Tourism Development and Challenges

This assignment delves into the complexities of tourism development within developing nations. It requires an analysis of global tourism trends, highlighting both positive developments and the unique challenges faced by these regions. Students are tasked with examining specific case studies to understand the impact of tourism on local economies, cultures, and environments. Furthermore, the assignment encourages critical thinking and proposes solutions for fostering sustainable and responsible tourism growth in developing countries.

Tourist Destinations

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK-1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 The main tourist destinations of the world in terms of numbers and income generation 1
1.2 The latest trends in tourist destination and prediction of future trends............................3
TASK-2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 The culture, social and physical features of tourist destinations......................................3
2.2 Comparing features of developing and leading tourist destinations................................4
TASK-3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Comparison between current leading destination of tourism with developing tourist
destinations: ...........................................................................................................................6
3.2 Characteristics of a tourist destination that affect its appeal..........................................11
TASK-4..........................................................................................................................................15
4.1 Issues that affect popularity of tourist destinations........................................................15
4.2 Potential of tourism to enhance the host community.....................................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is an essential sector that has an impact on development of country’s economy.
The main advantages of tourism are that it creates jobs for many unemployed people across
globe and is also a good source of income creation (Kim, Holland and Han, 2013). It is also
considered as an important source of welfare for many regions and countries. The travellers or
visitors select different destination for their travel. Based on their likes and preference these
destinations are selected by them. The main objective of tourism industry is to provide its
travellers with best experience while visiting these destinations.
This report will represent the five well-known tourist destinations of the world in terms of
income generation and numbers. The latest trendsin tourist destinations will also be presented
with this report. In this report the social, culture and physical features of tourist destination will
be shown. A comparison between developed and leading destination of tourist will also be
shown in this report. This report will also represent the issues that affect popularity of tourist
destination.
TASK-1
1.1 The main tourist destinations of the world in terms of numbers and income generation
When a country has many tourists, that are visiting these places then it is termed as
tourist receding country. For an instance if any visitors like to visit UK then it is known as tourist
receiving country. In the world, the major tourist receiver country is France has it has the highest
numbers of visors that are visiting each year (Komppula, 2014). The country is known as
tourisms generator country when the tourist is generated from that particular country. Suppose if
the visitors that are visiting USA are more in number than it would be termed as tourist
generating country. The highest number of tourist are choosing Germany as for travelling so it is
the biggest tourist generating country. Every year many tourist visitors Germany for global
destination.
For the tourism receiving countries the below given statistics can be considered
Rank Country Location
market
Visitors
visiting
Visitors in
2013
Change 2010
to 2014
1 France Europe 75.7 m 75.7 m 0.0 %
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2 USA America 58.3 m 56.2 m 8.3 %
3 China Asia 54.6 m 50.3 m 9 %
4 Spain Europe 51.6 m 51.6 m 1 %
5 Italy Europe 42.6 m 42.1 m 0.6 %
6 UK Europe 28.0 m 28.1 m -0.1%
7 Turkey Europe 23.8 m 21.8 m 5.6%
8 Germany Europe 23.2 m 21.3 m 10.2 %
The next table will show the income that is generated by these all countries. The
largest income will be shown at top and the lowest income generated country will be shown at
bottom of table.
Rank Country Region Income generated
1 USA America 102.5
2 Spain Europe 50.5
3 France Europe 45.2
4 China Asia 44.6
5 Italy Europe 37.8
6 Germany Europe 32.7
7 United Kingdom Europe 30.2
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Illustration 1: : TOURISM TREND IN ITALY

From above , it is clear that there is a continuous rise in the tourism trend in Italy.
From above, it can be seen that the figures are significant, which means tourists are interested in
this.
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Illustration 2: TOURISM TREND IN GERMANY
(Source: CBRE,2018)

Due to increase in fare, USA found a tremendous decline. The government has to take
suitable steps for this.
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Illustration 3: UNITED STATES TOURIST ARRIVAL)
(Source: CBRE,2018)

5
Ill
ustration 4: TOURISM TREND IN UK
(Source: CBRE,2018)
Again this is showing negative trend due to economy problem. For this suitable steps have
to be taken.

The above graph depict the tremendous increase in tourism in china due to affordability.
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Illustration 5: TOURISM TREND IN CHINA
(Source: CBRE,2018)

From both of table which is show above on can conclude that the major tourist receiving
country is France. However, on other hand the highest income generating country from activities
of tourism is USA (Mowforth and Munt, 2015). The number of visitors that are visiting France
are higher because the latest trends in fashion are followed at France and also the architectural
design are attracting more number of tourist that after visiting. Millions of international and
domestic tourists are served by tourism in USA. The USA stands at 2nd position as number of
tourist are interested in visiting natural wonders and entertainment venues. Also, the distance of
USA is also far from major tourist generating counties and the visits to the USA are also highly
costly (Pearce, 2014).
In terms of number of travellers that are visiting UK stands at the 6th position and stands
at 7th position in terms of income generating form tourist activities. For its attractive tourist spots
UK is famous. The highest number of tourist spots are there in UK and is one of the engaged city
of the world. The most visited attraction of the country is Tower of London. A lot of money is
invested by UK in order to ensure that the sites of leading tourism are maintained well and good
shape of areas around these sites are there through good hotels and services of hospitality.
1.2 The latest trends in tourist destination and prediction of future trends
All around the globe the activities of tourism have shown a great growth. Through
activities of tourism huge amount of revenue is earned many countries such as china, USA,
France, UK etc. The major counties that are responsible for activities of tourism are China,
France, UK and Italy. For each tourist destination, the number of visitors that are visiting are
increasing in numbers day by day. In the UK, London is a well-known tourists' destination. In
the year the number of visitors that visits this destination was 16.5 million. As the number of
institutions of education, business locations and historic monuments are more in numbers so the
number of visitors that are visiting are high. The education institution is preferred by most of
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tourist today so they want to visit London for this. The government of UK also pay attention to
activities of tourists (Pike and Page, 2014). The government want that more number of tourist
should visit the county so that income generated is more from their visit. By tourism activities in
UK employment is also provided to a large people. In the tourism sectors in UK there would be
significant growth as the tourism of UK provides all facilities and lifestyle that is preferred by
today's consumers.
For the tourists that are visiting UK the games such as Olympics and Para Olympic have
provided major attraction large number of people will be attracted if there are similar events that
will be held in the future. There are chances that in the future, London will have around 230
million tourists from which 16 million will be from international origin. This will be the high
source of income for UK. In order to promote UK as an ecotourism place several organizations
of Eco-tourism helping UK. This will help the country to have more number of tourists from
different countries of the globe. In order to enhance both domestic and international tourism of
the county government is focusing on development of coastal-resort (Telfer and Sharpley, 2015).
TASK-2
2.1 The culture, social and physical features of tourist destinations
In the UK, London is the most visited tourist destination. London is visited by both
domestic and international visitors as it compromises various attractions. In the year 2013 more
than 15 million overseas tourists visited London. The economic significance of London is good
as it contributes net 17 billion dollar towards economy of UK. So, for the development of
economy of London tourism is considered as one of the primary factors. The net revenue that is
generated by tourism in London is through exhibition and shopping that is done by tourists who
visit this destination. For a huge number of people, it provides opportunities of employment. The
rates of unemployment have also been reduced due to tourism activities in this country. In near
future, a huge benefit will be there as the governments is also taking initiative in order to
promote London as world destination for tourists. For this government of this country is
spending money for online advertisement so that people may come to know about hospitality
services of London (Volgger and Pechlaner, 2014).
From the perspective of social benefits London-tourism will also be benefited. Number of
visitors get attracted due to social factors. For an example tourism of London is source of
cultural understanding and peace. In order to provide the visitors with better understanding of the
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developing culture the peace proves is exchanged with the undertaking of culture of the host
tourist country. From this industry of tourism, the local community is benefited greatly. The
local business that are situated in London are benefited from this tourism activities. The business
included food, apparel is benefited from it (Tourist destination in UK, 2017).
large seasonal employment for the peoples that are living in this country is provided by
this industry. For students that are studying in UK a great benefit is also provided to them. The
cultural aspects of London will enhance as growth of craft and design aspects in London.
Both positive and negative impact on environment will be there. The roads, maintenance
of historical -monuments will be there due to tourism in the country. The monuments and roads
will be maintained and repaired at regular time -period in order to make it attractive for visitors
that are visiting. As well as on the other hand there will be some negative impact in environment
will be there a swell such as discharge of wastes, pollution and soil erosion etc ( Zehrer and
Tschiderer, 2014.). The London eye, the tower of London and many other's comes in the
category of physical factors of the destination place for tourism in London. Tourists are attracted
towards such appealing destination place and so multiple-visits to London is made by them in
order to visit these places.
2.2 Comparing features of developing and leading tourist destinations
The developing country that can be considered is India and the destination of tourist ois
Taj- Mahal that is situated at Agra and it comparison will be done with London which is a tourist
destination of the present developed countries. The comparison will be done on the basis of
infrastructure of both these destinations. The elements of infrastructure such as roads, industry of
construction, travel industry and airline industry etc will be compared. By doing comparison of
all these factors of infrastructure, it can be said that London tourist’s destination supports much
better tourists' destination in comparison to Agra in India. In order to promote London tourism in
terms of branding, government of London and other stakeholders has taken many initiatives and
interest to attract more number of business tourists in the city and with this sector can earn more
due to visit of business tourists. Among the potential visitors the awareness about crucial
elements of cultural and heritage are bestowed with help of offline as well as online activities
(Zhang and Lu, 2014). In branding London via online media some websites are also made which
are helping in it. In India, the attempts are also made by government in order to promote tourist
destination. But in comparison with London India is lack behind as the efforts for bra ding via
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British media is done much better in comparison with India. More efforts need to be done by
India in order to promote its branding.
Both developing and developed countries is affected by the purpose of tourism. The
purpose of tourism in India is mainly for pleasure that will bring seasonality of the Indian
industry of tourism. However, on other hand in comparison with London the leisure, heritage,
business, education etc are different purpose of tourist destination in London. The main goals of
London do destination is to make their destination as a complete-perfect destination for the
visitor. In order to preserve historic monuments a high focus has been put on by London in their
historic monuments. However, on other hand a high effort is required by India in order to
preserve their historic monuments (Komppula, 2014).
The tourism in developed country in considered as a different industry so a lot of
investment is done in maintaining and managing their monuments and buildings. However, in
comparison with developing nation tourism is considered as an additional source of revenue and
so the maintenance of these tourist sites is not up-to mark. In developing countries such as India
tourism industry is not considered as a stable source of income. In such countries, the operators
of tourist are less. The satisfactions of job are less in this as they do not receive the salary at
proper time for their job. The key difference between theses tourism is communication skills.
Between local and tourists in UK the communication is not an issue but people that are saying in
India and other developing nation could not interact property with tourist as they face language
issues.
The significance of culture is low in developing countries and about the rich culture of
three nation people are ignorant. The proper marketing need to be done by government of those
countries in order to ensures that people are ware about their rich culture and heritage sites (Kim,
2014.). The tourist in India is hindered due to not proper facilities of transport and lack of
maintenance.
A wide range of tourist attraction is provided by India as it has rivers, seas, forests etc.
But the connection of these sites is not done properly. There is low transport facilities as the size
of country is big. The beaches and riverside are polluted with wastes and are not cleaned. This
making these places unhygienic for tourists. The initiative need to be taken by government to
keep these places neat and clean.
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From the graph depicted above it can be seen that, the countries have to follow rules and
regulation adopted by the government which they are not following for the sake of their benefit.
One has to maintain all these standards to keep the users satisfied and to provide them with the
comfortable services. No discrimination should be there regarding any demographic region to
serve them in a proper manner.
TASK-3
3.1 Comparison between current leading destination of tourism with developing tourist
destinations:
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The tourist that visitors UK are interested in the Scottish mountains, lake district etc .The
original Indian culture is followed at India .However, in UK a wide range of literature is
introduced for people. Such as Byron, Milton etc. A lot of visitors are attracted towards age -old
tradition of UK. The national roads in India are not properly maintained and it conditions is poor
and facility for public transport is also not so developed. The tourist that are travelling to India
are not so happy with transport-facility. However on other side the roads of UK are well-
maintained and are highly developed .The public transport such as buses ,trains and airports also
highly developed. The tourist that are visiting are happy with transport facilities of the country.
The rates of crimes is less at both of the places. There is an impressive task-force in UK.
However, in India there is not so impressive task-force.
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Destination – In summers the climatic condition of UK is far better in comparison with India. In
UK the tourist places are more natural in comparison to India so tourists found that place more
appealing to visit
Economic factor –The international tourist that are visiting UK are more in numbers as it is an
industrial country and many business are globally expanded over here. However in comparison
with India the number of travellers that are visiting country are less than around the world
business is not so expanded.
\
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Behaviour of people - The local people are not bale to communicate properly with tourist that are
visiting their place. By the local people the tourists are not welcomes .So, they indulge in wrong
activities that reduced the number of tourists in those places. While on other hand, in developed
countries local people are more friendly and helpful towards tourist that are visiting their places.
This friendly and helpful behaviour attract more number of tourist to visit their places.
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3.2 Characteristics of a tourist destination that affect its appeal
Economic factor- The country in which the business is expanded and spread across globe will
have more number of people who will visit their places for purpose of business and meetings.
Cultural factors - For an instance in china there have been shown a massive growth of
about 6% .This is due to their different and rich culture. Even though the pole do not have a
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fluency English bout since their sites are strong this growth is achieved by them. In order to
know more about china's history more and more people visits these place multiple times.
Physical characteristic - The talents such as art are and craft need to be promoted .With this the
benefit to both locals and tourist will be there through tourism. In order to remove any barriers
that are there training need to be given to people so that all barriers that are coming in this sector
can be removed.
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Social factors - The talents such as art are and craft need to be promoted .With this the benefit to
both locals and tourist will be there through tourism. In order to remove any barriers that are
there training need to be given to people so that all barriers that are coming in this sector can be
removed. More and more opportunities of jobs will be given .
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Political factors - Among leading tourist destination the country is ranked in 7th or 8th position.
The political factors is drawback for this as in UK the taxation system is not similar to European
countries such as France and Germany. In UK tourism is very costly. It is not easy job to get a
visa for this country and the process to get a visa is also complicated and difficult. In UK all
these things makes tourism of this country sometimes complicated and to a considerable extent it
reduced the number of tourism. The major threats in UK is there due to terrorist attacks ,riots and
political instability . This all factors can reduce the number of tourist that are visiting UK.
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TASK-4
4.1 Issues that affect popularity of tourist destinations
The following are the main issues that affects the popularity of tourism destinations
Terrorism – To a large extent terrorism hampers tourism. In the UK, the famous attack London
bridge attack was one of the biggest attacks that took place. Due to the attacks that is taking
place in UK, the number of visitors that is visiting the famous places are decreasing in numbers.
(Terrorism in UK , 2017). The tourist prefer places where the chances of terrorist attacks are
less. They want to make their travelling secure so less crowed places are selected by traveller
when planning or destinations. A lot of damage is caused to population due to these attacks that
is taking place across globe.. These attacks have created a fear among people as they visit
destination for their pleasure and not to get into any problems while visiting this destination.
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Illustration 6: London bridge terror attack
UK
(Source: London bridge attack , 2017.)

Climatic condition – The climatic condition of destinations can affect the popularity of that
particular destination. For an instance in month of July and august the number of visitors that are
visiting UK are more in number in comparison with months of December to February. This is
because of climatic conditions (Iqbal and González, 2014). The winter weather in UK is not so
good and is not favourable for tourism so less number of people are visiting this place during this
time. But summers are pleasant so more number of people are there from different region to
spend their holidays at this destination.
Despite all this the domestic and international tourists are manged efficiently by UK and
large numbers of terrorist from across globe are visiting it. In order to make UK the top most
destination of the world the government need to look at all these factors.
The tourism industry in UK is affected by adverse exchange rates and high rates of
inflation. So, due to this the international tourists that are visiting UK spends less amount as the
strong pounds makes foreign currencies low. The political stability is there due to all forms of
social riots. So, among the tourist bad image is formed of London due to these riots. The
increasing pollution also impact this industry. The negative effect environment is there due to
high level emission of carbon dioxide (Chen, Chen and Okumus, 2013) . All these factors create
a negative impact on the environment. Ans today visitors are more attracted towards sustainable
destination where pollution is less and also the emission of carbon footprints from industries are
low.
4.2 Potential of tourism to enhance the host community
.The easy access to facilities is generally demanded by international visitors. The high
standard related to toilet and washing faculties need be made. A good signage, good maps and a
well -serviced campsites are demanded by most of the visitors. There are chances that
international visitors will increase in next 5-6 years whereas the number of domestic visitors will
remain same. For the international visitors the pressure will be there to enhance and improve
facilities. In order to maximize the benefits in tourism industry it is essential to reduce dangerous
impact of tourism on economy, social life and culture(Carlisle and Tiffin, 2013.).The positive
impact on economy can be crated by responsible tourism .This would develop more job
opportunities and through higher purchases it will develop local business. In order to minimize
poverty united world tourism organization promotes tourism and in tourism industry global
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ethics is also imposed by united world tourism. On issues such as drugs, child sex tourism etc
are focused by reasonable tourism in united kingdom (Kim, 2014.). Through Eco-tourism the
factors such as awareness on environment, positive -experience on tours etc are focused. The
factors such as developing awareness about environment ,financial support for conservations etc
are provided by eco-tourism. There are about 28 cultural and naturals heritage sites that are
working towards tourism in country. The green dragon and new forest are some of these sites.
Towards responsible tourism UK is leading bout the natural beauty of UK need to be promoted
and in tourism industry discipline need to be maintained. This way in tourism industry ethics will
be sustained.
CONCLUSION
Thus, summing up the above report it can be concluded that tourist destination plays an
essential role for tourists who visits this destination. It needs be made attracting and appealing
for them to visits. France is mostly preferred by most visitors as it is on the top most position and
in terms of income generation USA is at leading position. The destination of France is preferred
as it has the latest fashion trends that is followed over there. UK ranks at 7th position in ranking
and in comparisons with developing countries like India its infrastructure, transport facilities etc
are far -more better. The number of visitors that are visiting destination are affected due to
terrorism attacks, climatic conditions and high inflation rates of UK. The responsible tourism is
taking initiative in order to help people and needs people across globe and is also helping them to
improve their life conditions.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Carlisle, S. and Tiffin, S., 2013. Supporting innovation for tourism development through multi-
stakeholder approaches: Experiences from Africa. Tourism Management. 35. pp.59-69.
Chen, H.J., Chen, P.J. and Okumus, F., 2013. The relationship between travel constraints and
destination image: A case study of Brunei. Tourism Management. 35. pp.198-208.
Iqbal, M.S. and González, M.C., 2014. Development of origin–destination matrices using mobile
phone call data. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 40. pp.63-74.
Kim, J.H., 2014. The antecedents of memorable tourism experiences: The development of a scale
to measure the destination attributes associated with memorable experiences. Tourism
management. 44. pp.34-45.
Kim, S.H., Holland, S. and Han, H.S., 2013. A structural model for examining how destination
image, perceived value, and service quality affect destination loyalty: A case study of
Orlando. International Journal of Tourism Research. 15(4). pp.313-328.
Komppula, R., 2014. The role of individual entrepreneurs in the development of competitiveness
for a rural tourism destination–A case study. Tourism Management. 40. pp.361-371.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and
new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
Pearce, D.G., 2014. Toward an integrative conceptual framework of destinations. Journal of
Travel Research. 53(2). pp.141-153.
Pike, S. and Page, S.J., 2014. Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A
narrative analysis of the literature. Tourism management. 41. pp.202-227.
Telfer, D.J. and Sharpley, R., 2015. Tourism and development in the developing world.
Routledge.
Volgger, M. and Pechlaner, H., 2014. Requirements for destination management organizations in
destination governance: Understanding DMO success. Tourism Management. 41. pp.64-
75.
Zehrer, A. and Tschiderer, F., 2014. Leadership networks in destinations. Tourism Review. 69(1).
pp.59-73.
Zhang, H. and Lu, L., 2014. Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. Tourism
Management. 40. pp.213-223.
Online
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Tourist destination in UK. 2017. [Online] Available through: <http://www.touropia.com/best-
places-to-visit-in-the-uk/>.
Terrorism in UK. 2017. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/oct/17/uk-most-severe-terror-threat-ever-
mi5-islamist/>.
London bridge attack . 2017. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/uk-on-high-alert-after-london-bridge-
incident/news-story/3fdc4f838a8abc9dfc1f20b7a6b08460/>.
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