Tourist Destination: Attitude & Behavior

The assignment delves into the topic of tourist destination perception, focusing on the influence of various factors on tourists' attitudes and their intention to visit or revisit a particular destination. It examines concepts like perceived value, satisfaction, motivations, and the role of 'push' and 'pull' factors. The provided references encompass scholarly articles and online resources that shed light on different aspects of tourist behavior and destination branding in the contemporary tourism landscape.

Tourist Destinations

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analysis of major tourist destinations in the world in terms of visitors...............................1
1.2 Analyse the statistics which determine tourist destination and future trends.......................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Analyse cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations explaining their
appeal to tourists.........................................................................................................................4
2.2 Compare features of developing and leading tourist destinations........................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Compare the appeal of current leading tourist destinations with that of currently
developing tourist destinations....................................................................................................6
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal..................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations...........................................8
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide
tourist destinations .....................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
In the business sector, tourism is one of most important elements which is growing on a
rapid speed and contributing in high manner in the economy of the country. In the recent years,
scope of tourism is growing and it has enhanced various factors like high disposable income,
development in lifestyle, high standard of living and providing employment in the growth of an
industry (Ahmad, 2013). Tourism sector has adopted various tools and techniques which are
helping them to attract customers and acquire market share in the economy of a country.
Destination is something which helps in providing services to the visitors and guests. In this
report, scope of worldwide tourism and their key elements will be discussed along with the social
and physical features of these tourist destinations. Apart from that, ways by which characteristics
of various destinations will affect the appeal to tourists will be highlighted. In addition, issues
which affect the popularity of destination places will be briefed in report as well.
TASK 1
1.1 Analysis of major tourist destinations in the world in terms of visitors
In the sector of travel and tourism, there is a MNC named TUI which is specialised in
providing services in travelling and trips like airlines tickets, retail stores, cruise ships, hotels and
many more in various places like Spain, Italy, France and many more. In the past few years,
people of UK have improved the standard of living and thus, it has made a better impact on the
visitors. More visitors have contributed towards the development of economic condition of
country. According to the report in 2014, 31.4 million was the approximate count of people who
travelled which drastically increased by 32.7 million travellers in 2015 which gives an idea about
the population of UK. Total study has shown that amount of visitors in UK is more as compared
to Thailand, China and Mexico (Armenski and et.al., 2011). In year of 2013, travellers who
travelled globally were approx. 177.9 billion which reduced to 177.2 billion in 2014.
France: France is all about vintage and historical places which attract a large number of
tourists as today's generation is more interested in knowing their ancestor’s history. In 2013,
France had 12 million visitors which rapidly increased up to 55.4 million by the end of 2014.
Turkey: It is one of the attractive places which is known for the ancient history and kings
who used to rule and their kingdom and others. Turkey is a place where the old generation
1

became modern. In 2013, number of travellers to this place were 37.8 million which took growth
up to 39.8 million by 2014. Improvement in graph led Turkey to gain development.
Thailand: It is a place where there are number of attractive resorts and beaches which
have number of things to watch. Mainly the young generation prefers to visit these places. The
number of travellers which were recorded in 2013 were 41.8 million people which reduced to
38.4 million in 2014.
Hong Kong: Due to the adoption of advanced technology, this place has attracted a huge
number of people. Their products and services provided are unique and effective which make
them to gain more customers. As compared to 2014 which recorded 32.5 million customers,
2013 had more which was 42.2 million people (Beritelli, 2011).
The income generation graph of various countries is described as below:
Rank Country Region Amount (USD billion)
1 USA America 103.5
2 Spain Europe 52.5
3 France Europe 46.3
4 China Asia 45.8
5 Italy Europe 38.8
6 Germany Europe 34.7
7 United Kingdom Europe 30.4
8 Australia Oceania 30.1
9 Hong Kong Asia 23.0
10 Turkey Europe 20.8
Basis United Kingdom Philippines
Visitor profile Domestic and business tourism Business tourism
Historic visitor number 13.5 million in 2016 1.61 million in 2016.
Income generated €103.5 billion €34.3 billion
Key tourist generator Tower of London, Chester Zoo, Manila, Boracay, Cebu, Bohol and
2

countries Kew gardens, Westminster
Abbey and many others.
many others.
1.2 Analysing the statistics which determine tourist destination and future trends
In the last decade, tourism has grown and made remarkable development in the economic
position of a country and many others. Exploring the trend of UK can be stated as the number of
travellers which are getting enhanced day to day and has been contributing in generating
revenues. London which is the most popular destination in UK has the high number of travellers
recorded 16.7 million followed by Manchester and other cities (Crouch, 2011). Due to high
education and attractive tourist places, it has acquired this much number of customers and thu,s it
has been contributing in significant growth of the economy.
Year Total number of
Travellers
(million)
Expenses
(Billion)
Average
expenses
each visit
Average
outlay of
nights each
visit
Foreign Cost
Proportion (billion)
2003 25.16 € 15.25 €407 8.7 -€ 15.45
2004 28.15 € 24.24 € 432 8.6 -€ 14.36
2005 27.58 € 13.47 € 465 8.4 -€ 14.12
2006 29.56 € 51.42 € 523 7.1 -€ 15.56
2007 30.12 € 26.32 € 531 7.2 -€ 14.55
2008 32.36 € 52.25 € 573 7.6 -€ 21.32
2009 33.65 € 98.12 € 598 7.7 -€ 22.63
3

2010 34.25 € 13.23 € 610 7.4 -€ 22.36
2011 33.85 € 46.31 € 612 6.2 -€ 14.63
2012 37.12 € 54.11 € 623 6.5 -€ 15.69
2013 34.96 € 13.42 € 654 6.2 -€ 18.96
2014 39.87 € 44.53 € 678 6.8 -€ 20.58
As per the research on last decade, it is the proof which shows that number of travellers
have been increased all over the world and have contributed in the generation of revenue and
development of living standard. In 2003, the graph noticed of the travellers were 24.15 million
customers (Datzira-Masip and Poluzzi, 2014). This have given that UK and Australia have most
of the travellers and tourism sector. It will avail in measuring the whole developing trade which
provide the best services to the visitors in effectual manner. In the past 5 years, 10% increment
was observed in GDP rate of UK and also enhanced employment by 5% in an effective and
efficient manner.
TASK 2
2.1 Analysing cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations explaining their appeal
to tourists Physical: London is one of the most attractive places which has number of tourist
everyday due to the presence of educational institutes and other historical monuments
which shows about the war which took place between many kings. By looking at the
report of the tourism sector it can be stared that London has approx. 16.7 million number
of travellers who visited London for various purposes and their contribution went up to
the 12 billion dollars in regarding the activities of tourism department. Therefore it can be
stated that the tourism sector is one of the highly essential element in developing the
4

economy of UK. Tourism sector does not only contribute into the driven of economy but
also helps business to grow like construction business, transportation, aviation, resorts
and hotel and many others (Di Pietro, Di Virgilio and Pantano, 2012). Approx. a million
people are engaged in travel and tourism sector directly or indirectly. Govt. should
innovate and introduce the new tools and techniques so that promotional activities can
take place and new unique things can be attract more amount of customers. Policies made
by the Govt. also plays an important role in travel and tourism sector.
 Social and Cultural: the major benefit from the tourism sector to the socio-cultural factor
is that it can provide seasonal jobs but it won’t be good for the person who is looking for
a permanent jobs. From the aspect of social and cultural view, the crafts and design
market can obtain growth and success which in turn will gain spotlight and will show the
better side of the cultural significance. This will attract the people who have more interest
in craft work of the historical places. Environmental impact is a complex part of the
tourism sector as it plays both positive and negative role in the economy and tourisms
sector. If the focus is on developing business opportunities then the natural life will be
affected in negative manner and if the focus is on preservation of natural elements then
the business process will be affected (Fourie and Santana-Gallego, 2011). Pollution and
waste discharge is also another element which is affecting the environment factors in
negative manner.
2.2 Compare features of developing and leading tourist destinations
Developing tourism is something which is very different from leading tourism and their
functions does not match as well. UK is considered as the developed nation of attracting in the
tourism sector whereas Philippines is under developing country in terms of attracting tourism
sector. UK has strong Govt. and the support of legislation in the tourism sector. There is huge
difference between leading and developing tourist destination on the basis of features which are
follows:
Leading tourist destination Developing Tourist Destination
More tourist can be attracted by the by UK
because they have many elements which can
Due to various natural calamites in Philippines
they faces huge amount of loss in finance and
5

draw the attention of travellers like beaches,
resorts and historical places.
historical places which pushes their economy
around 10 years back.
Maintaining healthy relationship with the
powerful countries including neighbour one as
well.
Even after having good relations with the other
countries, there finance sector is much not strong
and due to that they are not able to adopt the
latest technological structures (Frenzel, Koens
and Steinbrink, 2012).
There are number of natural and artificial places
in UK which can attract the attention of
customers.
Natural spots of the Philippines gets affected due
to the natural calamities and thus tourism is
affected.
Population of Britain and Govt. always greets
foreigners for visiting and stay.
Local people of Philippines migrates to another
country in search of job and home because
Philippines is an under developed country and
does not have much jobs to offer and also on that
natural disasters affects them.
Due to the good transportation network as
compared from other countries it satisfies the
visitors in maximum manner.
Unlike UK , there are not much good
transportation facilities in Philippines which can
provide comfortable stay.
Therefore, taking UK as leading tourism country and Philippines as developing tourist sector, it
is cleared from the above difference table that leading tourism which is UK has more customers
attraction elements but it as per the report of past decade it can said that Philippines is growing
on a emerging rate and contributing towards the economic development (Horng, And et.al.,
2012).
6

TASK 3
3.1 Compare the appeal of current leading tourist destinations with that of currently developing
tourist destinations
In order to compare the both the aspects to one another, example has been taken of UK
and Philippines. Both the destinations got the same features but they are different as per modern
scenario and customer appeal point and their comparison is described below:
Basis United Kingdom Philippines
Strength It is one of the largest
destinations in the world
which has approx 28.1 million
travellers every year. They
have advanced technologies
along with the historical places
and beaches which can attract
the customers.
It is located in Continent of
Asia and has been ranked on
5th position in terms of
environmental sustainability.
Major attractive points is that
Philippines has cloud forest,
Daraga and Silay which can
draw the attention of
customers.
Culture United Kingdom appeals with
the huge variety of literature
from Byron, Shakespeare and
Milton and many more.
Moreover UK is the house of
classical music like opera
house, Royal Albert Hall and
theatre along with museum,
historic architecture and
library and many more (Laws,
2011).
Philippines appeals for the
tourist who are looking for
exotic tourist destination which
have beaches and flaura and
fauna. Moreover they appeal
with their Filipino culture and
provide everything regarding
their culture like food, festivals
and many other.
Infrastructure UK has one of the finest range
of infrastructure as compared
to other Countries. They have
Philippines has poor
transportation facilities as
compared to UK in terms of
7

low crime rate and their
transportation facilities are
much better and comfortable
for the people and visitors.
roads, aviation and water
transportation. The crime rate
of this place and the task force
to handle it is much lower
nature of handling them
(Oliveira and Panyik, 2015).
Overall UK who have more affective
infrastructure, traditions and
adoption of latest technology
makes them much for effective
and drawing the attention of
customers in effective manner.
Philippines has more
diversification than UK but as
per infrastructure and other
things, this place does not have
much attractive elements as
compared to UK.
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal
There are various features which are considered by the tourist in order to its appeal and
below are described features of the tourist destinations appealing to the tourist visiting their
respective places:
 The major concern of of the tourists are the Crime rate of the place which they are
visiting so place with lower crime rate will be visited. United Kingdom has slower Crime
rate but the there is presence of pick pocketers specially in London (Pandža Bajs, 2015).
 Stakeholders of the tourism sector make the structure of publicity and sales promotion
would have the positive impact on the people and thus will bring the effect on tourism
sector. For example: recent events like Olympics and Paralympics game held in London
2016. London has effective promotional campaign tools and thus that led to high tourism
in London.
 It is highly essential for to offer the involvement from the higher authorities in order to
enhance the product and service life for the tourism activities so that more travellers can
be attracted in effective manner. In addition, there are centre made for getting
information and maps are being provided to the visitors and current location tracking
8

device specially in a place where there is highly developed areas (Prayag and Ryan,
2011).
 Exploration of economic activities needs to be done so that overall impact of tourism can
be obtained and it concluded that accelerative inflation and high currency exchange rate
may effect all the tourism activities.
 If there are high political activities which are not stable and terrorism activities will bring
the negative impact on the activities of tourism and thus UK is stated as most politically
steady nation with fewer chances of terrorism have made tourist to visit those places.
 Negative impact can be seen when there is over commercialization in the tourist
destination which is coming from domestic and international (Prebensen And et.al.,
2013). This will not affect the tourist person along with the local person who will not get
any kind of benefit.
TASK 4
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations
There are many issues due to which the popularity of destinations can be affected and
some of the important issues are described below: Change in Climate: Change in climate affects the tourism sector the most like if there
will be high tides and rainy season, there will be less number of tourist because it is not
necessary that everybody can adjust into same climate. Various places attracts someone
when there is snow but to some others summer ion beaches is appreciated (Saraniemi,
and Kylänen, 2011). Natural Disasters: Natural disasters mainly occur at large scale and affect the
productivity and economical condition of the country. Moreover there are high chances
that tourist place can be affected by that and thus it will affect the tourism in negative
manner. Political Issues: Govt. of a country makes some policies regarding the tourism sector and
thus those laws has to be followed by the tourist. This thing will affect the tourism sector
and travellers in negative manner if those policies are strict and does not mka them
comfortable (Shoval, Isaacson and Chhetri, 2013).
9

 Terrorism: It is a major concern for the people who are visiting another place as their first
priority is that they should be in a safe environment and thus getting that they will prefer
those places. The safe places will attract large number of tourists. Tourism Trends: There are trends which gets change in regular period of time like its a
trend that everybody wants to try out for new places where they can find new adventure
and that kind of places will improve the tourism factor. Communication and Transport Facilities: The places where there are effective
transportation facilities and effective communication between everyone, it attracts large
number of customers as it makes them feel comfortable and comfort is thing which a
person looks in holiday package (Tortella and Tirado, 2011).
 Infrastructure and Hotels: places which are the attraction point of people, it becomes
important for them to have good infrastructure so that people can get ease comfortable.
Things which will be required are hotels, smooth roads and many others.
 Quality of Services: The products and services provided to the customers should be of
high quality so that they can have the experience of luxury. Appropriate services should
be provided in order to enhance the number of tourists.
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide
tourist destinations
Effective activities of tourism will need the stakeholders to avoid the negative impacts of
the tourism in economy, social life and many others. Negative impacts should be reduced so that
negative impacts can be reduced and can let the economy obtain growth and success. Tourism
industry is responsible for providing employment to the people directly or indirectly and thus to
make tourism sustainable in nature. UK will provide high tourism so that it can create more
employment and other career opportunities for the domestic and international.
Several efforts are made by the UK I order to improve the and promote the natural
pleasant things and views and to balance the discipline in the Industry (Content Marketing for
Travel, Tourism and Hospitality. 2017). This way travel and tourism sector should be balanced
and will make way for high growth. Some of the benefits to the UK due to responsible tourism:
 To reduce the social, environmental and economic impact.
 Improvement in satisfaction of customers.
10

CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that tourism is one of the growing sector in an
economy. Tourism sector majorly contributes in providing economical development of a
country. There are various factors which are involved in attraction of people towards a place.
Tourism sector mainly affects the employment sector and provides jobs along with upliftment of
standard of living. This helps a country to achieve its basic goals and objectives that is
development of society and prosperity.
11

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Ahmad, A., 2013. The constraints of tourism development for a cultural heritage destination:
The case of Kampong Ayer (Water Village) in Brunei Darussalam. Tourism
Management Perspectives. 8. pp.106-113.
Armenski, T. and et.al., 2011. Destination competitivenes: A challenging process for Serbia.
Human Geographies. 5(1). p.19.
Beritelli, P., 2011. Cooperation among prominent actors in a tourist destination. Annals of
Tourism Research. 38(2). pp.607-629.
Crouch, G.I., 2011. Destination competitiveness: An analysis of determinant attributes. Journal
of travel research. 50(1). pp.27-45.
Datzira-Masip, J. and Poluzzi, A., 2014. Brand architecture management: The case of four
tourist destinations in Catalonia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management.
3(1). pp.48-58.
Di Pietro, L., Di Virgilio, F. and Pantano, E., 2012. Social network for the choice of tourist
destination: Attitude and behavioural intention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
Technology. 3(1). pp.60-76.
Fourie, J. and Santana-Gallego, M., 2011. The impact of mega-sport events on tourist arrivals.
Tourism management. 32(6). pp.1364-1370.
Frenzel, F., Koens, K. and Steinbrink, M. eds., 2012. Slum tourism: Poverty, power and ethics
(Vol. 32). Routledge.
Horng, J.S. And et.al., 2012. Understanding the impact of culinary brand equity and destination
familiarity on travel intentions. Tourism Management. 33(4). pp.815-824.
Laws, E., 2011. Tourist destination governance: Practice, theory and issues. Cabi.
Oliveira, E. and Panyik, E., 2015. Content, context and co-creation: Digital challenges in
destination branding with references to Portugal as a tourist destination. Journal of
Vacation Marketing. 21(1). pp.53-74.
Pandža Bajs, I., 2015. Tourist perceived value, relationship to satisfaction, and behavioral
intentions: The example of the Croatian tourist destination Dubrovnik. Journal of
Travel Research. 54(1). pp.122-134.
Prayag, G. and Ryan, C., 2011. The relationship between the ‘push’and ‘pull’factors of a tourist
destination: The role of nationality–an analytical qualitative research approach. Current
Issues in Tourism. 14(2). pp.121-143.
Prebensen, N.K. And et.al., 2013. Motivation and involvement as antecedents of the perceived
value of the destination experience. Journal of Travel Research. 52(2). pp.253-264.
Saraniemi, S. and Kylänen, M., 2011. Problematizing the concept of tourism destination: An
analysis of different theoretical approaches. Journal of Travel Research. 50(2). pp.133-
143.
Shoval, N., Isaacson, M. and Chhetri, P., 2013. GPS, smartphones, and the future of tourism
research. The Wiley Blackwell companion to tourism, pp.251-261.
Tortella, B.D. and Tirado, D., 2011. Hotel water consumption at a seasonal mass tourist
destination. The case of the island of Mallorca. Journal of environmental management.
92(10). pp.2568-2579.
Online:
12