Tourism Theory

This document provides a detailed study on physical access to market, spatial interactions ways to create attractions, importance of itinerary models and management access implications in the tourism industry. It includes a critical review of literature, comparing and contrasting different ideas, methodology, findings, and conclusion. The subject is Tourism Theory and the document type is an assignment.

Running head: TOURISM THEORY
Tourism Theory
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Authors Note:

1
TOURISM THEORY
Abstract:
Tourism business for many regions in the world is one of the main sources of revenue for the
governments and locals of these places. A detailed study on the important elements of the
tourism business shall be beneficial for the tourism industry in general to attract more tourists in
the future. The findings from the study shows the impact of physical access on tourist flows. The
development of tourism industry in any country or location to large extent is dependent on the
market access. It is important to have access to market for the tourism industry to flourish and
the study certainly proves it beyond any doubt. The study shows that there are number of
elements that attract the tourists to a place. These elements include building, bundling, creation
of precincts to tourism, developing touring routes and attractive events.

2
TOURISM THEORY
Contents
Abstract:...........................................................................................................................................1
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................3
Part 1:...............................................................................................................................................3
Critical review of literature:.........................................................................................................3
Comparing and contrasting different ideas:.................................................................................6
Methodology:.............................................................................................................................11
Finding:......................................................................................................................................11
Distance decay:..........................................................................................................................12
Part 2:.............................................................................................................................................13
Reviewing the theory with practical practice in Hong Kong by using primary and secondary
data:............................................................................................................................................13
Part 3:.............................................................................................................................................15
Integrating theory and practice:.................................................................................................15
Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................31
References:....................................................................................................................................32

3
TOURISM THEORY
Introduction:
Hong Kong is a region in the People’ Republic of China. Located in the eastern side of Pearl
River Estuary, Hong Kong is a specially administered region of the country. The region is one of
the most densely populated regions in whole across the globe with more than 7.4 million people
of different nationalities and culture living in a total area of 1,104 square kilometer in the region.
The region is especially popular for number of attractive locations for the tourists. People from
all over the world visit Hong Kong as it provides number of attractive tourist spots (Bunghez,
2016). Also the fact that the region has become one of the most sought after financial centers in
the world helps in attracting tourists. The infrastructure is also one of the regions to attract
tourists in the region as the infrastructure of the region can easily challenge the infrastructure of
any developed western states. A detailed study on physical access to market, spatial interactions
ways to create attractions, importance of itinerary models and management access implications is
provided in this document (Fang, Ye & Law, 2016).
Part 1:
Critical review of literature:
In order to evaluate the concept of market decay in Hong Kong tourism it is essential to visit the
HKTB’s visitor profile and collect report from 2005 to 2018. The information available in the
official website of Hong Kong Tourism Board clearly shows that the tourist arrivals in Hong
Kong have increased per year. In fact even the latest monthly data shows significant increase in
tourist arrivals from both Mainland China and non-Mainland China. The arrivals of tourists from
short haul market as well as long haul markets have also increased each month as per the latest
report. The extracts taken from the HKTB’s website shows the increase in number of tourist
arrivals in Hong Kong in recent months. Thus, the concept of decay in Hong Kong Tourism is

4
TOURISM THEORY
falling flat at the very first hurdle. The official data about tourist arrivals from Mainland China,
Non-Mainland China, short haul market, long haul market and even new markets have all shown
significant growth in recent years and months. Decay in tourism market would firstly show
stagnation in the number of tourist arrivals in the place from both domestic and foreign markets.
However, here the official data about tourist arrivals in recent years have suggested that the
number of arrivals from different parts of China and foreign countries have increased
significantly.
However, there are number of reasons for the concept of decay in Hong Kong tourism to be
tested. These reasons include the continuous human right violation allegations against the China
in Hong Kong and other parts of the country, the political situation of the state and others. It is
due to this that despite being part of Mainland China, visitors to Hong Kong from Mainland
China have to undergo multiple restrictions and regulations. Even people of Mainland China
have to undergo immigration regulations to come to Hong Kong thus, the fear of degradation in
the tourism business in Hong Kong is due to some valid reason. However, the historic data on
tourist arrivals from as early as 2001 and as recent as the month of August, 2019 show that the
number of tourist arrivals from Mainland and Non-Mainland China both have increased
significantly with each passing month and year.
Due to the immigration restrictions even for the citizens of China to come to Hong Kong the
Tourism board has introduced Individual Visitor Scheme (IVS) and multiple visa policies for the
leisure visitors. However, these policies and decisions have also increased the conflicts between
the visitors from Mainland China and residents of Hong Kong. However, both IVS and multiple
visa policies have positively influenced the number of tourist arrivals in this part of the country
from both domestic and foreign market. In fact the number of arrivals from new markets such as

5
TOURISM THEORY
India, Russia, Vietnam and other parts of the world have also increased significantly subsequent
to the introduction of Individual Visitor Scheme and multiple visa policies for leisure visitors. In
fact the growth in leisure tourism in Hong Kong has been exceptional since the introduction of
IVS. In past 18 years the region has seen exceptional increase in the number of visitors from
Mainland China and Non-Mainland China.
The tourism industry is driven by attraction and there is no two ways about the same. However,
the importance of access and the ease with which visitors reach the destinations is crucial to the
overall attraction of a place as far as the tourism aspects are concerned. The critical aspect to
tourism is that if the tourists are unable to reach the destinations properly or no time then the
whole aspect of attraction is lost completely (Guillet & Kucukusta, 2018). Hence, the importance
of access is crucial to the success of tourism business in anywhere around the globe. The
availability of products and experiencing the culture of the place are restricted significantly if the
physical access is limited. Hence, the importance of physical access is key to the success of
tourism industry in a place and it is not different in case of Hong Kong also (Ladkin & Weber,
2017). The three features of access are as following:
I. The physical access and its impact on tourism flow.
II. The market access and its impact on demand.
III. The impact of tourism itinerary models.
Physical access and its impact on tourist flow:
The term physical access clearly explains that it is about the process of tourists getting to the
desired locations in tourist destinations. Overall it is about the quality of infrastructure of the
region that leads to the tourist spot which determines the ease of physical access for the tourists.

6
TOURISM THEORY
The infrastructure include the roads, the transportation system including air, sea and road
transport facilities in the place and charter access to the region (Lam & Gao, 2018). All these are
crucial to the overall growth and success of a tourism industry in any region. The ease of
reaching various destinations in a region would depend on these elements of infrastructure and
thus, it is important for any region to have a standard infrastructure in place to improve the
physical access of the place.
Advantage of strong physical access is not enough:
However, strong physical access is certainly an advantage but it is not enough for the
development of any region as tourism hot spot. In order to improve the attractiveness of a place
as tourism destination it is essential to have other attributes such as the market access, tourism
itinerary stable political situation, no unrest or political agitations and good law and order
situation (Law, Rong, Vu, Li & Lee, 2017).
Comparing and contrasting different ideas:
The tourism industries in different parts of the world has different approach to develop the
industry in these regions. There are number of different countries which have extremely high
proportion of income coming from the tourism industry as compared to many countries that have
average proportion of total income coming from tourism industry and then there is countries
which have very low proportion of total income coming from tourism industry. A comparative
and contrasting analysis of these countries shall be helpful in understanding the differences in
ideas (Law, Rong, Vu, Li & Lee, 2017).
The 8 markets chosen for comparison and contrasting the arrivals in Hong Kong in recent years
include 4 long haul market and 4 short haul market. The 4 long haul markets for the purpose are

7
TOURISM THEORY
United States of America, United Kingdom, Germany and Australia. 4 short haul markets on the
other hand are Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Malaysia.
In the month of December, 2017 and December 2018 the number arrivals in Hong Kong from
the short haul markets were as following:
Short haul markets December 2017 December 2018
Japan 109,572 126,195
South Korea 131,898 136,800
Singapore 78,047 84,667
Malaysia 72,953 72,267
In the month of July, 2018 and July, 2019 the number arrivals in Hong Kong from the short haul
markets were as following:
Short haul markets July 2018 July 2019
Japan 87,439 89,908
South Korea 98,776 78,210
Singapore 36,518 34,726
Malaysia 28,820 26,513

8
TOURISM THEORY
In the month of August, 2018 and August, 2019 the number arrivals in Hong Kong from the
short haul markets were as following:
Short haul markets August 2018 August 2019
Japan 119,194 89,120
South Korea 112,959 72,166
Singapore 37,740 22,842
Malaysia 30,658 19,763
The above data provides interesting data about the tourist arrivals in Hong Kong in recent
months. Whereas the December, 2018 data which is only about 10 months back from now
showed that the number tourist arrivals to Hong Kong from each of the short haul markets have
increased significantly as compared to the arrivals of corresponding month of 2017. However, in
last few months the trends have changed a bit (2019). The number of arrivals from the short haul
markets in July, 2019 have declined for South Korea, Singapore and Malaysia compared to the
number of arrivals in the corresponding month of preceding year, 2018. However, the arrivals
from Japan have increased a bit comparatively in July 2019 as against the number of arrivals in
corresponding month 2018. In August, 2019 the decline in number of arrivals from these short
haul market is sharper than the comparative decline in the month of July, 2019. All the 4 short
haul markets have registered decline in number of tourists from 26% to 40% in August, 2019
from the corresponding month of 2018. The recent protests in Hong Kong has certainly
influenced the decision of the tourists to visit the region. Comparative analysis of long haul

9
TOURISM THEORY
markets in recent period shall further indicate particular trend in this respect, if any ("Latest
Statistics", 2019).
In the month of December, 2017 and December 2018 the number arrivals in Hong Kong from
the short haul markets were as following:
Long haul markets December 2017 December 2018
USA 109,783 117,517
UK 46,462 46,367
Germany 16,574 19,239
Australia 54,655 61,122
In the month of July, 2018 and July, 2019 the number arrivals in Hong Kong from the short haul
markets were as following:
Long haul markets July 2018 July 2019
USA 105,698 104,385
UK 39,538 40,090
Germany 13,965 13,864
Australia 47,022 41,476

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TOURISM THEORY
In the month of August, 2018 and August, 2019 the number arrivals in Hong Kong from the long
haul markets were as following:
Long haul markets August 2018 August 2019
USA 89,055 66,364
UK 41,393 35,032
Germany 14,749 12,447
Australia 40,084 29,957
It is clear from the data on tourist arrivals from long haul markets of USA, UK, Germany and
Australia that in recent months, especially in July and August 2019 the number of arrivals to
Hong Kong have reduced in comparison to the number of arrivals in corresponding months of
previous year, i.e. 2018. Thus, both short haul markets and long haul markets have shown same
trend as far the tourist arrivals are concerned (2019). The protest in Hong Kong along with
political unrest due to clamp down of Chinese Administration on the local residents of Hong
Kong have certainly influenced the tourism industry in the country and specifically in Hong
Kong. However, it would immature to term this as a decay in Hong Kong tourism as this is more
like a temporary blot in ever growing tourism market in Hong Kong and China (2019).
Existence of distance decay is true for tourism business globally and it is not different from Hong
Kong tourism also. The graph below showing the footfalls of tourists from 4 long haul markets,

11
TOURISM THEORY
i.e. US, UK, Australia and Germany. The impact of distance decay is quite clear from the
downward line.
Methodology:
The data of international tourists’ arrivals in 270 plus countries over the last five year’s period
would be compared and contrasted to form an opinion on prosperity of tourism industry in
China, Hong Kong specifically compared to the other countries around the globe.
Finding:
Accumulated from the International Tourism Year Book shows the China has significant number
of international standard arrivals as compared to many major countries. In fact except East Asia
& Pacific countries, Europe and Central Asia countries, Central Europe and the Baltics and Arab
Worlds no combined region have higher international tourist arrivals than China ("Mapping and
Its Importance to Supply Chains: A Case Study", 2018). The contribution of Hong Kong in the
overall international standard arrivals in China is highest. Thus, it is clear that the region has
immense impact on the overall tourism industry in the world (Mattsson & Orfila-Sintes, 2017).

12
TOURISM THEORY
Distance decay:
The impact of distance on the tourism market in Hong Kong is clear from the lines that have
gone downward. The impact of themes on the tourism business in the region is also clear due to
obvious reason.
Tourist profile changes:
The age, gender, ethnicity, language and other elements of composition of travel party have
significant impact on the tourism industry in a particular region. The short haul markets
including arrivals from Mainland China is significantly higher as compared to arrivals from long
haul market. The profile of the tourists is one of the main reason for the difference between the
numbers of arrivals from short haul and long haul markets.
Trip profile changes:
Hong Kong being a hot destination for tourist has many challenges including trip profile
changes. The elements such as length of stay, repeat visits and package tours all affect the
decision of the tourists. The decay in tourism industry for a particular region is also dependent on
too much exposure of the place. Thus, maintaining something new is important to attract tourists.
The distance decay experienced in HKTB to a certain extent is also due to the inability of the
HKTB to attract tourists by offering something new and attractive.
Behavioral changes:
Behavioral changes certainly is another factor affecting the tourism industry. Hong Kong has
number of different things that offer the tourists including products and unique memorabilia to
acquire. However, the spending pattern is extremely loaf sided due to the exchange rates and the

13
TOURISM THEORY
long haul markets are affected due to the same. The decay in tourism in Hong Kong as evidenced
from the above graph is also to a certain extent due to the changes in behavior.
Part 2:
Reviewing the theory with practical practice in Hong Kong by using primary and
secondary data:
The importance of creating an atmosphere suitable for the tourists to come and visit a place
decides the fate of tourism industry in the place. As already mentioned that physical access,
market access and tourism itinerary models play the most significant roles in determining the
development and growth of tourism industry in a region apart from stable political condition, law
and order situation of the place and other social standards (Qu & Tse, 2017). In this case the
changes in infrastructure in the entire country and specifically in Hong Kong has completely
changed the way Hong Kong and other parts of the country were connected. Thus, in recent
years the share of China arrival has increased to 76% as compared to merely 1.94% in the
1990’s. The data provided in the table below will further highlight the major increase in share of
China tourist arrivals (Rong, 2017).
Share of China arrivals taken from the historic data of tourism in the country for arrivals at Hong
Kong will provide an insight into the attractiveness of the tourism destinations in this part of the
world (Song, 2017).
Year China share All
arrivals
China
arrivals
2017 76.01098 China 58472157 44445259

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TOURISM THEORY
2016 75.50652 China 56654903 42778145
2015 77.29593 China 59307600 45842360
2014 77.66043 China 60838836 47247700
2013 75.0396 China 54298000 40745000
2012 71.81117 China 48615000 34911000
2011 67.03115 China 41921000 28100129
2010 62.95914 China 36030331 22684388
2009 60.68379 China 29590654 17956731
2008 57.14652 China 29506616 16862003
2007 54.97401 China 28169293 15485789
2006 53.8247 China 25251124 13591342
2005 53.68884 China 23359417 12541400
2004 56.1463 China 21810630 12245862
2003 55.10412 China 15365839 8467211
2002 41.36207 China 16566382 6852199
2001 32.34784 China 13752332 4448583
2000 28.98968 China 13059477 3785900

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TOURISM THEORY
1999 28.30529 China 11328272 3206500
1998 26.29647 China 10159646 2671628
1997 20.97183 China 11273377 2364233
1996 18.4168 China 12973700 2389341
1995 21.9926 China 10200000 2243245
1994 2.086476 China 93156000 1943678
1993 1.940027 China 89327500 1732978
Share of China arrivals in the total arrivals as can be seen from the above data has increased with
each passing year. In fact the share of China arrivals has grown to almost 80% in recent years. In
2017 the proportion of China arrivals is 76.01% of the total arrivals as against meagre 1.94% in
1993 (Szczechowicz, 2018).
Part 3:
Integrating theory and practice:
The historical data on tourism industry in the country shows that Hong Kong is at the top of the
pile when it comes to state wise segregation of different states in the country. The table below
shows the ranking of different states in the country (Tse & Qiu, 2016).

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TOURISM THEORY
1.
Hong
Kong
2.
Shang
hai
3.
Beijing
4.
Macau
5.
Guangz
hou
6.
Shenz
hen
7.
Sanya
8. Xi'an
9.
Hangz
hou
10.
Chengd
u
11.
Qingd
ao
12.
Dalian
13.
Xiamen
14.
Zhuhai
15.
Nanjing
16.
Guilin
17.
Suzho
u
18.
Chongq
ing
19.
Tianjin
20.
Haikou
The annual data on tourism in Hong Kong would be helpful in analyzing the impact on tourism
industry in the region over the years. A comparative analysis shall be helpful in contrasting the
difference in the number of visitors and compare these with the changes made in the region to
attract tourists (Vu, Li, Law & Ye, 2015).
The data below are of 2014:
2014 All 608388
36
277704
95
330683
77
608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
2014 9114000 Australia 608388 277704 580680 603800 468300 135500

17
TOURISM THEORY
36 95 00
2014 4480600
0
C & S
America
608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
194100 128000 65100
2014 3351800
0
Canada 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
354400 245200 109200
2014 1072260
00
China 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
472477
00
190770
14
330684
00
2014 2791900
0
France 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
217100 158700 58400
2014 8300800
0
Germany 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
218500 159500 59000
2014 1178300
0
Iberia 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
82400
2014 1833000
0
India 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
516100 322200 193900
2014 8074000 Indonesia 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
492000 365200 126800
2014 2846000
0
Italy 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
111800 73400 38000
2014 1690300 Japan 608388 277704 580680 107880 636400 442300

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TOURISM THEORY
0 36 95 00 0
2014 1608100
0
Korea 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
125100
0
894500 356500
2014 Malaysia 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
589900 437300 152500
2014 Middle
East
608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
188500 116700 71500
2014 1792800
0
Netherlan
ds
608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
92800 69700 23100
2014 3317600
0
Nordic 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
118322
2014 2276000 NZ 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
100834 70900 29400
2014 Philippin
es
608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
634700 521200 113500
2014 4588900
0
Russia 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
202100 131600 70500
2014 S Africa 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
71000 36100 34800
2014 8903000 Singapor 608388 277704 580680 737911 567300 170600

19
TOURISM THEORY
e 36 95 00
2014 1184500
0
Taiwan 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
203183
3
807168 122470
0
2014 6444000 Thailand 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
485121 394900 90200
2014 5836400
0
UK 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
520900 423100 97700
2014 6817600
0
USA 608388
36
277704
95
580680
00
113060
0
801400 329100
The date below are of 2015:
2015 All 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
593075
96
266860
26
326220
00
2015 9459000 Australia 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
603841 439769 134501
2015 4683400
0
C & S
America
593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
188626 125100 62300
2015 3326700
0
Canada 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
358448 245676 112700

20
TOURISM THEORY
2015 1188060
00
China 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
458423
60
179968
27
278450
00
2015 2664800
0
France 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
209825 156215 53600
2015 Germany 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
213802 153888 59800
2015 1440700
0
Iberia 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
85500
2015 India 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
531770 336501 195300
2015 8176000 Indonesia 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
413568 316962 100600
2015 2904000
0
Italy 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
108000 71300 35900
2015 1621400
0
Japan 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
104927
2
632959 416300
2015 1931000
0
Korea 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
124329
3
933447 309800
2015 Malaysia 593076 266860 326216 544688 406249 138400

21
TOURISM THEORY
00 00 00
2015 Middle
East
593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
180400 115900 64100
2015 1807000
0
Netherlan
ds
593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
91596 67965 23600
2015 3381200
0
Nordic 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
134000
2015 2412000 NZ 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
95600 66800 28200
2015 Philippin
es
593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
704082 584481 119601
2015 3455000
0
Russia 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
151469 91958 59500
2015 S Africa 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
71400 36000 35100
2015 9125000 Singapor
e
593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
675411 518897 119600
2015 1318300
0
Taiwan 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
201579
7
831644 118440
0
2015 6798000 Thailand 593076 266860 326216 529410 411416 156500

22
TOURISM THEORY
00 00 00
2015 6426500
0
UK 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
529505 428558 100900
2015 7345400
0
USA 593076
00
266860
00
326216
00
118102
4
839159 341800
The data below are of 2016:
2016 All 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
265526
18
301022
22
301020
00
2016 Australia 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
575800 436000 139800
2016 C & S
America
566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
192436 127500 62300
2016 Canada 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
369300 252800 112700
2016 China 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
427781
45
173649
46
254133
00

23
TOURISM THEORY
2016 France 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
213600 157200 56500
2016 Germany 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
226600 162400 64153
2016 Iberia 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
92100
2016 India 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
480906 325400 155500
2016 Indonesia 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
464400 362700 101700
2016 Italy 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
105300 70000 34600
2016 Japan 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
109230
0
692500 399800
2016 Korea 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
139230
0
107200
0
320300
2016 Malaysia 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
535500 403900 131600
2016 Middle 566549 265526 301022 176300 120500 55400

24
TOURISM THEORY
East 03 18 22
2016 Netherlan
ds
566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
95800 71200 24500
2016 Nordic 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
141788
2016 NZ 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
96817 67800 27900
2016 Philippine
s
566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
791200 675900 115300
2016 Russia 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
142664 86700 56000
2016 S Africa 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
66400 34200 32000
2016 Singapore 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
674000 525600 115300
2016 Taiwan 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
201142
8
872999 113840
0
2016 Thailand 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
594600 455400 148300

25
TOURISM THEORY
2016 UK 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
551900 442000 109900
2016 USA 566549
03
265526
18
301022
22
121150
0
869000 342600
The data below are of 2017:
2017 Australia 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
567000 432300 123200
2017 C & S
America
5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
194000 128700 65600
2017 Canada 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
378000 257100 111000
2017 China 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
4444500
0
1852600
0
2588800
0
2017 France 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
202000 151200 52400
2017 Germany 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
227000 159500 60000
2017 Iberia 5847200 2788500 3058800

26
TOURISM THEORY
0 0 0
2017 India 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
393000 276000 114500
2017 Indonesia 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
482000 385000 96400
2017 Italy 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
105000 69900 35000
2017 Japan 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
1230000 813000 415400
2017 Korea 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
1488000 1161000 326800
2017 Malaysia 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
516000 392000 124400
2017 Middle
East
5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
170000 116000 53900
2017 Netherland
s
5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
95000 69900 25000
2017 Nordic 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0

27
TOURISM THEORY
2017 NZ 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
96000 73600 32000
2017 Philippines 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
895000 765000 119400
2017 Russia 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
148000 90000 58000
2017 S Africa 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
65000 34200 31100
2017 Singapore 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
628000 484000 137000
2017 Taiwan 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
2011000 857000 1150000
2017 Thailand 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
560000 449000 129800
2017 UK 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
573000 443500 106000
2017 USA 5847200
0
2788500
0
3058800
0
1216000 870300 337000
2017 All 5847200 2788500 3058800

28
TOURISM THEORY
0 0 0
Year Outbou
nd
volume
from
country
(WTO
ON
where
availabl
e
Country/
economy of
origin
Total
arrivals
to HK
for the
year
Total
ON
arrivals
To HK
for the
year
Total
same
day
arrivals
to HK
(all
markets
)
All
arrivals
from
source
market
Overnig
ht
arrivals
from
source
market
same
day for
source
market
2018 Taiwan 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
192500
0
806523 111900
0
2018 All 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
2018 Australia 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
569700 442800 126900
2018 C & S 651475 292630 358850 188600 126700 61900

29
TOURISM THEORY
America 55 00 00
2018 Canada 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
374100 260500 113600
2018 China 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
510390
00
199020
00
311370
00
2018 France 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
200800 150400 50400
2018 Germany 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
222500 165200 57300
2018 Iberia 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
92700
2018 India 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
387500 276500 111000
2018 Indonesia 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
427200 343000 84200
2018 Italy 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
102200 68600 33600
2018 Japan 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
128600
0
852000 434000

30
TOURISM THEORY
2018 Korea 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
142100
0
111600
0
305000
2018 Malaysia 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
510500 392000 118500
2018 Middle East 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
165000 113100 51900
2018 Netherlands 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
93900 70290 23600
2018 Nordic 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
134000
2018 NZ 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
108400 74100 34300
2018 Philippines 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
893100 764500 128600
2018 Russia 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
162000 95746 66200
2018 S Africa 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
68500 37100 31400
2018 Singapore 651475 292630 358850 610000 481400 128600

31
TOURISM THEORY
55 00 00
2018 Thailand 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
571600 449600 122000
2018 UK 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
564300 452400 111900
2018 USA 651475
55
292630
00
358850
00
128830
0
932000 356300
The data of past 5 years clearly shows that with each passing year the growth in tourism business
has been quite impressive and China has lead the way as far as increase in tourism industry
around the globe is concerned. The country with each passing year has increased its share in the
overall tourism business suggesting that as compared to other major nations across the globe the
growth in the tourism industry in the country has been higher. The ability of the country and
specifically Hong Kong to improve the physical access, market access and itinerary models shall
is reflected in the improved performance of tourism sector in the country (Wang, Lin, Chen &
Gillard, 2017).
Conclusion:
The above discussion shows that the growing importance given by the Chinese administration on
the infrastructure of the country has certainly improved the physical access and market access for
the tourists in the country. This has improved the connectivity amongst the individual states in
the country including that of Hong Kong with other states of the country. Thus, improved

32
TOURISM THEORY
physical and market access have attracted the tourists from all across the globe to the naturally
scenic region of Hong Kong, China. In addition the itinerary models have also played their part
in attracting tourists from different parts of the globe.

33
TOURISM THEORY
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34
TOURISM THEORY
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TOURISM THEORY
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