Analyzing Tourism Management and Destination Research

This assignment involves analyzing various research papers on tourism management and destination research. It includes a list of references from journals such as Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, and more. The references cover topics like destination branding, culinary brand equity, the impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals, and social networks for choosing tourist destinations.

Tourist Destination

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Popular tourist destination and their income generation.......................................................1
1.2 Prediction of future trends.....................................................................................................3
2.1 Analyse cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations explaining their
appeal to tourist...........................................................................................................................5
2.2 Compare features of leading and developing tourist destination..........................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Compare the appeal of current leading tourist destinations with that of currently...............8
developing tourist destination....................................................................................................8
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal..................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................1
4.1 Issues that affect popularity of tourist destinations...............................................................1
4.2 Potential responsible tourism to enhance world wide...........................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION
Tourism sector has seen remarkable growth in last 4-5 decades. The reason behind the
success of this industry is improvement in the mode of transportation and advancement in the
technology (Ahmad, 2013). Europe is considered as one of the best place to visit because of its
rich heritage and quality life. Their was a time when people only like to travel at religious places,
they were not interested in watching nature's beauty and mesmerising monuments. Travellers
visit tourist destination for recreational activities. They feel relaxed and energetic after visiting
popular locations. People living in developed nations like UK and USA want to explore new
regions like India, Spain etc. Most of the countries want to promote their famous tourist
destinations because it help them in earning huge amount of money. TripAdvisor is a successful
company of travel and tourism sector, they are running their business across the globe and
provide services like hotel stay. Virgin holidays is a company in Virgin group. They Are
considered as one of the largest tour operator in UK. This report discuss about main tourist
places and the income which they are generating through various modes. Prediction of future
trends will also become part of this project. Culture of different will be included under this file.
Characteristics of some tourist destination will get discuss under this assignment.
TASK 1
1.1 Popular tourist destination and their income generation
Most of the countries started giving more importance to tourism sector after the recession
of 2009. This sector is has generated significant number of jobs in last decade and various nation
are earning high amount of revenue from this industry. Their are basically two types of tourists,
one is domestic and other is international. According to the figures of UNESCO this tourism
economy is growing to touch 200 billion GBP before 2020.
Issues France UK China Spain USA
Contribution
in economy
In Europe, this
country is
considered as
the favourite
nation by most
United
kingdom is
growing
through a
rough phase,
Their was a
time when this
country did
not give much
preference to
Spain is has
emerged as the
most
successful
player in
This sector has
3%
contribution
on the total
economy, this

of the
travellers.
People from
various part of
this world visit
France, most
of the high
income group
people like to
spend their
holidays in
this country.
Their
economy get
huge support
from tourism
sector and
government of
this nation is
also spending
high amount
for promoting
their top
locations.
Brexit and
global
economic
slowdown
bought severe
challenges for
this country.
This industry
has 3.5 %
contribution in
national
salary. In UK,
tourism sector
stand around £
61.9 billion.
They are
growing with
a 5% which is
decent rate of
development.
UK has done
remarkable
work in
promoting
night tourism ,
most of the
domestic
visitors like to
visit famous
places in night
because or
tourism sector
but after 1990
they started
focusing on
this sector.
This industry
was
committed
contribute ¥
1620 billion.
This mean that
they have a
share of
around 2.6%
in the national
wages. This is
a huge figure
because China
has highest
population in
this world.
tourism sector.
This country
has done
aggressive
promotion and
tourism
industry has a
contribution of
161 billion
euro in the
economy.
figure is
suppose to go
up by 0.8
percentage
point before
2025. This
industry has
generated
millions of
jobs and
almost 20.6%
national wages
came from this
field.
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crowd issue.
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Number of
visitors
Almost 60
million people
visit this
country and
the average
expenditure is
1276.53 per
person.
Almost 36.115
millions
people travel
to this country
every year. On
an average,
1000 people
spend 246.1
pound when
they travel to
main
destinations of
this nation.
In 2015, the
number of
guest who
visited this
nation was
around 20
million. 39.88
was the
spending per
1000 visitor.
32 million
travellers went
to this country,
but the
surprising
figure is that
per person
expenditure
was 1415.52.
60 millions
traveller went
to USA in
2015, 734 was
the spending
by per 1000
person.
Prime tourist
destination
Eiffel tower,
French
Riviera, Viex-
port.
Buckingham
Palace, Royal
mile shops,
Kelvingrove
gallery.
Forbidden
city, Karst
hills,
Tiananmen
square
Gaudi
building,
Royal Palace,
Prado
museum.
State of
Liberty,
Hollywood,
Zion national
park.
1.2 Prediction of future trends
Tourism industry has seen decent growth in last 3-4 decades and this trend will remain
for next 3-5 years. UK is still among the favourite places to visit by traveller because of many
travelling destinations. The expenditure by number of day visitors hold 53% share in a 127.4
billions pound industry.
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Almost of one fourth of the people living in London get employment because of this
sector, this figure will enhance in forthcoming time (Armenski and et.al., 2011). Brexit made a
negative impact on the economic growth of this nation but this sector has capacity to grow in a
hard time. Most of the travellers go for the purpose of leisure. Number of visitors who are
visiting for the business purpose may go down in upcoming time because now UK is out of EU
and this will make a negative impact on area. Events and night tourism is suppose to see
impressive growth because they have direct connection with recreation. Some experts may
believe that medical tourism, education will play crucial role in development of this industry but
festival events and tourism in night will have significant contribution.
By analysing above graphs, one can predict that visitors number will rise but the money
which they are spending in travelling may come down. It can also remain constant because the
prices of various product in UK will go down in next 2-3 years. Figure of students coming from
foreign nation may go down due to the strict policy of government. They have tighten the rule
for student visa which make negative, but small, impact on the development of this sector. In
upcoming time, this country will face issues relating to unemployment (Beritelli, 2011). This
sector has potential to generate millions of jobs but government has to give proper attention to
this industry. Almost 3 million people are working in this sector but in next 5 year, this figure
rise by 30,000 to 40,000. If the number of cultural events will increase then the trouble of
unemployment can minimise in short period of time. The places like Buckingham Palace will
attract more people. In present scenario, the Asian region has highest economic growth, people
living in these countries are getting earning good remuneration and they are spending this money
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on visiting famous destination in Europe. The number of visitors from this continent will
enhance in forthcoming time and it will also make a positive impact on other industries like
Aviation, transportation etc.
January to march is the off season in UK but this does not mean the footfall of travellers
go significantly down. Between April to June, almost 10 million people visited in this country
which is more than 6 percentage point form previous quarter (Crouch, 2011). July to September
is the peak season, 10.66 million tourist went to this nation in this season. This figure went down
in next quarter as 9.43 million people travel to UK between October to December.
TASK 2
2.1 Analyse cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations explaining their appeal to
tourist
Trip Advisor have to identify the features of various tourist destinations through which
quality services can be render to their users. Along with this, it should also have to include
information about all aspects around the globe so that every visitor should analyse positive and
negative features of such locations. Along with this, management also have to consider data
about leading and developing tourist destination for providing packages about such trips. UK
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and Nepal are the two major destinations where most number of people visit but from two of
them UK is work as a leading destination but Nepal is a developing tourist destination. People
usually visit there for a purpose of work but in United Kingdom people visit with a motive to
spent some luxury time with their families. According to the reports, it get identify the from last
few years Britain is contributing more and more in a global economy from the side of tourism is
high. As they along share 3-10% share of growth but on the other hand from last few years,
Nepal is identify as the emerging tourist destination in world. On the basis of thee major thing,
cultural, social and physical features of tourist destination are identify which support in
increasing the GDP rate of a economy:
 Cultural: Every country have their own and ancient culture in nature which represent by
the natural resources over there (Datzira-Masip and Poluzzi, 2014). All the famous
monuments, foods, drinks etc. are consider as a part of cultural consent through which
every visitor get attracted towards that. United Kingdom have vast range of man made as
well as natural cultural aspects which support in facilitating more and more number of
tourist. Like National Albert Museum, Hyda Park etc. are some famous destinations over
there. But in Nepal have only natural monuments which are taking place from last many
years. It includes Nepal Kathmandu Valley Treasure etc. After a major Earthquake in
Nepal it get forecasted that everything was finished. But Nepal present a different
example of development by overcoming from this and their hard work.
 Social: Another major aspect of tourist destination is society who support more and more
in development of destinations and enhance the tourism in a country. Tourism made a
positive impact on regional and local community in which they provide better job
opportunities to every group of person. In the year 2010- 2011 a major thing get identify
which present that by enhancing the tourism level overall growth is around 3,5 million
jobs were provided (Di Pietro, Di Virgilio and Pantano, 2012). Also, a major reason
behind upraising of Nepal is many people visit there after Earthquake for seeing the
hazard. Thus, government provide job opportunity to all local communities to provide a
sight seen guide for monuments.
Tourist visit with a purpose in which educational tourist are less in number but leisure tourism
grab most of the population. Thus, on the basis of this fact and figure it get identify that number
of leisure tourism is high and government have to keep their keen focus on this aspect as well.
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2.2 Compare features of leading and developing tourist destination
Trip advisor have to analyse features of all developing and leading tourist spots so that
adequate strategies can be frame. A basic comparison between various countries aspects will
enable user to choose such destination which appropriate according to their nature. For student
perspective, developing tourist destination is appropriate but for spending some time with family
and leisure, leading tourist destinations are adequate. Leading and developing tourism both are
different from each other and do not have similar existence as well. Both these concepts are
distinct from each other completely as thus,a proper understanding about them is must. United
Kingdom is one of the most leading tourism spot in the world where as Nepal is consider as
developing visitor attraction. UK has government support tourism in which legislation support
them in visitor infrastructure as well. There is a difference between leading and developing
tourist destination on the basis of features which are as follow:
Leading tourist destination Developing Tourist Destination
United Kingdom have wide number of
beaches, elements through which they gain
maximum number of visitors in a year.
Nepal always bear several and huge losses
hazards which push them before 10 years.
They have proper infrastructure to deal and
good relations with other countries as well.
Nepal have good relation with other countries
but government do not have adequate fund to
purchase high technological infrastructure.
Number of man made and natural spots are
wide in range. Thus tourist have several
number of options as well.
Nepal only have natural tourist spots which get
damaged after many earthquakes.
Local community and government always
support to Britain in welcome the number of
tourist.
Local community and government support but
due to natural hazards there is a feeling of
dissatisfaction and people move in other
countries in search of jobs as well.
Britain have good transportation network than
any other country. This aid in enhancing
satisfaction level of all of their visitors.
Nepal have good transportation system but not
as much as high technology based like United
Kingdom.
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These are several key differences between Nepal a developing tourism country whom
have good transportation services, government support but due to lack of funding they are not
able to provide and render quality based services (Fourie and Santana-Gallego, 2011). Along
with this, in a year they suffer from more number of natural hazards than any other country.
On the other hand, United Kingdom have good transportation services with using high
advance technology for dealing with tourist always support them in enhancing the customer
satisfaction. Thus, these are the key differentiation which states a major reason of visitors
attracted towards UK rather than Nepal. But from past few years, it get analyse that Nepal
identify as emerging and growth based network of a country and they make their relation with
other countries proper for betterment of economy.
TASK 3
3.1 Compare the appeal of current leading tourist destinations with that of currently
developing tourist destination
Also the government of a country plays a vital role in attracting more and more number
of visitors (Frenzel, Koens and Steinbrink, 2012). Travel and tourism industry is widely depend
upon on the characteristics of tourist spots and destinations. Following are the several
characteristics of tourist destination with leading one and developing one. Economical characteristics: Economy growth and development plays a major role in
attracting a tourist towards particular destination. United Kingdom have better
economic growth as compared to Nepal and thus this is a major reason behind the
success of tourist development. UK is already a one of the establish country rather than
other and they are not depend on other developed countries. But every time when Nepal
met with a natural occurrence push them around 10 years before.
 Physical characteristics: This implies about the present economical condition of a
country which states that are they OK to deal with variety number of users. UK have
adequate physical infrastructure which simplifies that they are more capable to deal
with any kind of tourist related problems but Nepal do not have proper infrastructure
and belong to poor urban typology (Horng And et.al., 2012). Also, UK have good
transport services rather than Nepal and this aid them in increasing satisfaction level of
visitors.
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According to this comparison it get identify that, UK have good growth rate and economical
condition as well. This support for future of the tourism industry and thus, their tourism have
ability to generate more and more profit as well. Hence, they are the once who lead to contribute
maximum number of shares in global economy.
Nepal have to spent several money on their tourism infrastructure as well through which
they can attract more and more visitors. This fact is taking place in reality by inspecting last few
years graph. Nepal identify as emerging growth related country with an adequate tourism rate.
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal
The Management
Virgin Holidays
Dated: 24th October 2017
Subject: Effect of characteristics on tourist destination on Cuba
Thus none of the sort of tourist want to visit over there but number of business visits are more
in Cuba which states that leisure form of tourism is already finished from there.
Thanks
Travel Consultant
Virgin Holidays
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TASK 4
4.1 Issues that affect popularity of tourist destinations
Number of elements and issues are there which affect popularity of a tourist destination.
These issues helps to determine the attractiveness of a destination in attract large number of
visitors. Main issues can be can be understood by the following points:
 Change in climate: this is one of the element which largely affect the number of tourists
towards a destination (Laws, 2011). Changing climatic condition of a destination affect
health of tourist and it is not necessary that this is suitable for every type of tourist. This
affect whole activity of tourism in both positive and negative way. For example climate
of some countries became well in winters which attract more tourists toward that
destination.
 Natural disasters: Whenever a natural disaster take place in a country than its impact can
be seen in almost every activity of that country. This largely affect the population of that
nation.
 Political issues: Stability of government is one of the issues which largely affect the
number of tourist in that nation. Sometimes political conditions of a country create a
situation of war which negatively affect the interests of tourists. For example in case of
an emergency than every tourist ask to stay at their homes.
 Terrorism: Cases of terrorism over some places affect the popularity of that tourist
destination (Oliveira and Panyik, 2015). Terrorism attacks create fear in mind tourists and
reduce number of tourists.
 Tourism trends: Trends exist in market also affect the popularity of a tourist destination.
If some tourists want to try something new than they found and search for a different
place which affect the popularity of that destination.
 Communication and transport facility : This is one of the major element which affect the
popularity of a tourist destination. There are number of tourists who like to go for
adventure sites but lack of communication at that place negatively affect this. Further if
tourist face problems in visit from one region to another than this also affect the
movement of tourism. With improvements in these facilities popularity of tourist
destinations can be maintained.

 Infrastructure and hotels: Lack of proper hotel and infrastructure of country affect the
attractiveness of tourist destination (Pandža Bajs, 2015). Lack of infrastructure such as
roads and its maintenance leads to disinterest of tourists in that destination.
 Lack of manpower: Manpower play an important role in boost the tourism industry.
Lack of skilled an capable manpower negatively affect the popularity of that tourist
destination and vice versa.
 Quality of services and facilities: Hotels of a country and facility provided in that hotels
also affect the popularity of a tourist destination. Proper facility,. Effective services,
skilled manpower and proper infrastructure increase the number of tourists at that place.
 Availability of resources: Availability of resources in a country increase the quality of
services offer to tourists that's why its also affect the popularity of a tourist destination.
All these are the main factors which largely affect the popularity of a tourist destination (Prayag
and Ryan, 2011). Further value of services offer to tourists and price of that also affect the
popularity of tourist destination. All these elements must be identify and evaluate by Virgin
holidays limited before make a plan to attract more visitors towards tourist destinations.
4.2 Potential responsible tourism to enhance world wide
Potential responsible for tourism
Name: XYZ
Date: 6th October 2017
Responsible tourism are those who do various efforts to make the place safe and secure to make
it liveable for the people who live in that country and for visitors so they can visit there. Main
focus of this is to make the place a safe and better one to influence people to live there. These
do efforts for minimise the environmental and social impact over the destination. It help to
make a tourist destination safe for the purpose of tourism. It is based on three principles which
make the culture understandable for visitors, give them respect and be humble and sensitive
towards the people and not to harm a destination a tourist is visiting. In United kingdom, the
main focus of responsible tourism is to do efforts to make a positive impact on tourists, over the
destination and on economy also. Number of enterprise are there who work with this motive.
Further it also focus to create employment opportunities with the aim of enhance standard of
living of people and to increase income level of citizens to increase economic level of UK.
Presently UK is promoting its natural beauty to preserve natural environment for future
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purpose. Basically responsible tourism activities are important to reduce harmful effect of
tourism on social, culture and economy of a country so that benefits from this industry can be
maximised. In UK 1 individual out of 12 is directly or indirectly employed in this industry.
Various heritage enterprises are funded with tourism industry in order to preserve natural and
cultural heritage of a country. Main role of responsible tourism in UK is to make a positive
impact on economic by create and develop employment opportunities for local individuals.
Further United world tourism focus to eliminate some emerging issues in tourism such as child
labour and many more. Ecotourism is another major element that must be consider in order to
create positive image in mind of tourists. United kingdom has more than 28 natural and cultural
UNESCO world heritage sites which are responsible for tourism in country.
Various efforts are done by UK to lead tourism but it is also important to promote is
natural beauty and at the same time to maintain discipline in this industry. In this way, ethics
can be maintained in tourism industry which will lead to higher treat of responsibility being
impose in UK. By doing this responsible tourism will provide following benefits to UK:
Minimise the negative social, environmental and economic impact.
This will generate economic people for the local people and will also enhance the level of
service offer to tourists.
Increase satisfaction of tourists.
This will make contribution towards conservation of various destinations of tourists and with
the places of heritage which will create long term advantages. With the help of this Virgin
media can attract more visitors and can increase its market share.
All these advantages and activities of responsible tourism indicate towards huge amount of
funds required responsible tourism.
CONCLUSION
At the end, it can be concluded that tourism sector moving in a forward direction because
of famous travelling destinations. This industry has seen constant growth in Europe, in Asian
region this sector is growing with a high pace. Their are many countries who are highly
dependent on this industry. Their are various factors which appeal people to visit different
palaces. Developing countries like India, Nepal etc. are grabbing significant share in the global
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tourism market. Most of the travelling destination in these nations are unexplored so travellers
like to visit these locations. Cost is another advantages for these countries, visitors do not have to
pay much amount for various facilities like Air tickets, hotel stay etc. They get similar
experience which they seek in European continent but at a very low price. Rich and interesting
culture of developing and unexplored region attractive huge number of travellers from across the
world.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
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The case of Kampong Ayer (Water Village) in Brunei Darussalam. Tourism
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Crouch, G.I., 2011. Destination competitiveness: An analysis of determinant attributes. Journal
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tourist destinations in Catalonia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management.
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Online:
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