Exploring the Social Psychology of Tourist Behaviour

This assignment content focuses on various aspects of social psychology in tourism behavior, including destination marketing, tourist preferences, and experiences. The texts cover topics such as the promotion of destination regions, international tourism demand forecasting, climate change scenarios, and the impact of culinary brand equity and destination familiarity on travel intentions. Additionally, it explores antecedents of tourists' loyalty to a destination, motivations for sharing tourism experiences through social media, and the role of information and communication technologies in hospitality and tourism. The assignment also includes statistics from London and Visit Britain Campaign, highlighting the importance of understanding tourist behavior and decision-making processes.

TOURIST
DESTINATION

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INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism is the highest flourishing sector at present with average growth rate of
4% at present. In UK, at least 10% share to GDP is through travel and tourism sector. It further
supported economy in the year 2015 by generating employment opportunity for more than 266
million jobs. In order to avail these benefits in the long run, it is feasible for government and
tourism entities to focus on the development and protection of its tourist destination. It further
refers to a location where individuals go to experience the natural beauty, ancient buildings,
vibrant life and historical monuments of diverse nations. With the help of promoting and
protecting tourist destination, government will be able to attract maximum customers so as to
make more money flow in the economy. In this report, various aspects of tourism destination
will be studied with respect to TUI group. It is the world’s leading tourism entity. The diversified
operations of TUI group include travel agency, online sites, airline, accommodation, cruise lining
business, etc. In this report, statistics that determine tourism destination trends will be identified.
Further, evaluation of the way in which features of a tourist destination impact its appeal will be
provided. The features of developing and leading tourist destination will be compared.
TASK 1
1.1 Analysing main tourist destinations of the world
There are many destinations at present that drive interest of large number of visitors
every year (Mihalič., 2013). These destinations help in generating more revenues to the economy
while ensuring living standard of population increase progressively. From various surveys, it has
been identified that major destinations of the world are UK, France, China, Spain and Italy. The
detailed description of these destinations is explained with the help of tourism statistic which is
as follows:
Tourism statistics of United Kingdom
 UK is classified under world’s leading tourist destination in travel and tourism industry.
Large number of travelers visits various places in UK to experience the culture,
conventional values and life of common individuals (Bajs., 2015).
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 From the statistics provided by Office for Nationals, United Kingdom got 8th rank among
the biggest and most preferred tourist destinations of globe in accordance with the data of
frequency of travelers. Also, as per the expenditure level of tourists, UK is among top 10
international tourist destinations with number 8th position (Oppewal, Huybers and
Crouch, 2015).
 Total number of visitors in UK was estimated 36.115 million in accordance with the
statistics of year 2015.
 The major destination of UK is London that greets 15 million visitors every year.
However, in the year 2014, city welcomed 17.4 million travellers.
 In 2014, total revenue from tourism sector was £125.2 billion with major contribution
from per day visitors followed by outbound tourist (Hall and Page., 2014).
 UK also accounts for 3.5% of global international tourism receipts.
 The UK tourism generated 300,000 jobs since 2010 till now. (Pearce, 2013)
Tourism statistics of France
It is among the leading destinations of globe. Country is known for rendering the best
travel experience to customers. It has around 37 locations that are listed under World’s heritage
list developed by UNESCO and thus, characterise places with extreme cultural interest (Goodall
and Ashworth., 2013).
 As per the research, France was visited by 84.7 million international tourists in the year
2013.
 In the year 2012, sector directly provided a share of EUR77.7 billions to French GDP.
This share further constitutes contribution of 30% from overseas travellers and around
70% from the expenditure from domestic travellers.
 The total share of tourism sector of UK accounts for 9.7% of GDP.
 Tourism sector of France supports the employment to a high extent.
 From the study, it has been ascertained that travellers visiting France are increased with
2% in between the year 2014-2012 (Holden., 2016).
 Tourism industry of France also contributes in employment generation by supporting 2.9
million jobs.
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 It is the major destination of France is Paris which is also the third most travelled place of
globe.
Tourism statistics of Italy
 In accordance with the total number of foreign visitors, Italy is considered as the 5th most
travelled country. Total 48.6 million travellers visited Italy in the year 2014.
 Tourism of Italy is considered as the fastest growing and revenue generating sector with
approximate profit of €189.1 billion.
 Main interest of travellers visiting Italy is to experience culture, history, art, cuisine,
fashion, monuments, etc. (Peng, Song and Crouch., 2014)
Tourism statistics of Spain
 Spain is listed as the third most travelled nation of the world. In 2015, 68.1 million
travellers visited country.
 As per the calculations of profit within travel and tourism sector, Spain is positioned at
2nd number. In this respect, in 2013, sector gained €59.08 billion profits
(Rosselló and Santana-Gallego., 2014).
 Tourism sector of Spain supports the economic development of nation with share of 11%
of GDP of country. Also, international tourism of country accounts for second leading
segment in the globe.
 Spain has many cities that are listed under UNESCO world heritage site such as Avila,
Toledo and Alcala de Henares.
Tourism statistics of China
 It is the leading country that is famous for visitor’s attraction. The number of
international travellers in year 2010 was 56 million.
 At present the country is witnessing 14% growth in travel and tourism industry from
2010 till now (Sharpley and Telfer., 2014).
 The foreign exchange revenue with the help of tourism activities in year 2010 was 45.8
billion US Dollars (Telfer and Sharpley., 2015)
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From the aforementioned graph, it can be identified that famous city of UK, London; is
the major place where tourist expenditure is maximum.
1.2 Representing statistics provided to measure tourism destinations trends
It has been identified that travel and tourism sector is the highest growing sector at
present. Industry is playing a major role in boosting the economy. In order to maximize profits
and sales, administrative authority of countries is focusing on the development of tourism sector.
Lack of development of tourist destination can also lead dissatisfaction among tourists resulting
into fall in tourism of particular country or place (Ringer., 2013). Therefore, it is viable for
government to ensure proper consideration on destination like; statistics states that tourism of
London is increasing at a fast pace where it has reached 15 million travellers to 17 million in
2016. Therefore, government should ensure that there is proper availability of lodging and public
utilities to ensure convenience among tourists (Horng., 2012). There must be proper
consideration given on the safety and security of visitors in the host nation to improve their travel
experience and stimulate them to visit again in the future. Thereafter, promotional campaign can
be used to promote tourism in particular country such as visit Britain campaign which had a
positive impact on the tourism of cities like London, Glasgow, Manchester, Cambridge, Oxford,
etc.
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Further, statistics reveal that international tourism of France is growing mainly at present.
Therefore, it is feasible for government to consider the cross cultural differences while operating.
The local population can be trained to speak in different language and have knowledge about
diverse culture so that foreign tourists can be satisfied. From the study of recent trends, it has
been identified that there is increase in dependency on technology (Prayag and Ryan., 2012).
Therefore, digital techniques can be used to promote tourism. Concept of virtual tour can be used
to stimulate maximum number of individuals to visit a particular location. Virtual tour is the
concept that refers to simulation of present location which is usually composed of a series of
pictures and videos along with multi-media features like text, narration, music or sound effect.
Therefore, customers within their comfort zone can take virtual tour of different destinations and
plan their holiday (Munar. and Jacobsen., 2014).
TASK 2
IN PPT
TASK 3
3.1 Comparing the appeal of existing leading tourist locations with currently developing tourist
destinations
In the present task the comparison will be done between developed destination like that
of London and developing one like, Cuba. There are 3 million visitors that visit Cuba every year.
The country is known for its historic value among travellers. Therefore, there is great demand of
cultural tourism. It have many cultural sites such as Museum of the Revolution, Morro Castel,
Monumento a la Toma del Tren, El Templete are some historic sites that drive the attention of
maximum audience. Likewise, London is also known for sites that represent its appealing
historic values like, National Gallery, British Museum, Albert museum, tower bridge. The
climate of Cuba is tropical which is liked by tourist travelling from cold places. Further,
temperate maritime climate prevails in London (Goodall and Ashworth., 2013). The political
conditions of Cuba is not much stable. At present it is ruled by Communist party of Cuba. This
further cause threat among international travellers. On the other hand, in UK there is
constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system of administration which brings much
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stability in the political state of the nation. This is strong factor that help in ensuring London as
safe country for tourist (Jalilvand, and Samiei., 2012).
3.2 Analysing characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal with reference to Cuba
Cuba is the sovereign state consist the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la juventud. It is located
in the northern Caribbean. The official language of Cuba is Spanish. Further, Capital of Cuba is
Havana which lures attention of many visitors. Cuba is a economicaly stable country which is
supported through exports of sugar , tabacco ,coffee , which helpin generating large amount of
revenue. The other characterstics of tourist destination are as follows:
 Demographic condition- There are around 11.17 billion people in Cuba .Therefore its
population are divided more than half of people is mulatto (Law, Buhalis and
Cobanoglu., 2014). Along with this, there are significant number of Negro population
which are identify as black in Cuba. Overall, 11% population is comprised of Negro.
Moreover, white people ratio is 37% in Cuba which are part of the total population.
 Food- Due to Tropical climate in Cuba, people consume many different types of root
vegetables and fruits. Therefore, when people prepare dinner and suppers with the help of
vegetable and fruits that are grown in tropical conditions. The people of Cuba prefer
many types of food like fried prok skins, chicharrones, white rices, black beans and
Cuban sandwich. Such local food can be tasted by many tourist to experience Cuban
culture (Oppewal, Huybers and Crouch., 2015).
TASK 4
4.1 Discussing the issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations
Terrorism: It is main issue for management of TUI group because it effect on tourist places.
These types of terrorist attacks creates fear in the mind of the people. Due to this they do not
come to these places. Moreover, decreased in ratio of tourism which creates negative effect on
the business of TUI group and popularity of the place (Chon., 2015). Organization can solve this
issue by contacting to the security agencies to find out the possible areas of threats. This function
can helps the TUI Group to increase the customers. For Example – America attacks on
September, 2011 it created negative impact on this industry therefore it produced fear in mind of
people. This issue is one of the biggest issue prevailing within the industry hence it need to be
addressed carefully (Mihalič., 2013).
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Nature Calamity: It is another one of the dangerous issues prevailing within the tourism
industry. This type of issues like flood, earthquake, etc creates negative impact on
popularity of tourist destination and travelling sector, therefore it impact on high losses of
people and properties. For example Flood on Japan Tsunami created much loss of public
life and private property. It earlier was one of the leading tourism, destination place. These
kind of things narrow down the growing rate of economy (Bajs., 2015).
Environmental impact: It is the most threatening issue which affect the business of
tourism firms. This type of issues such as pollution, diseases also put restrictions on the
travelling of the visitors. Degradation of the environment and presence of pollution can
impact the most (Oppewal, Huybers and Crouch, 2015). In case many kind of diseases,
pollution spread at tourist sector then it will generate harmful impact on the firm and
people. For example, Ebola virus in West Africa, 2016 created a huge impact on public
health and diseases problems. Many tourism analyses various factors before going any
tourist places due to consideration of their safety.
Lack of resources: The scarcity of appropriate resources have direct impact on tourism of
country. These type of issues like infrastructure, accommodation, restaurants. Absence of these
resources will restrict the movement of people from one destination to another. An individual
would like to go for a place which is fully equipped with above facilities (Hall and Page., 2014).
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4.2 Discussing the potential for responsible tourism to improve the host community at world-
wide tourist destination
Responsible tourism can be regarded as the concept of minimizing the social and
economic impact on the environment. It identifies the position of the local host people and their
rights to action as a supporter in developing a sustainably and responsible tourism. The objective
of this approach is to reduce the negative affect of environment areas (Pearce, 2013). It will also
help in promoting their interest through enhance their living standard. In additional for this
tourism entities regarding to participation of host people in any decision related to the
destination. Thereafter more jobs can be offered to local people where they can trained to
recognize the tourist and improving relationship with them. It is focused on development of
sustainable tourism in the industry.
Industry can witness growth by responsible tourism .Further Organisation are required to
ensure that development of travel and tourism should not harm the environment. With the help of
sustainable tourism, firm can design which tour sit destination would provide better
sustainability to environment, society and economy at tourist places (Goodall and Ashworth.,
2013). According to current conditions, travellers also likes to visit tourist places which explore
sustainable tourism at different tourist and tourism destination. These concept contribute
effectively to maintain the natural climate for the long term. Including with this management of
TUI group is continuing its activities in these nation such as Cuba,Mexico etc by which helps in
supports to raising business of tourism industry across world. Therefore, management provides
health care services, foods as well as accommodations and better quality of facilities
transportations which helps in to raise local community at different tourist places of world wide.
It helps in TUI group to maintain its image in the mind of people and travellers (Holden., 2016).
Administration of TUI group is manage these problems or issues in regarding to terrorism
activities. These situation are sustain through various tourist destination. It involves in necessary
to reducing activities for saving life of nation international tourist and local community through
applying planning and approaches. So that TUI group to increase number of visitors from
different places because by using the advertising and providing better services (Peng, Song and
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Crouch., 2014). It is increasing in local people at every tourist places. Management needs to
solve out issues of health and safety of all travellers and it is also necessary to earn income at
different tourist destination with in travellers (Rosselló and Santana-Gallego., 2014).
CONCLUSION
Summing up the entire report, it can be concluded that travel and tourism sector is highest
growing sector at present. It has been identified that tourism industry is growing at international
level, Therefore, UK, France, Italy, Spain and China are some major tourist destination at global
level. However, the sector can be affected by various issues like, environmental impact, disaster,
natural calamity etc. The report also highlight that there is various difference in tourism in
developing and developed nation. On the basis of it, it has been identified that tourism in
developing country can be affected due to lack of availability of infrastructure etc.
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