenities, there currently 14 hotel;s is either the planning or construction phase in
Birmingham have been constructed phase in Birmingham including the refurbishment of the
famous grand hotels in the which will also have 152 accommodation when it will finish in the
year 2018.
Influence of development in tourism industry on Birmingham
Tourism industry is one of the fastest growing industry in UK and other countries as it
has led major facilities and met the requirement of international visitors. It is also analysed major
revenue generator industry which is also linked with other industry (Murphy, 2013). Tourism
industry tends to provide influence major economic trends in markets also raised implies some
changes in perception of tourist in countries across the world.
There are major economic influences have been provided by development of tourism in
Birmingham such as increase in employment opportunities, development of communities,
development of new facilities and amenities, increase in number of international visitors,
increase rate of growth and recognition among countries. Moreover, increase in employment
opportunities is recognised as one of the most important influence led by development of tourism
in Birmingham. Earlier, local communities in Birmingham has faced many challenges due to low
rate of growth and unemployment in country. People in country was not having effective
resource to carry out business operations. Increase in number of visitors have also identified as
positive influence in city. Birmingham has welcomed the major number of visitors on the record
in the year 2016 along with rise in number of tourist reaching over 39 million. This increase in
revenue and growth of country has also increased the level of countries. Increase in competition
in market has also raised the development of opportunities for tourism sector. There are many
stakeholders, such as government, Tour operators ,travel agencies and special tourism service
providers have made a lot of efforts to achieve high profitability in market which has ultimately
provided impact on growth of country. Although, the city council also identified that quality of
environment within the city also has its major importance in accordance with the quality of life
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in city of evidence. Moreover, attaining the twin objectives of Urban generation and economic
revitalization is identified as major thought to be dependent on creating an attractive and safe
environment within the city.
Development of tourism sector has also increased the recognition of Birmingham in
people living in overseas nations as an international tourist's destination. This major recognition
has raised the number of business class visitors in countries that tends to raise the importance of
various organization (Journal of Tourism & Hospitality, 2017). Sustainable development of
tourism in UK has also provided growth in sales and profitability to small business enterprises
engaged in service and hospitality industry. Increase in international visitors will tend to increase
sales and profitability of small business enterprise in international level. Increase in profitability
will provide them support in expansion of their business at international level. Moreover,
continuous increase in growth of country tends to raise the GDP of countries and level of
education among people. Development and contentious growth people living in poor
communities will achieve employment opportunities. Increase in sports and other events in
country is also identified as important part of growth and development of tourism which tends to
reduce problems and carry out city towards achievement major recognition from people in
different parts of world. Development of tourism sector, has also increased in number of
organisation in different sector in countries.
CONCLUSION
From this essay, it has been concluded that tourism industry plays an important role in
providing growth to the economy. It also promotes culture of country among the people arriving
from different parts. Analysis provides clear understanding that increase in number of
international visitors in Birmingham has tends increase its recognition. Birmingham is analysed a
fastest growing international visitors in countries. Societies are identified as important factors
towards continuous growth and development of tourism industries because they tend to create
new facilities and things which attracts people to travel in Birmingham. Chinese people are the
highest number of tourist that arrives in Birmingham and made their highest expenditure uin
countries. Different theoretical perspective are also taken in to consideration which has provided
a clear understanding that difference in culture also affect growth of tourism industry, Analysis
of current trends also provides understanding that the number of cruise passengers have been
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increased from 24.7 million in 2016 to 26 million in the year in 2017. Moreover, continuous
increase in cruise passengers in Birmingham can also be attributed to various factors.
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