Tourism Management and Destination Evolution

This assignment delves into the complexities of tourism destination management, focusing on the evolution of such destinations and their impact on local economies. It draws from a range of sources, including academic research papers and industry reports, to provide a thorough understanding of how tourism destinations evolve and how they are managed. The analysis includes case studies from various countries and cities, offering insights into successful tourism development strategies. The assignment provides a comprehensive overview of the subject matter, making it an ideal resource for students looking for detailed information on tourism destination management.

Tourist Destination

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Main tourist destinations and generators of the world.....................................................1
1.2 Statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict future trends....................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Analyse cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations..............................5
2.2 Compare features of developing and leading tourist destinations. ..................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
Covered in PPT.......................................................................................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations......................................8
4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide tourist
destinations.............................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Tourism industry is an imperative sector that provide an immense growth in country's
economy. This is a major source to develop economy in the United Kingdom, Europe and other
countries. It is a crucial sector which supports in development of the nation through improving
jobs and education structure that assists in flourishing lifestyle of citizens. Therefore, Titan
Travel is a travel and tourism company that provides a incredible trips for better experience to
the people. Hence, this report underpins five tourist destinations in the UK, Europe and across
the globe. Thus, the report comprises of main tourist destinations and generators along with their
statistics that determines trends and future of tourism trends. It also analyses cultural, social and
physical features that appeals towards the destination. Besides it, developing and leading tourist
destination's features are also included in it. A presentation will be given on comparison of
current leading and developing tourist destinations. The report also highlights characteristics
which influences tourist destination along with issues that affects on popularity of tourist
destination (Ahmad, 2013).
TASK 1
1.1 Main tourist destinations and generators of the world.
Tourism plays a huge role to raise the economy of country. It allures several visitors
towards the various factors that supports to increase the revenue of nations. Tourists are the main
source to generate income and revenue for the country. There are two kinds of tourist countries,
one of that is tourist receiver which attracts people to visit. On the other hand, tourist generator is
a country from where tourist come to explore the holiday destination. Therefore, there are many
countries that appeals to visitors from across the world. The people easily gets pulls towards
developing and leading tourist destinations (Armenski and et. al., 2011).
London is one of the most popular tourist destination in the world that provides best
travel experience to guests. It is one of most favourite place of the people because there are
various facilities and locations that appeals tourists (UK braced for record number of tourists,
2018). Therefore, UK set to pass overseas visits for 40m for the first time in present year (2018).
In the year, 2017 the inbound tourism sector recorded 39.9m visits. France which is a western
European country, contributed approximately 77.7 billion euros. In which 30 percent earned
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from international and 70 percent by domestic tourists. The major reason of tourism the country
attracts visitors for beaches, seaside resorts, ski resorts and recreation.
On the other hand, in the year 2017 domestic and international tourists spent $1,036
billions in the United States of America. It is one of major support in economy that contributed
to 8.8 millions job (U.S. Travel and Tourism Overview, 2018). The travellers get attracted
towards the historical monuments, entertainment venues and natural wonders that also assists in
generating jobs. Germany received 83.9 million visitors in 2017 which increased by 3 percent as
compare to the previous year (Germany sees another record year for tourism). The country is
well known for its appealing sites that captures the attention of travellers. That's why last year it
got hiked by three percent. China tourism also increased in the year 2017, through inbound trip
it increased 139.4 millions whereas in outbound trips its raised economy with 130 millions
(China Tourism Facts & Figures, 2018). The travellers get influenced by historical and rural
tourisms that boosts up accommodation, catering, railway and civil aviation.
Hence, these are the nations which are increasing in economy through tourist
destinations. Through tourism it is generating the job and education opportunities because
maximum revenue is used to supports infrastructure. These countries are influencing travellers in
various ways that are mentioned below -
S. No Nation Places for
tourists
Visitors
number in
2016
Visitors number
in 2017
Amount (USD billion)
1. United
Kingdom
Big Ben,
River
Thames,
Stoneheng,
London eye
37.6m 39.2 m £24.5 billion
2 USA Grand
Canyon
National
Park, Statue
75.9 million Approximately 75
million
US$1.6 trillion (United
States Tourism Revenues,
2018)
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of Liberty,
Yellowston
e national
Park,
Disneyland
3 France Paris,
Versailles,
Nice and
French
Riviera
82.6
million
89 million $65.1 billion
4 Germany Neuschwan
stein
Castle,
Brandenbur
g Gate,
Berlin Wall
Approximat
ely 79.9
83.9 million 40 USD billion
5 China Forbidden
City, Great
wall of
China,
Terracotta
Army,
Summer
Palace etc.
2815.12
Tens of
Thousands
2917 Tens of
Thousands
$832billion
According to the above statistics it is clear that France is the biggest tourism country that
received highest tourism revenue that supports the nations. The major attractions was
monuments and attraction sites to appeals the visitors (Beritelli, 2011).
1.2 Statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict future trends.
As it is discussed in the above analytics that there are several reasons which captures
attractions. These tourists destination has such kind of appeal that maximizes the revenue of
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nations. The tourism industry is depended on the domestic and overseas customers that can
enhance the revenue of clients. United Kingdom, USA, France, Germany and China are
increasing number of visitors through promoting their most dynamic tourist places. The people
are always looking to explore new destinations and ideas that's why they moved to experience
the sightseeing (Crouch, 2011). Although, France is one of the immense country which hosted
maximum number of visitors and generated high revenue due to its mountains, beaches and
historic monuments etc.
London is also one of the most eye-catching tourist destination where people can explore
nature, monuments with cleanliness. The country has several places that receives numerous
visitors. London is the most leading tourist destination that attracts almost 19.1 million
international visitors across world. Edinburgh is on second number that receives approximately
1474 and Manchester 1046 visitors every year. This expansion in the travel industry is due to
several reasons such as - Students are immigrating from across boundaries due to their higher
studies in Oxford University.
 Business purpose: in order to expand business worldwide, people are starting their
venture in UK.
 Historical monuments and culture is also a reason to cross the borders.
Tourism is also enhancing job opportunities for the Britishers that they can pursue their
own business that is beneficial for them. It will maximise the income and cross cultural
knowledge that will make them familiar with other cultures. In present time, tourism is also
getting attracted through games like Olympics and Commonwealth games. Since 2010, it has
grown very fast in terms of tourism and employment too. Tourism is also promoted to attract the
visitor for green tourism through which travellers can visit on natural places. But on the other
side, the tourism can also get impacted due to weather and climate changes. As natural disasters
like Hurricane and Bomb cyclone it effecting travellers that's why it can be predicted that UK
can raise around £257 billion by 2025.
Further, it can be analysed that UK is increasing in every year. Hence, it can be analyse
that due so some unique factors it can be analysed that London is the most impressive tourist
destination (Datzira and Poluzzi, 2014).
In London, total visits of tourists were 39.214 million that was increased from 2016 when
it was 37. 609. The tourism rate raised by approximately 1.494% from 2015 in which it was
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36.115 million. Edinburgh tourism witnessed 166 million visits in 2017 which includes
international, domestic, overnight and domestic day trips. This represents a 6% hike from 2016.
There was an increase in international visitors with 16.9% which was higher than 2015 – 16
(Scotland's Tourism Performance Summary Report 2017, 2018). In Manchester, international
passengers was 1,378,505, compared to 1,383,394 in the year 2016 (Manchester City Council
Report for Resolution, 2017) . Birmingham tourism witnessed 41.8 million visitors in 2017 that
was increased by 9% from previous year (Birmingham's tourism sector, 2018). Bristol welcomed
446 million visitors in 2014 that was increased in 2015 with 526million and from past years
tourism also hiked in 2017 with 570 million. Hence, it can be analysed that tourism rate will be
increased with approximate 30% in all these countries and this will also enhance employment
opportunities.
TASK 2
2.1 Analyse cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations.
Tourism consist of adventurous and memorable experience from distinct destination
across the world. In order to compare physical, social and culture feature of two tourist
destinations London and Hong Kong are selected. Both of these countries has several positive
and negative issues that can impact on its tourist destinations to attract visitors (Di and Pietro,
2012). Therefore, physical, culture and social features are given below -
Features London Hong Kong
Physical This is the most attractive tourist
destination in the UK. It has several
monuments and sights that captures the
attraction of the people. London is known
for museums, eye-opening art galleries,
historic royal palaces and vibrant market.
In addition, it also captures attention due
to Oxford University that invites students
from across the world. This is the major
reason for immigration of students that it
provides higher standards of education.
On the other side, Hong Kong is a
territory of China with over 7.4m
population. The country is the
most glamorous place which is
widely known for
entrepreneurship. The people
pulls towards scenic views of
land, sea, and architecture,
wonderful beaches, great hikes,
and traditional fishing villages
(Fourie and Santana, 2011).
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The negative impact of sport tourism on
environment, such as clearing of trees,
building ski huts thereby increasing waste
and carbon emission, noise pollution
etc..As well as adversely affecting on the
local community displacements, crowding
and disruption in the normal life of the
local people.
Culture It is one of the core reason that attracts
travellers. London has a lavish culture that
welcomes around 30 million visitors
across the globe annually. It supports
cultural activities and because of this,
around 16.8 million visitors reached to
country. The art galleries and museums
influences to the visitors (Brouder and et.
al., 2016). Sport tourism is one of the
fastest growing market segment in the
tourism industry. It also results in negative
impact on culture such as attitudes, beliefs,
behaviours, as well as society. It also
adversely effect the receptivity of a
individual to individual education and
willingness to accept the sport tourism
culture according to their life styles. Sport
tourism includes many items such as
languages, custom, traditions as well as
different ways of communication. As
traditions differ from nation to nation, it
become different for an individual to
accept. Thus, it leads to loss culture and
Hong Kong culture is majorly
accessible by the tourists. The
country has mystical, timeless
and exotic ancient rituals that
leaves a memorable experience.
Secondly, historical sites depicts
stories of the decades that they
have evidenced. These are the
core major cultural attractions
that allure tourists.
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heritage of a particular nation.
Social Social factor appeals people to visit a
destination that exchanges peace and
culture of the country So that citizens can
get familiar with other culture. Sharing of
social culture also establish a cultural bond
with sociology regarding apparels and
food (Bruwer and Joy, 2017).
One of the positive impact of
social tour is that local citizens
are gaining the profit because
visitors purchases stuff from their
shops. Whereas the negative
impact is that government needs
to interfere in the facilities that
are provided to visitors. Rising
conflicts between local people
and foreigners reduces growth in
tourism.
2.2 Compare features of developing and leading tourist destinations.
Through conducting a research on leading and developing tourist destinations, a
comparison can be done in an appropriate way. The two distinct countries are essential to find
out differences for growth and development. Therefore, one is developing and other is leading
country in travel and tourism industry and both of them has several several visited attraction
places. These are supporting in increasing number of visitors through influencing them with
various factors such as -
Factors Nepal United Kingdom Hong Kong India
Physical
elements
Nepal is very well
known for its
scenic beauty that
attracts visitors
such as mountains.
Pokharan,
Kathmandu, and
Bhaktapur are the
most famous
places among
This nation is
widely known for
several tourist
attractions please to
travellers (Bruwer
and Gross, 2016).
Country is offering
a scenic physical
location such as
monasteries and
museums.
India is extremely
diverse nation,
with immense
diversity in its
geography,
climate, culture,
language and
ethnicity. Varied
landscape from
snow-clad
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travellers. Himalayas to
vibrant coastlines,
India have all the
physical and
geographical
features of
environment as
well as beautiful
tourist destinations.
Environ
mental
elements
A few years ago,
Nepal faced
earthquake that
decreases tourists
in the country. As
people are scared
to head towards
nation due to
natural disasters.
Due to increasing
number of
organizations, UK
is struggling with
pollutions problem.
The raising level of
carbon dioxide is
becoming a
problem for several
disease that will
impact on tourist
industry in near
future.
Environment also
attracts tourists that
captures the
attention of people.
But in recent years
increasing
manufacturing
industry is harmful
for the people that
can reduce
travellers.
Due to most bio
diversified
ecological zone in
India it has major
geographical
features. However
due to high
population and
climate changes,
India is suffering
from pollution
issues as well as
disastrous
situations like
flood, landslides
and earthquake.
Social
elements
The country does
not have diversity
because people are
surviving to
fulfilling
It has a diverse
population because
people immigrated
towards the nation
for various
Hong Kong has a
rich social culture
that attracts people
towards the
country.
India is a religious
place having
various cultures,
language, and
values.
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infrastructure
needs such as
food, and job.
purposes such as
education and
business. As it has
luxury culture and
glamorous social
life that attracts
people to stay there
for a long time.
Technolo
gical
elements
A years ago,
country was not
technologically
developed but with
time, it has
adopted
technology. In
present time,
technology is
supporting nations
growth (Buosi and
Lima, 2017).
This is one of
largest country that
utilises
technological
advancements. This
is most beneficial
for travellers that
they experiences
advancements in
techniques and
machinery.
Hong Kong is a
raising in
technology as it
has own
manufacturing of
modern gadgets
that's pulls the
attention of
tourists.
India is a
technologically
developing country
and has a few
technological
manufacturing
plants.
TASK 3
Covered in PPT
TASK 4
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destination
Analyze issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations Nepal and UK.
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Nepal- Nepal is a country rich in cultural, natural and geographical aspects, but there are certain
issues that affects the popularity of tourism of Nepal. Some of the challenges are:
 Nepal has one international airport which is ranked one of the worst in the world which
creates a very bad impression on tourists. The airport is constructed on Kathmandu valley
and is highly congested due to which Nepal can operate only limited number of flights
which restrict them to limited number of passengers visiting the country.
 The budget of development of tourism is limited because of which the country is
unknown to many people in the world which is the main reason Nepal get limited amount
of tourism. This is due to economic impact because ups and downs in an economy to
have greater affect over popularity of tourist destinations. If GDP of an economy is low
and there is no growth over there, then it will affect tourist places because people prefer
developed and educated places to spend their vacations (Chen and Chen, 2017).
 The cultural tourism sites like temples and heritage architecture is one of the main
attraction of the country but they are poorly maintained and are slowly deteriorating.
United Kingdom - UK is one of the beautiful and developed tourist destination which is mostly
loved for its history, culture and architecture like Stonehenge, tower of London, etc. But there
are certain reasons which are affecting the tourist growth of UK. Some of them are:
 Some of the main concern which are affecting the tourism are terrorism, rail problem and
the cost of traveling and surviving in UK for the tourists.
 There have been fake reporting of holiday illness claims which has become a significant
issue for the travel and tourism sector.
 Terrorist Attack enjoys very low rate of popularity over there because tourists want to go
there where they can get peace. If there are frequent terrorist attacks in country, people
will not go to that places ever and again. Because of some terrorists attacks in certain
parts of UK, the tourist are avoiding to visit these destination which has affected the
tourism growth.
 Environmental impact is another issue to increase or decrease popularity of tourist places.
This aspect gets affected to that extent to which a tourist place is environment concerned.
For example, if a tourist place is so much clean and environmentally safe then it will have
high rate of visiting
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4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide tourist
destinations
United kingdom can enhance its tourism through organizing different kind of tourism
products such beach tourism, green tourism, mountain tourism etc. There are huge opportunities
for developing and leading countries to attract the visitors. They all have some different kinds of
attractions such China has Skyscrapers, Tiananemen Square and and USA has Six Flags to
attract for adventures. Nepal is famous for mountains, nature beauty, religious places and
Kathmandu. These countries has the potential to attract visitors by attracting them through
technological, physical and environmental trips.
There are various aspects that needed to be protected by the government so that negative
impact on tourism can be reduced. Political, economical social and cultural aspects made a huge
affect on tourism destinations. For an example, UK is the most alluring country that captures the
attraction of people. Therefore, government of nation needs to develop some rules that protects
the historical monuments and tourist places. So that the country can increase the revenue through
promoting tourist sites (Dwyer and Tomljenović, 2016).
In social aspects, the country should conduct some policies to provide employment to the
local citizens so that they can run their own business and support to the nation's economy
through generating job opportunities (Ahmad, 2013). The government should protect the child
labours, drug addiction so that country can attract new opportunities in the country. Further, in
order to improve the tourism sector, UK should promote Eco – tourism that also protects natural
places.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be summarized that tourism destination attracts travellers
due to its uniqueness and alluring sites. Therefore, UK France, Germany, USA, China are the
most leading tourist nations that captures the highest number of visitors. In addition, the leading
and developed nations also plays a crucial role in tourism industry. The report also emphasizes
on currently developing and leading country as well. There are some major issues in tourist
destinations that impacts on the industry.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ahmad, A., 2013. The constraints of tourism development for a cultural heritage destination:
The case of Kampong Ayer (Water Village) in Brunei Darussalam. Tourism
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Armenski, T. and et. al., 2011. Destination competitivenes: A challenging process for Serbia.
Human Geographies. 5(1). p.19.
Beritelli, P., 2011. Cooperation among prominent actors in a tourist destination. Annals of
Tourism Research. 38(2). pp.607-629.
Crouch, G. I., 2011. Destination competitiveness: An analysis of determinant attributes. Journal
of travel research. 50(1). pp.27-45.
Datzira-Masip, J. and Poluzzi, A., 2014. Brand architecture management: The case of four
tourist destinations in Catalonia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management.
3(1). pp.48-58.
Di Pietro, L., Di Virgilio, F. and Pantano, E., 2012. Social network for the choice of tourist
destination: Attitude and behavioural intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
Technology. 3(1). pp.60-76.
Fourie, J. and Santana-Gallego, M., 2011. The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals.
Tourism management. 32(6). pp.1364-1370.
Brouder, P. and et. al., 2016. Tourism destination evolution. Routledge.
Bruwer, J. and Joy, A., 2017. Tourism destination image (TDI) perception of a Canadian
regional winescape: a free-text macro approach. Tourism Recreation Research. pp.1-13.
Bruwer, J., Gross, M. J. and Lee, H. C., 2016. Tourism destination image (TDI) perception
within a regional winescape context. Tourism Analysis. 21(2-3). pp.173-187.
Buosi, M. D. A., Lima, S. D. O. and Silva, Á., 2017. Relationship between the perception of
sustainable development and the place image for residents of an international tourism
destination. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo. 26(1). pp.128-149.
Chen, M. and Chen, J., 2017, July. Effects of Internet Word-of-Mouth of a Tourism Destination
on Consumer Purchase Intention: Based on Temporal Distance and Social Distance. In
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Dwyer, L., Tomljenović, R. and Čorak, S. eds., 2016. Evolution of Destination Planning and
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China Tourism Facts & Figures, 2018. [Online]. Available through
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