The Impact of Sustainable Tourism on Local Communities

This assignment is about sustainable tourism development, with a case study on Mold Wales. The article highlights the importance of managing and marketing tourist destinations to gain a competitive edge.

Tourist Destination
1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1: Analyzing the main tourist destinations of the world: UK and Italy....................................3
1.2: Analyzing statistics to determine tourist destination trends and predicting future trends....7
TASK 2 .........................................................................................................................................10
2.1: Analyzing cultural, social and physical features of the destinations..................................10
2.2: Comparing features of tourist destination in developing and leading tourist destinations 11
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................12
3.1: Comparing the appeal of current leading tourist destination with currently developing
tourist destinations.....................................................................................................................12
3.2: Evaluating characteristic of how tourist destination affect its appeal................................13
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................14
4.1: Analyzing issues affecting popularity of tourist destinations.............................................14
4.2: Potential issues responsible for tourism to enhance the host community at the worldwide
tourist destination.......................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16
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Illustration Index
Illustration 1: Record number of visitors spent 100 Million Pounds...............................................9
Illustration 2: Number of overseas visitors to the UK...................................................................10
Illustration 3: Statistics of visitors in Italy.....................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
Tourist destination are of core importance as is referred to as a place of interest of the
visitors. In travel and tourism sector, the organizations are selected by the customers on the basis
of destination providers as a key factor in selecting the best tourist operators (Cooper, 2012). The
places of interest are identified on several grounds such as natural or cultural value, historical
importance, built beauty, entertainment, adventure or amusement. Present assignment is prepared
to explore the tourist destinations and the related statistics by selecting two countries namely UK
and Italy. Various attributes such as social, cultural or physical features of locations are
compared for enhancing visitor's appealing. Thomas Cook which is the largest tourist operator of
UK has been researched on assessing its product development department. Lastly, issues
affecting popularity of the tourist destination are analysed and potential of responsible tourism to
enhance host community have been explored.
TASK 1
1.1: Analyzing the main tourist destinations of the world: UK and Italy
The following two destinations have been used to analyze the main tourists attraction as
follows:
UK
Tourist destination is a place where the visitors like to visit at the most because of the
major attraction sources. UK is regarded as a tourist generator nation and is the world's eighth
biggest destination for visitors. According to VisitBritain, UK's most spending of tourist remains
in the hands of domestic tourism (Murillo, 2014). Tourists are attracted in Great Britain as it is
inclusive of various castles, zoos, gardens, theme parks, royal palaces, art gallerias in its major
four cities, London, Wales, Scotland and England. Following table is an illustration of some
main tourist attraction of UK with number and kind of visitors, cash generation and what makes
them such attractive place below:
Italy
S.n Main tourist- Number of visitors What made Amount of cash Kind of
4

o. attractions
2013 2012
them
attractive
generated visitors
1. The Library of
Birmingham
2.4 million 2 million Art gallary £4.00 £4.00 Architect
lovers
2. Somerset House 2.4
millionn
2 million 80
photography
of the beards
8.50
pounds
8.50
pounds
Fashion
designers
3. Tower of London 3 million 2.5 million It was filled
with 888246
ceramic
poppies
18.40
Pounds
18.40
Pounds
Artists and
anyone.
4. V&A 3.1 million 3.2 million Focus on
luxury and
exploration
of luxury
life
£4.00 £4.00 Any
visitior
5. Science Museum 3.3 million 3.3 million Gallary
dedicated to
mathematics
5 pound 5 pound Researche
rs,
students
and
academici
ans
6. Natural History
Museum
5 million 6 million Museum 5 pound 5 pound Any
visitor
5

7. Tate Modern 5 million 4.5 million Huge
museum
free free Exhibitors
8. Southbank
Centre
6 million 6 million Festival of
Britain
1.75
pound
1.75
pound
Culture
lovers
9. The National
Gallery
6.4 million 4.5 million 2300
paintings
gallery
Free Free Artists
10. The British
Museum
6 million 4.5 million Collection
of 8 million
objects and
Mummies
and Elgin
marbles
£14 £14 Artists
and
anyone
(10 Top Tourist Attractions in England. 2014)
Italy:
Tourism at Italy is one of the fastest developing and most profitable sector. It is the fifth
most visited nation of the world. Every year approximately, 47 million visitors came to Italy. The
major cities are inclusive of Rome, Milan, Pisa, Bologna etc and are attractive because of its rich
art, beauteous beaches and coastlines, history, fashion and culture (Brown and Cave, 2010). Italy
is identified as richest in World's Heritage Sites in the world.
Italy
S.no
.
Main tourist-
attractions
Number of visitors What made
them
Amount of cash Kind of
6

2013 2012 attractive generated visitors
1. Collosseum 4 million 3.9 million Ancient
Monuments
£ 12.00
£7.00
£2.00
£12.00
£7.00
£2.00
Those who
have keen
interest in
history
and past
facts.
2. St. Peter's
Basilica Voting
250
visitors/
day
200
visitors/da
y
Architect of
the church
Free Free Those who
possess
interest in
architectur
e.
3. Grand Canal
Venice
4 million 4 million Its reverse S
shape canal.
Free Free Nature
lovers
4. Leaning Tower
of Pisa
Millions
of tourists
Millions
of tourists
Its
unintended
tilt to one
side.
£15.00 £15.00 Lovers of
remarkabl
e
architectur
e and
local.
5. Florence
Cathedral
4 million 4.2 million It is largest
brick dome
ever
constructed.
Free Free Holy
catholic
people
6. Vatican Museum 4.2 million 3.9 million Classical
sculptures
£16.00 £16.00 Anyone
and art
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and
masterpieces
of
Renaissance
art
£8.00
£4.00
£8.00
£4.00
lovers
7. Milan Cathedral 1.2 million 1 million 5th largest
church in
the world
Free Free Any
visitor and
catholic
people
8. Teatro Alla
Scala Milan
25000/day 20000/day Finest
singers
around the
world
£8.00 £8.00 Artists
9. Sistine Chapel
Apostolic Palace
3.9 million 3.9 million Official
residence of
the Pope
£ 70 £ 70 Anyone
10. Pantheon Pata
Rotend Rome
4.2 million 4 million Roman
temple
Free Free Religious
and
anyone
(Law, 2015)
1.2: Analyzing statistics to determine tourist destination trends and predicting future trends
Tourism trends is of core significance as it helps to analyze the behavior and perception
of visitors to visit the place (Greaves and Skinner, 2010). The analysis of statistics of UK and
Italy as the two major tourist destinations are analyzed below as follows:
UK tourism trend analysis:
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The tourism in UK is growing at a very fast rate and as per the statistics, most of its tourists
came from The United States of America. They spend about £2.1bn in 2010. there are various
sectors which are part of the tourism industry in UK (Heeley, 2015). It covers the airline
industry, lodging companies, travel organizations, motor coach workers and cruise lines. The
European tourism has faced an issues such as recession, economy instability, political unrest etc.
This has affected its tourism business as well.
As per the graph which is a representation of UK residents visit till 2008. The graph
shows that both visiting and spending have shown an upward trend but both fell more than 20%
in 2009.
9
Illustration 1: Record number of visitors spent 100 Million Pounds
(Source: Mail Online. 2015.)

The above graph shows that the spending (£6.5 billion in absolute terms) associated with
these visits was 10.3% higher than the previous year. Visitors who came to the UK for the
purpose of the Olympics spent an average of £1,553 on the visit (including any tickets bought in
advance or during the visit), which is more than double the average spend among all visitors
(£731) (Jung, Ineson and Miller, 2014). Spending associated with overnight visits to London
increased by 11% from £2.8 billion to £3.2 billion, and again the purchase of Olympics and
Paralympics tickets will have accounted for part of this increase. The number of visits abroad by
UK residents fell slightly (down 0.2% compared with a year ago) to 19.2 million.
Italy tourism trend analysis:
10
Illustration 2: Number of overseas visitors to the UK
(Source: Office for National Statistics. 2013)

From the above graph showing the statistics for the visitors at Italy at its famous places
such as Italian museums, archaeological sites and art galleries has increased in recent years,
rising from 30.4 million in 2003 to 38.2 million in 2013 (Italy24. 2015). In 2012 the visitors
dropped to about 37.1 million. Monuments and archaeological areas are attracted by the largest
number of people (more than 19 million in 2013) (Leask and Rihova, 2010). Very positive was
also the execution of 38 museum circuits active in Italy in 2013. Paying visitors in 2013 were
17.6 million analyzed to 16.8 million in 2012. Overall, non-paying visitors were 8.7 million. The
number of people who had access to one of the 208 sites with no entry fee was very high, too. In
2013 they reached 12 million (11.5 million in 2012) (Italy24. 2015).
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Illustration 3: Statistics of visitors in Italy
(Source: Italy24. 2015)

TASK 2
2.1: Analyzing cultural, social and physical features of the destinations
The UK is regarded as a land of museums and there exist various destinations known for
culture, religions, politics, amusement etc. Various destinations have been evaluated on the
following grounds as follows: Cultural
Culture of UK: Visitors to UK came for enjoying the rich culture of UK. There are various such
places such as churches, monuments, man made buildings etc which are mostly attracted (Office
for National Statistics. 2013). Different food patterns and entertainment events are identified in
stated destinations of UK. Including the four major cities of UK namely, England, Wales,
Scotland and London, rich cultural resources exist here which is the major source of tourist
attraction (Durmaz, Platt and Yigitcanlar, 2010). Majorly, in cultural respect, The museums of
UK are the most appealing destination where the ample of customers came throughout the world.
Culture of Spain : The visitors came to Spain to enjoy Spanish culture which is widely known for
Flamenco music and dance, bullfights, fantastic beaches and lots of sunshine. The people infuse
full efforts in providing an extraordinary artistic heritage and architectural ranges. Some famous
places where the tourist visit the most are Balearic Islands to the Roman ruins of Merida and
Tarragona, the decorative Lonja in Seville, Mudéjar buildings, Gothic cathedrals, castles,
fantastic modernist monuments and Gaudí's intricate fabulous sculptures in Barcelona (Jackson
and Harssel, 2014). Social
Social feature at UK: The term social refers to inclusive of national, local or social group
destinations. In UK, this factor plays direct role in attracting and appealing visitors. They work
altogether to provide an environment to satisfy the visitors coming from abroad to visit the place.
The attitude and behavior of the localities of UK highly play role in appealing customers.
Social feature at Spain: Social life is very vital at Spain. They interaction with the people in
informal manner, physical contacts, greetings, embraces are very common. Shopping is very
popular for both local and tourist people. The nightlife at Spain is legendary. Several bars and
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discotheques are available for whole night. The hospitality sector in this nation is considered as
most vibrant sector. Physical
Physical feature at UK: There are some of the visitors who are in the category of natural lovers.
The reason for their visit to the UK is the scenario and beauty of the physical locations. Physical
features are inclusive of famous landscape, lakes, coastlines, mountains, hills, flora and fauna,
sand dunes etc (Martin and Woodside, 2011). which are highly contributory in making tourist
appealing for the UK destinations. Tourists coming from cross boundaries generally looks for
developing the special appeal in the mid of UK people who welcome them (Mail Online. 2015).
Therefore, in UK places, which have rich physical and rich physical resources possess great
appeal in making tourist attract.
Physical feature at Spain: This country is the second highest and most mountainous nation in the
world. The factors such as region and type of travel experience defines the time of traveling for
tourists (Pechlaner and et.al., 2012). To plan holidays at beaches of Spain, June to August is the
best time. These are the busiest months for tourism along the coast and on the Spanish islands.
Those are among high prices and the most crowded place.
2.2: Comparing features of tourist destination in developing and leading tourist destinations
Tourism is the most vital part pf income generation for UK which is facilitated by the
attributes of the physical destinations. They are significant as they play role in attracting and
appealing people to their nation (Pearce and Schott, 2010). Various physical, social or cultural
factors are responsible for making the consumer preference for making a visit successful. Other
factors such as infrastructure, transportation etc also makes people attract for the place (Fraga,
2014). Moreover, festivals, religions, lifestyle, programs, events etc also plays major role in
appealing towards destination in developed countries of the world. UK has been taken as a
developing destination and Costa Rich as a developing destination for providing a comparison
of the features in following table as follows:
Comparison of developing and leading tourist destinations
Leading destination: UK Developing destination: Costa Rich
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UK is the famous destination of Europe which
comes in one of the top ten attraction location
of the world. It is identified with the rich and
famous museums that forms the most
appealing structures for the tourists.
Costa Rich as a developing location of the
worlds is known for good economic growth. It
is identified for its rich history, culture,
heritage and beautiful geographical areas.
It covers total area of 243640 square
kilometers with 63.23 million of population.
UK is covered by Atlantic Ocean, North Sea,
Irish Sea and English Channel (Correia, Kozak
and Ferradeira, 2011).
It is located in Central America which covers
about 51100 square kilometers of area with the
population of 4.805 million. Nicaragua has
surrounded the Costa Rich to the North
Panama to the SE, Caribbean Sea to the East
and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
UK is ranked at 8th number in respect of
tourism in the world.
It is famous for Eco-tourism and is top Medical
Tourist location for Americans.
As per statistics, near about 29 million visitors
spend $36 billion in 2012.
As per statistics, about 2 million visitors
contributes as 12.5% GDP of America.
TASK 3
3.1: Comparing the appeal of current leading tourist destination with currently developing tourist
destinations
The comparison of the appealing of visitors of current leading tourist destination that is
UK and developing location as Costa Rich has been made.
Comparison of appealing of visitors of tourists destinations
UK appealing facts Costa Rich appealing facts
 Travel and tourism sector of UK has
shown a tremendous growth.
 However, there were various such facts
 The business of tourism at Costa Rich is
inclusive of all areas such as hotels,
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that have affected the tourism
negatively.
 Since, the nation has made effective
promotion campaign at both domestic
and international level, but being not a
part of Schengen agreement, visa
process of this country has faced several
challenges.
 For an example, increase in VAT from
17.5% to 20% discourages tourism
(Guthrie and Anderson, 2010). This
made their traveling expensive and
therefore tourism affected.
 The disaster with the Euro is also
contributory reason for worldwide effect
in this sector inclusive UK.
 This is the financial recession which has
made the tour operators to face the less
number of customers and thus affected
by the remunerations and growth
capabilities.
airlines, transport, food industry etc.
 This group work as a whole to provide
the best of services to the visitors who
came from across borders.
 Various innovative and new methods are
infused by them for providing the best of
visiting experience to the customer.
 This is a region where all the businesses
connected with each other in an order to
enrich the travels and tourism sector.
 However, the trends shows that the local
citizens of the Costa Rich only spent
101.000 colones as a part of their own
region visiting.
 Moreover, the perception carries by the
Costa Richans are that more than 90% of
native citizens are more benefited with
the sightseeing attributes (Jackson and
Harssel, 2014).
 The benefit of the foreign exchange
supplies helps to boost the government
revenues, employments and
improvement in the infrastructure of the
Costa Rich.
3.2: Evaluating characteristic of how tourist destination affect its appeal
The characteristic that shows the tourist attracting destinations affect the appealing has
been evaluated. Attributes will express the ways that are responsible in the hands of tourist
destinations appealing the visitors.
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Evaluation of characteristic of a UK as a tourist destination
 Various benefits can be attained from the tourism. It is inclusive of economic or social
advantages. There are possibilities that may lead to the negative outcomes as well.
 There is an argument based on the subject that weather the role of tourism and its impact
in the nation is beneficial or harmful for the environment (Baggio, Mottironi and
Corigliano, 2011). However, it is generating income for the nation but are affecting the
ecology and surrounding of the nation in many ways.
 The characteristic of tourism that it generates good job opportunities for the citizens are
well identified. Various sectors inclusive of hospitality, transportation, infrastructure,
retail etc are major sources of income generation.
 In contrary to same, although, they are source of income and job opportunities but are
temporary not permanent.
 There is a probability that the tourism affects the life of various local citizens of the
nations as well (Pechlaner and et.al., 2012). Activities such as traffic, pollution, harm to
wildlife, littering etc have adverse affect in the life of the ample of people.
 The characteristic of tourism is that it made exposure of various resources such as
locations, sites and wildlife with the visitors from all around the world. However, there
are events when the same visitors creates a negative impression by harming the location
and area for entertainment purpose.
 There are visitors who came from far off international borders to develop them into
buildings and areas for serving their business purpose.
 There are some of the tourists who came to the nation and knowingly or unknowingly
share the unwanted diseases in the home country.
 London has a presence of well defined infrastructure which includes the presence of
underground networks as well as well constructed buses.
 Weather in London is also favorable to make the visitors enjoy good times. The language used is English which does not make the visitors suffer from any issue.
Evaluation of characteristic of a Spain as a tourist destination
 Every year in Spain, millions of tourists came to this holiday destination. Beautiful
beaches, resorts, city destinations and cultural activities are major attractions.
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 Spain is the best place for one who is intended for adventurous visit and passionate about
arts and architecture.
 This nation is characterized by tapa, sangria, great wine, top class cuisine, beautiful
scenery and superb beaches.
 Various historic places such as Alhambra Palace, the prado and fascinating cities such
as San Sebastian, Madrid, Barcelona, Malaga,Pamplona, Toledo and Granada are widely
known for top holiday places in Spain.
 It is the best tourist destination for families which provides relaxing holiday at beach to
more excited outdoor activity.
 Spain is flooded with natural beauty in terms of forests, beaches and waterfalls.
TASK 4
4.1: Analyzing issues affecting popularity of tourist destinations
Issues affecting popularity of tourist destinations in UK
The issues affecting the popularity of the tourist destinations in UK have been analyzed.
With the ample of dissimilar features, there is impact in the economy of the nation. Beside other
factors, there are some more reasons that influences the tourism altogether. Financial system is
the most vital form of economic contributory element. The reflection of ample of people who
visit across borders is a sign of their lifestyle, richness and livelihood. It shows their power to
invest in other nation UK or Costa Rich as well (Carlo, 2015). The strong financial families takes
into account the aspect of journey as for their leisure and is concerned with the sound economic
condition. However, there are times when the negative trends affect the dreadful situation and
affect the tourism in many ways. There is happening of event such as natural disaster, fire etc
which may cause harm of live and money of the number of families or visitor who came to visit
the destination. For an example, a London attack of terrorist on 7th July 2015, made lot of visitor
who came from abroad to visit UK and had lost their lives (Kavin, 2010). Similarly, there are
more such events that got affected with the natural calamities such as hurricanes, earthquakes,
floods etc and have affected by lost negatively.
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Issues affecting popularity of tourist destinations in Spain
The issues affecting the popularity of the tourist destinations in Spain have been
analyzed. There are ample of tourists who visit the nation for fun and to spend holiday with
families and friends. But, there are also associated some issues that affect the popularity of the
place to be called as a tourists destination (Correia, Kozak and Ferradeira, 2011). Spain has been
dubbed as one of the hazardous place for people coming another nation in terms of sickness and
injury. In summer season, the fun at sunshine and around swimming pools leads to people fall ill.
4.2: Potential issues responsible for tourism to enhance the host community at the worldwide
tourist destination
Potential issues in UK
There are various potential issues which are responsible for tourism to enhance the host
community at the worldwide destination. Responsible tourism are defined in broad perspective
as the one who are involved in reducing the harmful financial, communal and ecological effects.
They are the one who produces more economic advantages for both local and social communities
by accessing towards the business (Heeley, 2011). They play role of engaging the local people of
nation in creating accepted and civilized inheritance.
The major objective considered to involve sightseeing individuals with the World
Heritage activities need to put attributes of UK with the Costa Rich which is also an isolated
region. There is suggestion for destination such as Costa Rich to focus on areas for developing
tourism (Kozak and Bagloglu, 2011). These attributes are inclusive of developing well planned
and beautiful resort townships, good welcome, natural attractiveness and a variety of things
which are attractive in those destinations.
As a part of tourism sector, the major function of every nation lies in understanding the
fact that generation of income and profits are the major need. There are various tour operators
who functions competently with each other in an order to contribute for the economy of their
nation. They act as a major responsibility to provide facilities more better with each other in an
order to enrich number of customers for their nation. Every country is responsible to lay down
tourism objectives as a part of their economy's function (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully, 2013).
This made all the organizations working to develop in the way for growth. Various destinations
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are the integral and beautiful part of the whole Earth. However, it depends on the individual
country responsibilities to plans and lay policy framework for its site seeing places and locations.
It is also inclusive of providing the security and protection to both the local and visiting citizens
as well to enrich in most respective manner. As all the factors such as social, economic, physical
features of the destinations are taken into account, it is important to consider them all in terms of
aesthetic values. This is made with the help of co-operation and coordination of all the citizens to
work as a contribution to enhance the growth (Pastor, 2014). The aspect of joint initiative should
be the responsibility of every citizen to create and generate better prospective of growth in the
tourism industry.
There is further a presence of terrorism issue that may aid to vows for tourism industry of
London. Other than that, London government is also required to work on pollution by making
the norms related to it very strict. It can ensure that hotels adhere with water recycling policy and
conserve water as well as electricity.
Potential issues in Spain
The visitors and tourists who visit to Spain generally needs to privileged with all kind of
facilities. It is inclusive of high demand for environment and food. Since, they came from
another nation, it is essential to have good and clear signage, proper notice boards,appropriate
maps and internet campus all around. Spain has tried to full to provide services and facilities to
all the visits from worldwide. However, there are also various loopholes which affect the tourism
of Spain (Carlo, 2015). Therefore, efforts are made in continuous basis to improve and enhances
the facilities for the visitors coming from abroad.
CONCLUSION
In the present report, various things has been concluded. UK was analyzed along with
inflow of tourist in different cities in UK. London has been identified as the major source of
tourist inflow for UK due to its heritage and cultural significance. Various factors such as social,
cultural or physical features has been analyzed and it was found out that these factors in
developed tourist destination such as UK are much supporting in comparison to the developing
nations. Moreover, appeal for tourist destination in was analyzed and factors affecting appeal of
tourist destination were evaluated. Issues affecting tourism such as economic, political and social
19

factors. Also role of tourism industry in United Kingdom to promote responsible tourism
activities were understood.
20

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