Sustainable Tourism Practices and Management

The provided assignment focuses on the concept of sustainable tourism and its importance in managing tourist destinations effectively. It discusses the need to protect certain places from exploitation caused by travelers and emphasizes the role of governments in incorporating sustainable tourism practices into their economies. The document references various studies and research papers that highlight the benefits of sustainable tourism, including improved quality of life for community residents and enhanced disaster risk reduction. It also covers management techniques such as transition management and stakeholder involvement in implementing sustainable tourism scenarios.

Running head: TOURISM
TOURISM
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Executive Summary
The report follows a structured format whereby the different aspects related to the Tourism
sector have been discussed extensively. The report is divided into four different parts. The first
part discusses the concepts like the current development and historical development of Tourism.
The second part discusses the different concepts like Tourism Behavior, Motivation and the
factors related. Furthermore, the 6A framework along with the different organizations in UK
have also been discussed.

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
The Historical Development of Tourism.........................................................................................3
Travel Trends...............................................................................................................................5
Types of Tourism.........................................................................................................................5
Reasons to visit................................................................................................................................6
Tourism Demand.........................................................................................................................6
Push Pull Factors.........................................................................................................................7
Factors influencing tourist motivation.........................................................................................8
Tourism Behavior........................................................................................................................8
An investigation of the elements that should be considered when developing a new destination. .9
Key organizations..........................................................................................................................11
Private organizations.................................................................................................................11
Public sector organizations:.......................................................................................................11
Voluntary sector organizations:.................................................................................................12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
Recommendations..........................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................14

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Introduction
Tourism is considered to be an activity which is undertaken by different individuals in
order to escape for their routine life. Tourism has grown successfully and with the advent of
globalization and hence, there are various aspects associated with it. The given report will be
following a structured format whereby the different aspects related to tourism will be discussed
effectively (Becken and Hughey 2013). The report is divided into four sections whereby the first
section will be discussing the historical development of Tourism, the current developments and
the types of tourism will be discussed. The second section will be discussing the concepts related
to tourism like behavior and motivation, the third section will be discussing the 6A frame
analysis and the last section will discuss different organizations in UK n the given industry.
The Historical Development of Tourism
The human beings have evolved greatly. The transportation and technology has evolved
greatly and this has made people evolve from their original destination and the quest to travel to
new destinations has always been present. The five conditions which have become necessary for
the travel and tourism are as follows:
 The modes of accommodations and transport must be available adequately.
 The destinations must be interesting and accessible
 Travel must also consider time
 It must have the needs
 The safety aspects also needs to be considered effectively.
Early tourism
The early tourism meant than searching for the different individuals travelled from one
place to the other in search of food. Tourism originally meant studying learning (Kim, Uysal and
Sirgy 2013). The major forms of travel during the given time period was due to the trading
aspects and the education aspects. The Romans were the primary travelers who travelled from
one place to another and were largely responsible to spread trade all around the globe.

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Pilgrimage is a journey which is taken by individuals for religious purposes. It becomes
extremely important for the travelers to have faith and to ensure that the journey is spent well.
The Pilgrimage travel is one of the most crucial travels around the globe even today.
Medieval Period
Travel declined considerably in the medieval period. Travel deemed to become
dangerous during this time. The roads became highly dangerous.
Renaissance and Elizabeth Era
The renaissance and Elizabeth era marked the beginning of the travel period again. Trade
routes begin to be taken up as a serious medium of travel and the commercial activities taking
place around the globe have risen to prosperity with respect to this.
The grand tour era
The grand tour era begin to mark the beginning of the luxurious travel which took place.
This way travelling became a sign of status symbol (Logar 2014). People who had extra money,
started travelling for luxurious symbol.
Travelling for Health
People often travelled in order to get treated for any given disease. Very often travel was
also associated with spas, health mineral waters and others.
Industrial Revolution
The economy of England changed considerably from this and the technological
inventions made travelling very easy. During the given area:
 Millennials
 Factories emerged
 Better transportation growth of the iron industry
 Even the lower class men were able to able to travel

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People generally travel from one place to another so that they can let go of the
responsibilities of the workplace and enable effective thought and positive thinking.
Travel Trends
The tourism industry is one of the most popular industries in the globe. The following
trends have been observe
Millennials
The given group has started travelling extensively and are a major target market for the
different companies.
Active and Adventure Trips
There has been a major increase in the adventure and active tourism. The tourism
activities like the safaris, hiking and cycling have increased considerably (Lee 2013).
Female Solo Travel
A majority of the travel decisions are made by women. Travelers are bold today and
looking out for raw experiences.
Food tourism
When it comes to food, tourism has become a popular aspect in that sense as well.
Responsible Tourism
Global campaigns to promote sustainable forms of travel and industry have become
increasingly popular. They are largely considered about the environment and ecological impacts.
Mobile Photography
Mobile photography has become a latest trend in the given domain. Everyone likes to
take photographs that too on their mobile phones (Buhalis and Crotts 2013).
Types of Tourism
1. Mass tourism

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It can be described as a type of tourism which is mainly concerned with the tourism
which involved over ten thousands of people going to the same resort at a particular time of the
year. The given tourism is one of the cheapest modes of tourism and is often known as a package
deal. The travel agency forms a package and offers at lowered prices to the different customers.
An example of this is Thomas Cook (Deery, Jago and Fredline 2012). Everything from travel,
flights, activities and food is covered by the company. This is opposed to ecological tourism.
2. Special Interest Tourism
Special interest tourism is a type of tourism which caters to the needs of specific tourism
whereby the needs of a particular group are met with (Waligo, Clarke and Hawkins 2013). In the
given scenario, the tourism needs to satisfy a particular need and there are four main experiences
such as follows:
Rewarding
Enriching
Adventuresome Experiences
Learning Experiences.
Reasons to visit
Tourism Demand
Tourism demand has various definitions. The way in which it can be described depends
on various facets like psychological, geographical and economical as well (Gössling 2015). The
geographic perspective tends to determine tourism as the total number of people like to travel or
make use of tourist facilities in order to get away from their place of residence. The demand of
the tourism is completely in the hands of the individual and the official proclamations made by
them. There exists to types of demand curves with respect to tourism. These are variables like
price and quantity (Medlik 2016). There tends to exist an economic demand schedule in this
aspect and secondly there is an inverse demand curve which is based on the concept that the
demand for tourism drops when the price tends to increase and it’s the same way around.

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The following predictions have been made for the same:
 Market specialization will increase considerably
 Packaged holidays will be made to become customized so that greater freedom is
achieved
 The demand for tourism will increase considerably.
Figure 1: The Tourism Demand (Source: Hall, Timothy and Duval 2012).
Push Pull Factors
The push/pull model is accepted by different researchers with respect to the tourism
industry. According to Page (2014), the push factors can be defined as the internal motives
which tends to cause the different tourists to indulge in activities to reduce their respective needs.
On the other hand, the pull factors can be said to the generated forces and knowledge which the

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tourists had about a destination (Sharpley 2014). The push factors relate to the intrinsic
motivators like the desire for rest and relaxation. It can also be defined as fitness and health
along with social interaction. He pull factors emerge because a destination is interactive.
Moreover the push factor is important to cater to the desire to travel and the second suits the
explanation of the choice of destination adopted.
Tourist Motivation
The mobility in today`s society has increased considerably and hence, in dire situations
an individual tends to become obsesses with the idea and looks out for an opportunity to escape
to week long trips and destinations so as to ensure they have time for relaxation. According to
Gössling et al. (2012) tourism motivation involves deep questions involved about the primary
reason why people travel. However, the identification of relationship between the reason why
people travel and why a destination is chosen is difficult to decide. There are different
motivations for the tourists identified as follows:
 Escape- When an individual wants to get rid of the daily chores of lie.
 Broadening the mind- When the individual tends to travel to gain more knowledge.
 Happiness- Travelling to attain happiness
 Freedom- Travelling to attain the freedom from burdens and responsibilities.
 Social integration- In order to carry out an obligation.
 Self-realization to find out one’s own self (Munar and Jacobsen 2014).
Factors influencing tourist motivation
1. Intrinsic factors
These are the factors which come in from the individuals. These factors comprise of
factors like the perception of the tourists, their attitude, the values and the beliefs which they live
by and the personality of the traveler (Cernat and Gourdon 2012).
2. Extrinsic Factors
On the other hand, the extrinsic factors are factors like the place of origin, family and
age, the social class one belongs to, the market conditions and other factors.

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Tourism Behavior
Tourism behavior can be defined as the influences and factors which tend to give shape
to the tastes of the tourism and the activities which deeply tend to have an influence on the
individual. According to Moutinho and Vargas-Sanchez (2018), the concept of tourism behavior
has been researched for long and there have been many factors having an impact on the decision
making of the individuals. These are the social influences and the personal traits. The social
influences tend to be the factors like reference group, social class and family influence. On the
other hand the personal traits are attitudes, motivation and perceptions.
An investigation of the elements that should be considered when developing a new
destination
In The different tourist destinations can only succeed extensively if the given travelers or
the tourists tend to have a large variety of choice with respect to the things they would like to do,
places they would like to stay in and the different things which they would like to indulge in.
Hence, any successful tourist destination needs to have 6 essential A`s or attributes which
determines the correct balance and predicts the future success of the particular tourists
destination.
The given A’s are as follows:
 Accommodation
 Accessibility
 Activities
 Attractions
 Amenities
 Ancillary service.
Accommodation:
When an individual generally plans to travel to a particular destination, they plan to stay
there for a given time frame. For this reason, it is necessary that any tourist destination has

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sufficient accommodations facilities (Cater 2012). The accommodation facilities may comprise
of hotels, hostels, resorts and other villas where the different customers can stay comfortable. All
of these can be according to different standards and may suit the need of an individual as per his
choice and economic position.
Accessibility:
Any destination cannot function well unless there are means to reach out to the given
place. These may include means like airline, bus or port (Gössling 2015). If no proper
accessibility options are available, it may lead to an obstacle and the investment into the tourism
development of the place may go into vain.
Activities
The activities can be described as the processes or enjoyment ventures through which an
individual or a person who has been travelling will be able to easily ensure that they engage in
some serious and creative activity (Buhalis and Crotts 2013). Thus, a good tourist destination
should have adequate means to ensure that there are considerable activities in the given place so
that they are able to pass their time in a proper manner.
Amenities
The amenities can be largely described as the service which is being given to the different
tourists who are vising the chosen destination (Hunter 2012). The different hosts in the tourist
destination need to ensure that adequate amenities are being provided to the different customers
so that they are able to have a good experience. This good experience is an aspect which will be
able to ensure that the tourist destination is successful in its activities or not.
Attractions
The attractions can be described as the places which are present in the given the given tourist
destination and tends to ensure that the place is attractive (Buhalis and Costa 2016). These
attractions may be in the form of National Parks, Malls, Amusement Parks, historical Places and
others.
Ancillary Service

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The Ancillary Services refer to the marketing development and the coordinating activities
in the given tourist destinations present.
Hence, these places who are a tourist destination need to ensure that they comprise of all
the essentials A`s in order to be successful in the long run.
Key organizations
The United Kingdom Tourism Sector has been growing considerably with a large
population visiting the country every year. The given organizations are involved in the United
Kingdom:
Private organizations
The travel and tourism businesses belonging to the private sector are large in number. They work
with the objective of the private organizations is to earn profits. The tourism sector is highly
popular and employs around 10% of the crowd. Some of the Private sector organizations are as
follows:
 London Eye
 Thomas Cook
 Holiday inn
 British Airways
 Virgin Trains
 Alton Towers
Public sector organizations:
The different public sector organizations are the firms which are largely governed by the
national and local government bodies. They function with the aim to inform, educate and to
provide a safe and exceptional service to the different customers. The Department of culture,
media and sports is also involved in this segment. Some of the Public sector organizations in the
United Kingdoms are as follows:

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HM Treasury
Department of Business, Innovations and Skills
Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Department of energy and climate
Museums
Visitor information Centers
National gallery (Bramwell and Lane 2012).
Regional development organizations
Voluntary sector organizations:
The voluntary sectors which are the companies involved with respect to the tourism and
other related industries are generally trusts and charities. These organizations are mainly funded
by the members, entrance fees to the attractions donations and fundraisers. The primary aim of
the voluntary sector organizations are to preserve, promote and protect the cause. It comprises of
a combination of different paid and non-paid workers (Getz and Timur 2012). Some of the
examples of the Voluntary sector organizations in The United Kingdom is as follows:
1.) Tourism concern
2.) The Sealed knot
3.) The National trust
4.) Friends of Williamson's
Conclusion
Therefore, from the given analysis it can be stated that tourism forms an essential part of
any country and it is one of the most crucial sectors involved in any country. The given report
discussed the various essentials of tourism. It was observed that tourism is an ancient concept

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and has evolved over the time frame so as to become what it is today. The tourism behavior and
the tourism motivation have also been discussed extensively. Lastly, the six frame analysis
framework has been analyzed along with the essential organizations present in the United
Kingdom Tourism Sector.
Recommendations
There has been a growing trend with respect to the sustainable tourism aspect. Tourism
has been prevalent since a long period of time and the tourists often tend to exploit a place in lieu
of visiting it. The resources which are limited in nature are destroyed for the purpose of
entertainment and this tends to have an adverse effect on the prosperity of a place. Hence, the
concept of Sustainable Tourism needs to be practices extensively which tends to protect certain
places form the exploitation caused to it by the different travelers. If countries are able to
incorporate the concept of sustainable tourism well into the economy, than the society can
benefit effectively.

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References
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enhance disaster risk reduction. Tourism Management, 36, pp.77-85.
Bramwell, B. and Lane, B., 2012. Towards innovation in sustainable tourism research?.
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tools. Routledge.
Buhalis, D. and Crotts, J., 2013. Global alliances in tourism and hospitality management.
Routledge.
Cater, E., 2012 Ecotourism in the third world: Problems for sustainable tourism
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Cernat, L. and Gourdon, J., 2012. Paths to success: Benchmarking cross-country sustainable
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Hunter, C., 2012. Aspects of the sustainable tourism debate from a natural resources
perspective. Sustainable tourism. A global perspective, pp.3-23.

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