Tourism Development and Destination Management

This assignment involves analyzing the constraints and opportunities of tourism development for a cultural heritage destination. It requires understanding the importance of tourism in contributing to a country's GDP and national income, as well as the need for government investment in protecting heritage places and natural beauty. Additionally, it emphasizes the role of tourism operators in providing high-quality services to visitors and the government's responsibility in promoting and developing the tourism sector.

TOURIST
DESTINATION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analysis of major tourist destinations and income generator of the world...........................1
1.2 Determine the impact of tourism destination trend and forecast future trend.......................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Examine social, cultural and physical features of tourist destination...................................4
2.2 Comparison between features of developing and leading tourists destination ....................5
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Comparison between current leading tourist destination with developing tourist
destination .................................................................................................................................6
3.2 Evaluate how characteristic of tourist destination affect its appeal .....................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Identify issue that affect popularity of tourist destination....................................................7
4.2 Cover the potential for responsible tourism to enhance host community at global level ....8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
In today's era, travel and tourism sector can be considered as one of the most essential
pillar of economies of both developed and developing. The sector is contributing significantly in
the growth and development of respective country (Ahmad, 2013). Tourism simply means
activities related with visiting or discovering new place for the purpose of leisure, profession,
recreation or any other reason. Basically there are two type of tourism one is at global level and
other is at domestic level. In this assignment, given company is Virgin Holiday Ltd which is a
UK based tourist operator that offers worldwide holidays to ample number of visitors. The given
report covers main tourists destination and income generator of the world, analyse social,
cultural features of tourist destination and issue affecting popularity of tourists.
TASK 1
1.1 Analysis of major tourist destinations and income generator of the world
Tourism of any popular tourism destination can be divide as domestic and international
tourism. After 2009 recession, there were many countries who started focusing on travel industry
because contribution of this sector is high in terms of country's economic development as
compared to other sectors. It provide ample opportunities to nations for exchange of foreign
currency and helps in minimizing the unemployment rate. According to data collected by
UNESCO, tourism and travel sector is going to touch 250 billion GBP by the year 2020.
Issues United
Kingdom
France China Spain USA
Contribution
in economy
Entire
economy of
UK is facing
tough time due
to situation
like Brexit.
The
contribution of
travel and
tourism sector
in UK's
Every year
large number
of tourists
prefer to visit
France or
chose France
as their main
destination.
Purchasing
power of
France people
Before the
year 1990,
China was not
paying much
attention
towards their
tourism sector.
But post that
year, they
started paying
attention
Spain has
come out as
the most
successful
player in
tourism and
travel
industry. They
contributes
near about
Euro 161
The
contribution of
travel and
tourism sector
towards USA
economy is
around 3-4%
and it is
supposed to be
raise by 1.25
by the year
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national
income is near
about 4.2%.
The sector is
growing with
a constant rate
of 7% which is
decent
development
rate. There are
various
initiatives that
has been taken
by UK
Government
towards
promoting
their night
tourism
because now a
days most of
the visitor
prefer to visit
destination in
night because
of less crowd.
is high
because of
huge number
of visitors. In
addition to
that,
Government is
also taking
initiative in
the form of
investing
significant
amount in
travel and
tourism sector.
In return,
tourism
industry of
France is
contributing
tremendously
towards the
growth and
development
of country.
towards the
sector because
they have
figured out
that it is one of
the most of
growing sector
in the country
among others.
The sector is
contributing
near about ¥
1620 billion
for country's
growth and
development.
In-fact the
sector is also
contributing
towards
generating
employment
opportunities
for the
domestic
people.
billion and
also playing
key role in
creating ample
number of
opportunities
in terms of
providing
employment
and increasing
GDP of the
country.
2025. In
addition to
that, the sector
is also
contributing
towards
20.605 in
national wages
of the country
by providing
employment
opportunities
to large
number of
people.
Number of
travellers
Around
37.114
millions of
people visit
UK every
Near about 60
million of
visitors travel
France every
year and the
In Spain,
approx. 20
millions
travellers
comes to visit
Around 33
billion visitors
travel Spain
every year.
Expenditure of
60 million
travellers visit
USA on
annual basis
and the
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year. On an
average,
£256.1 is
spend by 1000
visitors while
travelling
various
destinations.
average
expenditure
per visitor is
1275.50.
their country.
Average
spending of
1000 visitors
is approx.
¥39.88
person is
1414.62.
average
spending
power of
traveller is
near about $
734 per
person.
Major
Tourists
Places
French
Riviera, Eiffel
tower and
Viexport.
Kelvin grove
gallery, Royal
mile shops,
and
Buckingham
palace.
Karts hills,
Tienanmen
square, and
Forbidden
city.
Prado
museum,
Gaudi
building, and
Royal palace.
Statue of
Liberty, Zion
national park,
and
Hollywood.
The following is information which display for the worldwide tourism sector amid the
year 2017 and 2016. In this manner, it is vital to comprehend the nations whom prompt occur at
the best and which characterize at the most minimal level. Accordingly, there is a need to
enhance such nations services that holds minimal rank in the list.
Rank Country International tourism
receipts US$ (2017)
International tourism
receipts US$ (2016)
1 United States 192.6 billion 179.1 billion
2 Spain 68.5billion 68 billion
3 China 56.2 billion 57.9 billion
4 France 54.1 billion 58 billion
5 Macao 54.2 billion 55 billion
6 Italy 46.1 billion 46 billion
7 United Kingdom 48 billion 44.2 billion
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8 Germany 44.1 billion 44.5 billion
9 Thailand 45.2 billion 45 billion
10 Hongkong 38.4 billion 37.6 billion
Based on the above mentioned table, it can be interpret that United State was consider as
the most liked nation in the world during the year 2017 and 2016 where as Hong Kong take the
last position. In this viewpoint which characterize that they need to enhance their administration
standard and quality legitimately. Despite the fact that, Hong Kong and Thailand are growing
countries and every year its tourism sector is growing with a steady rate.
1.2 Determine the impact of tourism destination trend and forecast future trend
In order to capture vast portion of market share and earn high profitability, it is primarily
important for Virgin Holidays Ltd to offer high quality services to travellers in terms of
satisfying the needs and wants visitors in an effective manner (Beritelli, 2011). According to the
statistic report, it has been figured out that there is a constant growth that has been observed in
UK's travel and tourism sector from past many years. UK is considered as one of the popular
country among visitors. It has been figure out that, UK is contributing nearly £120 billion
towards growth and development of the country.
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From the above mentioned graph, it can clearly interpret that in an upcoming year, total
number of tourist is going to increase with a good proportion. This also assist in raising the
amount of money that they mainly spend on their recreational activities. Presently, around 3
million of people are having job due to this sector and there is chance of increase in this ratio as
well (Crouch, 2011).
TASK 2
2.1 Examine social, cultural and physical features of tourist destination
Cultural: In UK, there are large number of cultural programs takes place with the support and
assistance of available resources like natural places, heritage, special food etc. The country is
having many man-made and natural aspects that are associated with culture and assist in
attracting large number of tourists. For example: UK is famous for Albert museum and park and
on the other hand Nepal is famous for its Kathmandu Valley that attracts large number of
customers. But due to various other factors like earthquake and other natural calamities that
change the perception of visitors regarding tourism of Nepal (Datzira-Masip and Poluzzi, 2014).
But still Nepal is trying to put various efforts towards becoming a developed country from the
developing.
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Physical: UK is attaining high competitive advantage in travel and tourism sector in terms of
having unique natural environment an availability of adequate resources that help the sector in
contributing towards GDP and national income of the country. Tourists activities are majorly
takes place at England, London and Scotland.
Social: This factor also play key role in the growth and development of travel and tourism sector
of UK. Tourist destination significantly contributes in welfare of society and its members and
also provide great employment opportunities with an aim of improving the living standard of the
people (Fourie and Santana-Gallego, 2011). In addition to that, Government is also playing key
role in terms of providing adequate amount of funds that leads to improve the infrastructure of
the country.
2.2 Comparison between features of developing and leading tourists destination
Leading tourist destination Developing tourist destination
There are various unique places that are
available in UK and attracting large number
visitors every year. Such unique places have an
instant impact on visitors or travellers.
The most common thing that make Nepal still a
backward country is because of frequent
earthquake and natural calamities.
Government is playing key role in the growth
and development of travel and tourism sector.
They are providing significant amount of
funding that is necessary to improve the
infrastructure of country as this the only thing
that instantly attract visitor attention
Nepal lacks in terms of having adequate funds
and good infrastructure that play key role in
attracting large number of visitors.
Both natural and man-made tourist destination
of UK are attracting large number of customers
and also contributes in creating employment
opportunity in terms of providing job to large
number of employees.
In Nepal, only natural destination are available
which are also becoming destroyed because of
all these natural calamities and earthquake.
In UK, there is effective transportation network Local Government and community support
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that enable them to gain high competitive edge
in the market and it also assist in enhancing the
level of satisfaction of visitors as well.
growth and development of tourist destination
bit because of natural calamities like
earthquake, natural hazards it represents bad or
negative image of the country.
TASK 3
3.1 Comparison between current leading tourist destination with developing tourist destination
It is essential to analyse all relevant element associated with tourist destination in a
proper manner. UK is a leading destination that instantly attracts large number of customer in
comparison with Nepal. The role of Government is also important as they help in providing
adequate funds and infrastructure that assist in growth and development of country (Frenzel,
Koens and Steinbrink, 2012). The growth of travel and tourism sector mainly focuses on various
characteristic of destination.
Economic Characteristics Physical Characteristic
Economic Development of the country plays
key role in affecting the interest and behaviour
of visitors to visit or travel a particular
destination. It has been figure out that
economic growth of UK is better as compared
to other country like Nepal. In-fact among all
other international tourist destination, UK
holds 2nd position in 2017. Political stability is
another key advantage that UK is having in
comparison with Nepal. UK is a developed
country and on the other hand Nepal is not
much developed as UK. This is because of
frequent calamities like earthquake that takes
places in Nepal on constant basis. As a result,
these activities leads to create bad impression
of the country in the mind of customer that
Since UK is a developed country and has a
support of Government in terms of providing
better services to tourists that instantly seize
their attention. Availability of adequate funds
and good infrastructure and communication
also assist in handling and controlling different
situation in an effective manner. On the
contrary, Nepal is a developing country which
means there is a constant struggle going on in
the form of preserving heritage tourism
resources. But occurrence of natural calamities
in Nepal and that too on frequent basis
adversely affect its tourism. On the basis of
above mentioned characteristic, it can be
interpreted that travel and tourism industry of
UK is contributing significantly towards their
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negatively affect tourism sector of respective
country.
GDP and national income whereas Nepal has
less developed infrastructure and also have
shortage of funds as well. Though Nepal is
constantly growing bust still because of these
factors their entire travel and tourism sector
suffers.
3.2 Evaluate how characteristic of tourist destination affect its appeal
Each tourist destination has distinctive features that either has a positive or negative
impact on overall functioning of travel and tourism sector. In order to seize the attention of large
number of customers, it is important that tourist destination or spot must have some unique or
distinctive features that immediately catch traveller's attention (Laws, 2011). Some of the
common characteristic of tourist destination are discussed below:
Destination as Choice: This means the interest of visitors and the satisfaction level of interest of
the visitors. The different choices of visitors can be in the form of choosing rural or urban region,
place or type of natural setting such as modern, historic or coastal etc. It vary from person to
person. Thus, tourism destination may get largely affected by numerous choices of tourists. Both
UK and Nepal have diverse aspects and thus possess all the distinct attributes that is required to
attract visitors.
Culture Appeal: The culture aspect covers religion, festival and traditions. Other main factors
that also play key role in culture appeal include cuisine and lifestyle. UK is a mixture of iconic
sights, famous landmarks, hidden gems, quirky local museum, great cuisine, rich in tradition,
music festival etc. All these are sufficient enough to attract extensive pool of visitors.
Access to destination: This is one of the most crucial aspect that influence its appeal. A tourist
destination that is accessible has higher appeal and its accessibility oversee by its transport
connectivity. UK is more accessible to tourists as compared to Nepal as various attractive
destinations are there that draws attention of large number of visitors.
Accessibility: Before finalising the holiday destination or travelling to particular country, the
main factor that every traveller seeks for is comfort zone. In order to increase the number of
travellers, countries are required to increase the mode of entry through air, road or sea.
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Weather: Another main feature that has a direct influence on travellers is the weather condition
of respective country in which they wishes or prefer to travel. It is not necessary that climate or
weather of tourist destination may not suits everyone.
Quality of services: Travel and Tourism sector of UK has gained popularity for providing high
quality services to travellers in terms of offering large number of hotels and restaurants tht fulfil
customer requirement in an effective and efficient manner.
Marketing Campaign: Tourist destination appeal is also get influenced by promotional
activities conducted by travel and tourism sector. It is primarily essential for every country to
effectively promote their travel and tourism sector so as to attract large number of customers in
the country.
Value for money: It is a crucial factors that on which every traveller is paying attention. Value
of money can be computed in terms of services provided by respective country.
TASK 4
4.1 Identify issue that affect popularity of tourist destination
Travel and Tourism sector can be considered as the main source of foreign exchange. In
UK, most of the revenue is mainly generated through tourism sector only as they contributes
significantly towards their national income and GDP (Pandža Bajs, 2015). There are various
places available in UK that attracts large number of tourists such as natural beauty, historical
places and adventurous destination. However there are various issue that has an impact on
popularity of tourist destination and as a result overall profitability of the sector suffers. Some of
the common issue that they are facing are listed below:
Lack of good infrastructure and hotels: It is an important issue as every single visitor prefer to
stay in some good hotel with great infrastructure so that their basis requirement can be fulfilled
in an effective and efficient manner (Prebensen And et. al., 2013). It has a direct impact on the
popularity of travel sector. Bad hotel or infrastructure facilities like dirty rooms, unhygienic food
etc. creates bad image of the hotel in the mind of visitors and also there might be chances that
they shift to some other destination.
Lack of communication and Transportation: It also influenced the popularity of travel sector.
The reason is simple because lack of latest technology means ineffective communication and
transportation facilities of the country. Both communication and transportation play key role in
travel and tourism sector. Ineffective communication and transportation may create difficulties in
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movement of visitors from one place to another. Improving these facilities might result in
attracting large number of visitors and as a result overall profitability of the sector increases.
Lack of Manpower: Trained and Skilled manpower contributes significantly towards travel and
tourism sector. However the ratio of trained and competent employees are less in numbers
because of lack of education. This has a direct affect on popularity of tourism sector because at
the time of peak season when the demand is high, there is huge requirement of competent
personnel and due to lack of this all activities cannot be carried out effectively.
Wastage of Resources: Being a developed country, UK enjoy the benefit of having adequate
resources. But due to lack of training, these resources cannot be utilized properly and as result it
leads to wastage of already available resources by not utilizing it in proper and efficient manner.
However if proper measures are not taken by UK Government then it negatively impact
availability of resources and as a result there will scarcity of resources within the country
(Saraniemi and Kylänen, 2011).
Therefore, it is primarily important for Virgin Holiday Limited to taken into account all
above discussed points and formulate effective strategies accordingly.
4.2 Cover the potential for responsible tourism to enhance host community at global level
Responsible Tourism describes an approach concerned with engagement and
involvement of tourists i.e. business, local, tourists and other stakeholder like government.
Responsible Tourism mainly focuses on participation of all stakeholder in the development and
growth of travel and tourism sector. The sector is significantly contributing towards GDP and
national income of the country by creating employment opportunities for domestic population.
The tourism planning and development has three different impact namely environmental,
economic and social impact (Tortella and Tirado, 2011). In order to preserve cultural and natural
heritage of respective country, most of the entities are funded by travel and tourism sector. There
are various benefits that been provided by Responsible Tourism to UK are discussed below:
 It will assist in improving the satisfaction level of travellers
 Promoting conservation of tourists and heritage destination.
 Minimizing the negative influence of environmental, economical and social factors.
 Providing better facilities to local people
 Contribute significantly towards increasing GDP and national income of respective
country
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 Developing long term sustainability in terms of protecting tourist spots.
However all these above stated point can only become possible if there is adequate amount of
funds are available within the country (Poluzz, 2015). Therefore, Government needs to invest
adequate funding so that these can be executed properly.
CONCLUSION
According to the above mentioned report, it can be concluded that travel and tourism
industry is considered as the fastest growing sector that contributes extensively towards country's
GDP and national income. There are various issues that affect overall popularity of travel and
tourism sector and needs to be taken into account carefully. Government needs to invest more in
this sector as to protect or conserve heritage places and natural beauty of respective country.
Tourism operators needs to provide high quality services to visitors in order to fulfil their needs
in an effective manner. Along with this, Government also play key role in promoting and
developing tourism sector of the country.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ahmad, A., 2013. The constraints of tourism development for a cultural heritage destination: The
case of Kampong Ayer (Water Village) in Brunei Darussalam. Tourism Management
Perspectives. 8. pp.106-113.
Beritelli, P., 2011. Cooperation among prominent actors in a tourist destination. Annals of
Tourism Research. 38(2). pp.607-629.
Crouch, G.I., 2011. Destination competitiveness: An analysis of determinant attributes. Journal
of travel research. 50(1). pp.27-45.
Datzira-Masip, J. and Poluzzi, A., 2014. Brand architecture management: The case of four tourist
destinations in Catalonia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 3(1). pp.48-
58.
Fourie, J. and Santana-Gallego, M., 2011. The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals.
Tourism management. 32(6). pp.1364-1370.
Frenzel, F., Koens, K. and Steinbrink, M. eds., 2012. Slum tourism: Poverty, power and ethics
(Vol. 32). Routledge.
Horng, J.S. And et.al., 2012. Understanding the impact of culinary brand equity and destination
familiarity on travel intentions. Tourism Management. 33(4). pp.815-824.
Laws, E., 2011. Tourist destination governance: Practice, theory and issues. Cabi.
Pandža Bajs, I., 2015. Tourist perceived value, relationship to satisfaction, and behavioral
intentions: The example of the Croatian tourist destination Dubrovnik. Journal of Travel
Research. 54(1). pp.122-134.
Prebensen, N.K. And et.al., 2013. Motivation and involvement as antecedents of the perceived
value of the destination experience. Journal of Travel Research. 52(2). pp.253-264.
Saraniemi, S. and Kylänen, M., 2011. Problematizing the concept of tourism destination: An
analysis of different theoretical approaches. Journal of Travel Research. 50(2). pp.133-
143.
Tortella, B.D. and Tirado, D., 2011. Hotel water consumption at a seasonal mass tourist
destination. The case of the island of Mallorca. Journal of environmental management.
92(10). pp.2568-2579.
Online
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Content Marketing for Travel, Tourism and Hospitality. 2017. [Online]. Available
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