Analyzing Tourism and Hospitality Research Papers

The given assignment requires students to analyze a collection of research papers related to tourism and hospitality management. The papers cover topics such as destination governance, tourist perceived value, and the quality of tourist destinations. Students are expected to extract key concepts, theories, and practices from these studies and provide a detailed analysis. This assignment aims to develop students' critical thinking and research skills in understanding the complexities of tourism and hospitality management.

Tourist Destinations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analysation of main tourist destinations and generators of the world in terms of visitor
numbers and income generation.............................................................................................1
1.2 Analysation of statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict future trends 2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations...........................................3
2.2 Features of developing and leading tourist destinations...................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Appeal of current leading tourist destinations with developing tourist destinations........6
3.2 Characteristics of a tourist destination impact its appeal.................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
4.1 Impact of popularity of tourist destinations......................................................................6
4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide tourist
destinations.............................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Tourists destinations have the ability to grab the attention of visitors. Under this there are
ample number of factors which needs to be considered in an appropriate manner in order to
attract consumers in huge number towards a destination (Beritelli, 2011). Tour and travel firms
are there in all over UK that helps it in enhancing economy of it by providing better job
opportunities to people who are in need. Apart from this, government also shows supports in
developing or increasing business of tourist companies. Thomas Cook which is one of famous
organisation of United Kingdom that deliver tour and travel services to visitors or tourists who
likes to visit new place is being taken under this report. Assessment is going to include various
things like analysation of tourist destinations, better understanding of culture, social and physical
endurance of destination. Along with characteristics and appeals of journey's end in order to
understand the belief of visitors. Lastly, it will show issues that stays and which affect popularity
of different tourist places.
TASK 1
1.1 Analysation of main tourist destinations and generators of the world in terms of visitor
numbers and income generation
United Kingdom, Australia, Europe, South Africa, India, are some of main countries that
generates most of its income through tour and travel business. UK is being stated as one of the
most popular nation for its tourist destinations that they have. Some of its states and cities like
London, Manchester, Cambridge, Glasgow, Birmingham are in high number of different
monuments, libraries, museum and so on that mostly visitors do likes to see. Most of them are
related to history therefore it is must for Thomas Cook to maintain their services accordingly and
right on time through which consumers do not faces any sort of issue in regards to this.
Attractive places like Tower of London, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, Birmingham
Palace, Royal Academy of Arts and so on are some of famous places that most of visitors to likes
to visit. Business, trade hubs and great education centres are there under the cities which is
helping them in growing at marketplace of all over world. Apart from this, companies like
Thomas Cook are also there which mostly delivers quality services to consumes which directly
help this country in catching eyes of people of globe who are willing to visit a whole new place
in short period of time (Beritelli, 2011).
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Apart from this, India which belongs to Asia and at the moment comes on third number
that has highest growing economical conditions. Most of the time, whenever it is being asked
about India from foreign people they admire culture that are being followed by Indian people.
They do have totally different culture from others countries which makes it unique in nature and
filled with various famous destination like Taj Mahal in Agra, Qutb Minar, The Red Fort, Lotus
Temple of Delhi and so on. Hindu religious has its own rituals which directly helps in attracting
tourists in much more effective and appropriate manner in huge numbers. Thomas Cook is
working in different business environments and offers various services to consumers of it. It is
much required for this company to rapidly look into areas and make strategies so that they can
fulfil all the needs and wants of them. Along with this, travel and tourism sector of this country is
helping companies of this section through delivering proper growth which is helping them in
enhancing its economical status. Delhi, Mumbai, Rajasthan are some of states and cities that are
much popular in all over world that mostly grabs the attention of visitors in high numbers (Chen
and Phou, 2013).
London – A city of United kingdom which majorly liked by tourists and around 15
million tourists visits this city every single year in order to look at different historical monuments
and to visit antithetic attractive places. Some of famous London attractions are: Hyde Park,
Thames River, London Eye, Big Ben, Buckingham Palace and many more. Revenue which was
generated was in the amount of 21.5 billion pounds in 2013. Apart from this, 31.2 million people
were majorly visited in the year of 2014 which automatically raised percentage of tourists to
6.4% from previous year.
India - Tourism sector of India plays vital role because it majorly puts positive impact on
economical conditions of this country. It has been computed by World Travel & Tourism
Council that travel and tourism sector of India generated around US$230 billion in the year of
2017 as profit and revenue. They have also given around 41.622 million jobs in the same year
which raised total employment up to 8%. It has been calculated that if this country's will keep on
generating revenue with this speed then in the year of 2028 their profit and revenue will be US
$480 billion.
1.2 Analysation of statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict future trends
Tourists plays a vital role in enhancing economical growth of a country. It is very much
needed to understand about the perceptions of visitors about a destination and make changes if it
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is required in order to enhance popularity of it in front of world. It is must for government to take
under the best private companies so that renovations can be done of historical places and to keep
them for a longer period of time which may aid them in increasing reputation of country among
business people or in front of global world. It is essential for these firms like Thomas Cook
consider all the trends or future trends so that better decisions can be taken in order to pull
visitors towards a tourist destination. United Kingdom is enclosed with various factors and these
are feelings, adventures, emotions and so on which has grabbed the attention of visitors in really
very huge numbers. Various cities like London, Manchester, Cambridge, Glasgow, Birmingham
are famous in all over world because of its products and services as well. Along side this, it has
great transportation facilities which may aid firms like Thomas Cook to provide information to
consumers through which they can visit one place to another. GPS system is one king of
invention which was introduced and changed everyone life. This gives information to customers
that where a bus stand or railway station is near to them. Along with this, it is mandatory for
them to look into different aspects so that better experience can be given to customers right on
time and in effective manner as well (Choi, Tkachenko and Sil, 2011).
Along with this, there are some other famous countries as well like Australia, France,
Italy and so on for its famous destinations. On the other hand, there are some other aspects as
well like weather conditions, historical places and economical conditions that can put both
negative and positive impact on future trends under travel and tourism sector. Along side this, it
is must for organisations like Thomas Cook to keep on looking into these aspects and make
proper determinations so that to grab competitive advantages at marketplace of domestic and
international level (Chon, 2015). Apart from this, it is important for this organisation to make
proper plan in order to understand about future planning so that to sustain at marketplace at
global level.
Year Total Amount of
Travellers
(million)
Expenditure
(Billion)
Average
expend each
visit
Average
expenditure
of nights
each visit
Foreign Cost Balance
(billion)
2003 24.15 € 14.25 €402 8.3 -€ 16.33
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2004 27.23 € 25.23 € 423 8.2 -€ 13.63
2005 29.45 € 12.36 € 456 8.3 -€ 14.22
2006 25.25 € 52.32 € 500 7.2 -€ 14.56
2007 30.12 € 25.32 € 521 7.4 -€ 14.57
2008 31.36 € 52.23 € 563 7.3 -€ 20.32
2009 31.45 € 96.12 € 589 7.8 -€ 21.36
2010 33.25 € 12.23 € 601 7.7 -€ 22.36
2011 33.85 € 45.21 € 621 6.3 -€ 14.63
2012 34.12 € 52.21 € 632 6.5 -€ 15.69
2013 35.96 € 12.32 € 655 6.2 -€ 18.96
2014 38.87 € 45.23 € 687 6.8 -€ 20.58
According to the situation it has been computed that number of visitors at UK is
increasing on a regular basis which is impacting positively on economical conditions on a regular
basis. Both National gallery and British Museum are being taken as two majorly famous place
that are rapidly making positive impact positively on economics. According to the data, in 2013,
approximately 6.7 million visitors visited the Britain Museum.
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TASK 2
2.1 Cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations
Under this, it is necessary to measure needs of loyalty of consumers. Research is helpful
to retain existing consumers and also their loyalty in an organisation. It will be helpful ion
attracting the large number of consumers through providing new opportunities to create at
market place. In each sector, product diversification is necessary and also plays effective role as
enhances range of products. In this, Thomas Cook Group provides many effective services to its
visitors or consumers so that they can retain at market place. So, for attracting the new
consumers it is necessary for firm to offering unique as well as attractive services. Thomas Cook
Group is largest tour operator firm and having business in all over the world. In addition to this,
social cultural and physical features of the tourist destination given below as above:
Cultural features- The culture of United Kingdom country is rich for its people or
tourists. This country provides many services of travelling to visitors and also keep them very
business through offering attractive destination places (Di Pietro, Di Virgilio and Pantano, 2012).
There are different types of historical and cultural sites which are regarded as cultural features of
destination, values, lifestyle, crafts and arts, local population, crafts, lifestyle of social, traditional
features and also different customers of the local society. Under this, there are different
resources included such as monuments, megaliths, museums, drink, festivals, music and also
food. The effective culture of any country attract large number of people. In context to this, there
are various rituals and also perspectives of various societies and they are connected with the each
other.
Physical features- If country has many attractive destination places to travel and also
geographic features like for an instance beaches, mountains, desserts and many other places, then
it is more attractive (Fernandes, 2011). The United Kingdom country has wide range of
destination place and people take interest in them. Some of the attractive destination places of
United Kingdom are Theme park, Yorkshire, Westminster Abbey, Flamingo and many other
places. On the other hand, in United Kingdom there is a need of conversation and these are
supply of water, transportation facilities , infrastructure and also sanitation. The lakes, flora and
fauna, mountains etc. includes in physical features which are regarded as geographical attributes
of destinations.
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Social features- Under this, social groups including local, national and also regional
communities of tourist attraction places which add some of the effective values in context to
social features of tourism. These types of features are influence in mind of visitors and also
insight related to social image of tourist destinations. Through different diversifications between
behavioural aspects and social features of societies, an actualisation of expectations are related
with the travel and tourism sector. This kind of aspect is necessary in order to developing welfare
of community. In context to this, needs and wants of today people are different from each other
and their interests are not same. So it is a responsibility of tour operator to provide the attractive
places on the basis of their interests. Through this sales and productivity will be enhanced in an
effective or better manner. Tourism has an importance to retain tourism destination. In regards to
this, local groups are more accountable for offering full experience to visitors (Fernández-Cavia
and et. al., 2014).
2.2 Features of developing and leading tourist destinations
Under this, it is necessary for tour operator to select only those destination places which
offering as well as generating the more profit. The process of planning as well as decision
making is effective for type of tour operator. In addition to this, main objective of Thomas Cook
Group is to expand its capacity and also cultivating opportunities through minimising any kind of
uncertainty. This kind of selection is based on market capacity of United Kingdom and also its
rich culture. If destination places are able to satisfying needs of tourists and it is attractive.
Government plays a necessary role in providing funds to make infrastructure of attraction places
better as well as effective. Legislation affect on effectiveness of destination as in rules as well as
regulation of policies of government which should be follow by each and every person in a
systematic and ethical manner (Hultman and et. al., 2015). As leading tourist destination and
developed country, United Kingdom country is selected as developed country and Nepal as
other. These both places have various specification which impact on appeal level made through
all attraction places in order to attracting the people. In United Kingdom, there are different
places like for instance The Isle of Skype, Torquay, Shakespeare's Globe,The Backs, Edinburgh
and many others. On the other hand Nepal has also different destination places such as Nagarkot,
Bhaktapur, Patan, Pokhara, Chitwan National park, Manang and many others. Through
considering all factors, there is a comparison of destinations:
Basis of Comparison United Kingdom Nepal
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Cultural feature United Kingdom is developed
country and having various
cultures as well as more
acceptability power for
welcoming and also accepting
visitors in country.
Nepal is a beautiful country
with full tradition and it offers
attractive quality of destination
places and also many effective
destinations.
Physical feature There are many different
attraction places in country of
United Kingdom and more
popular destination place sin
this country are The Isle of
Skye, Torquay, Holkham Bay
etc.
In this country, there are
different places which attract
tourists such as Pokhara,
Bhaktapur, Chitwan Ntaional
park and many others. Most of
the places are historical in this
country.
Social feature It consists differences in
customs as well as religions of
place. This country has more
acceptance for various religion
and cultures.
The main focus of Nepal is on
supporting as well as
promoting tradition. It is
developing country so there is
limited acceptance (Inwood,
2010).
Technological feature United Kingdom is developed
country and it adopts advanced
technology in its business to
offer effective quality of
services which can fulfil needs
of consumers or visitors.
Nepal is developing country
and using manpower as
comparison to adopting
advanced technology as
natural disaster has impacted
this country at large level.
TASK 3
3.1 Appeal of current leading tourist destinations with developing tourist destinations
Covered in PPT
3.2 Characteristics of a tourist destination impact its appeal
Covered in PPT
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TASK 4
4.1 Impact of popularity of tourist destinations
There are many different factors which impact on popularity of tourist destination. In
addition to this, it is necessary for Thomas Cook Group to determine all these components for
analyse attractiveness of destination places (WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE TOURISM?, 2015). Those
component which impact of popularity of the destination places given below as above:
Change in climate- It is necessary element which impact popularity of attraction places.
Climate exist in tourist destination. It is not essential that it will suitable or effective for each
kind of variations in the climatic situations of different destinations in a negative manner. It
impact traffic in a negative and positive manner (Laws, 2011).
Natural disasters- It is other effective component which impact on tourist destination.
When natural disaster taken place in country then it impact on each activity of country. From this
number of visitors are reduced.
Terrorism- In this modern ear, there are many terrorism related case comes and it
develop negative impact on visits which visit in this country. From terrorism attract, people fear
from any attract and it will also affect of productivity of country (López-Toro, Díaz-Muñoz and
Perez-Moreno, 2010).
Communication and transportation facility- Under this, there are many visitors which
have different needs and some of them like to visit the adventures sites but from the problem of
transportation they unable to travel this place. So, in addition to this, it is a responsibility of
Thomas Cook Group to provide transportation facilities to visitors so that they can travel in an
effective manner without any issue.
Hotel infrastructure and resources availability- Infrastructure also develop impact in
the mind of people. If an infrastructure of organization will be good then people will enjoy its
services in an effective manner and if in case infrastructure is not good or attractive then it will
develop negative impact on them. On the other hand availability of resources also impact on
quality of services as well as goods which are provide though travel company to tourists (Pandža
Bajs, 2015).
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4.2 Potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide tourist
destinations
Responsible tourism can be stated as an approach which is very much enclosed with
various involvements and engagements tourism sector of United Kingdom. The tourism planning
and development has three different impacts. These include economic, environmental and social
impact. Sustainability can maintained of companies like Thomas Cook so that to maintain
profitability of them in order to hit their targets right on time in much more effective and
appropriate manner (Rodríguez-Molina, Frías-Jamilena and Castañeda-García, 2015).
Away with this, Responsible tourism is pretty much gets affected with various things like
society, commitment towards environmental aspects and the integration of the local people in the
activities for tourist development. With the help of effective management it is very much needed
to keep on considering about all aspects in order to bettering the understanding needs to be done.
Overall the responsible tourism will benefit United Kingdom through:
 Impact are being reduced to zero that are related to economic, social and environment of
United Kingdom (Reza Jalilvand and Samiei, 2012).
 It helps in generating economic benefits form local people by providing them quality
services as per their needs.
 Enhancement of various sort of satisfaction which is related to tourists.
 It is necessary for firm to include the local people in the decision making which impact
on their life.
 Provide positive contribution to the cultural as well as natural heritage.
 Support of different private and public charitable trusts aid in cleaning all the monuments
and spreading awareness among visitors to keep the city clean on a regular basis.
Henceforward, it is must for different organisations under this sector to keep on making
alterations in all the policies that may aid them in hitting their own targets which will directly
help in attaining all goals and objectives in much more effective and appropriate manner. Thus
the role of government would be for the implementation of these plans and thus provide support
to the tourism industry by positively impacting the aspects and thus developing the tourism
industry in the country (Sartori, Mottironi and Corigliano, 2012). With the help of this, whole
London City that consists with jurisdictional boundaries will stop all the wastages that can put
impact on business of this country. On the other hand, it has also been analysed that responsible
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tourism may aid India as well through which it will stop visitors in littering garbage. Apart from
this, it has also been found that government is taking many initiatives which aiding travel and
tourism sector in hitting targets of this firm.
CONCLUSION
From above mentioned report, it is being concluded that there are ample number of
factors which should be kept in mind by companies so that to grab attention of visitors and of
business people in huge number. With the help of this, organisation can make great profit
through delivering services to them in an appropriate manner. In this report studied about
analysis of physical, cultural and social features of the tourist destinations. Issues which impact
on popularity of the tourist destination also discussed in this assignment. In United Kingdom
country, there are large number of people come from different countries of cities for travelling
from many purposes. In this report also studied regarding potential for the responsible tourism in
order to increase host community at tourists destinations in all over the world.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Beritelli, P., 2011. Cooperation among prominent actors in a tourist destination. Annals of
Tourism Research.38(2). pp.607-629.
Beritelli, P., 2011. Tourist destination governance through local elites: Looking beyond the
stakeholder level (Doctoral dissertation, Universität St. Gallen).
Chen, C.F. and Phou, S., 2013. A closer look at destination: Image, personality, relationship and
loyalty. Tourism management. 36. pp.269-278.
Choi, J.G., Tkachenko, T. and Sil, S., 2011. On the destination image of Korea by Russian
tourists. Tourism Management. 32(1). pp.193-194.
Chon, K.S., 2015. Traveler destination image modification process and its marketing
implications. In Proceedings of the 1990 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual
Conference (pp. 480-482). Springer, Cham.
Di Pietro, L., Di Virgilio, F. and Pantano, E., 2012. Social network for the choice of tourist
destination: Attitude and behavioural intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
Technology.3(1). pp.60-76.
Fernandes, C., 2011. Cultural planning and creative tourism in an emerging tourist
destination. International journal of management case. 13(3). pp.629-636.
Fernández-Cavia, J. and et. al., 2014. Web Quality Index (WQI) for official tourist destination
websites. Proposal for an assessment system. Tourism management perspectives. 9.
pp.5-13.
Hultman, M. and et. al., 2015. Achieving tourist loyalty through destination personality,
satisfaction, and identification. Journal of Business Research.68(11). pp.2227-2231.
Inwood, J.F., 2010. Sweet Auburn: Constructing Atlanta's Auburn Avenue as a heritage tourist
destination. Urban Geography. 31(5). pp.573-594.
Kim, Y.G., Eves, A. and Scarles, C., 2013. Empirical verification of a conceptual model of local
food consumption at a tourist destination. International journal of hospitality
management. 33. pp.484-489.
Laws, E., 2011. Tourist destination governance: Practice, theory and issues. Cabi.
López-Toro, A.A., Díaz-Muñoz, R. and Perez-Moreno, S., 2010. An assessment of the quality of
a tourist destination: The case of Nerja, Spain. Total Quality Management. 21(3).
pp.269-289.
Pandža Bajs, I., 2015. Tourist perceived value, relationship to satisfaction, and behavioral
intentions: The example of the Croatian tourist destination Dubrovnik. Journal of Travel
Research. 54(1). pp.122-134.
Reza Jalilvand, M. and Samiei, N., 2012. The effect of word of mouth on inbound tourists'
decision for traveling to Islamic destinations (the case of Isfahan as a tourist destination
in Iran).Journal of Islamic Marketing. 3(1). pp.12-21.
Rodríguez-Molina, M.A., Frías-Jamilena, D.M. and Castañeda-García, J.A., 2015. The
contribution of website design to the generation of tourist destination image: The
moderating effect of involvement. Tourism Management. 47. pp.303-317.
Sartori, A., Mottironi, C. and Corigliano, M.A., 2012. Tourist destination brand equity and
internal stakeholders: An empirical research. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 18(4).
pp.327-340.
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Žabkar, V., Brenčič, M.M. and Dmitrović, T., 2010. Modelling perceived quality, visitor
satisfaction and behavioural intentions at the destination level. Tourism
management. 31(4). pp.537-546.
Online
WHAT IS RESPONSIBLE TOURISM?, 2015. [Online]. Available through:
<http://responsibletravelnicaragua.com/what-is-responsible-tourism/>. [Accessed on
16th Oct, 2017].
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