Tourism Destination Image and Structure

This assignment delves into the concept of tourism destination image and its structural representation. It examines various research papers exploring models used to analyze tourism destinations, including their image formation, visitor motivations, and behavioral intentions. The papers delve into topics like affective and motivational evaluations of destinations, chaordic characteristics, destination leadership, and sustainable business models for responsible tourism. Additionally, the assignment considers the influence of past experiences, tourist involvement, and cultural landscapes on destination perception.

Tourist Destination

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
1(a). Major tourist destinations from UK and Hong Kong and major income generators.....4
1(b). Prediction of future trends of tourist destinations in identification of growth and
declining in market.................................................................................................................6
..........................................................................................................................................................7
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
2(a). Analysis of cultural, social and physical features of two developed tourist destinations
and features of appeal for different types of visitors..............................................................9
(b) key characteristics of such four destinations and impact of these characteristics on appeal
of different visitors...............................................................................................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................13
(a) Impact of Political factors upon the number of visitors and income generation capacity 13
(b) Contribution of responsible tourism regarding positively hosting their communities.. .14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
.......................................................................................................................................................18

INTRODUCTION
A destination can be called any place which is build man made and through any natural
process having the power to attract large number of individuals. It can be of any resort, town,
region within the country or any whole nation. Travel and tourism is considered as most
important factor which helps in development of country. This will be considered as one of the
important source of income which contributes in development of economy. Tourist destinations
are such famous man made and natural places which attract large number of individuals towards
their beauty. Tourism activities are conduct on two levels which are domestic and global. It also
pays an important role in development of society and infrastructure. In attraction of individuals
and tourist, Government develop large number of facilities like transportation, communication,
hotels etc. Large number of employment opportunities are also initiated with the increase in
tourism sector which provides opportunities to individuals of country to generate income and
improve their living standard (Ashton, 2014). It brings high flow of cash in an economy through
foreign investments, tax in come etc. The major sources which contributes in income generation
for such tourist destinations are improvement in income level of individuals, advancement in
Aircraft technologies, large availability of transportation facilities, increase in leisure time,
education, involvement of large number of tour operators and providence of cost efficient
holiday packages. Different tourist destinations have their own different characteristics. Such
characteristics are of main four types. Firstly, Major cities which attract the tourist due to having
good political, cultural, historical and social centres. Developed traditional centres which are
having town or villages as their core destinations. Touring centres which are grown on small
locations and providing large number of secondary activities. Purpose built resorts which are
mainly designed for the purpose of attraction of the large number of tourists. Such resorts having
all the facilities which are located near to a city. Generally destinations are categorised into three
groups. First, seaside destinations includes all the places and resorts which are established near
beaches. Second, Rural destinations includes mountains, lakes, farms, village holidays, river,
wildlife parks etc. Lastly, urban destinations includes major and big cities. A success of any
tourist destination depends upon number of tourist which are going to visit such place in a year.
The major three factors which helps in increasing the number of tourists are facilities, attraction
spots and accessibility (Beritelli, Strobl and Peters, 2013). UK and Hong Kong are two major
tourist destinations where large number of people visit to saw their natural and man made

destinations. But many challenges are also faced in development of such destinations like lack
of utilities, poor transport etc.
In the present report explain about, number of visitors increase or decrease in UK and
Hong Kong tourist destinations in last five years and major sources of income, future trends of
tourist destinations regarding identification of growing and declining in market. Also, cultural,
social and physical features of two developed tourist destinations, key features of two tourist
destinations and their impact on attraction of different types of visitor.
TASK 1
1(a). Major tourist destinations from UK and Hong Kong and major income generators
Disney land is one of the famous destination of Hong Kong which is most liked by
children's. It is conceived that large number of tourists which are visit to Hong Kong are
families. On other hand, British Museum is one of the man made tourist destination which
attracts the large number of individuals (Chen, Chen, and Lee, 2011). Mostly, persons which
are come to UK are Business visitors as the industrial activities are large in number in
comparison to Hong Kong. There are large number of factors which are working s source of
income generator for both the tourist destination countries. Similarly, there are many motivators
are present which influence the behaviour of tourists attraction towards such famous
destinations. From last 5 years data of visitors in London, observed that tourist industry is
growing with the rate of 12%.
Major income generators
In today's world, there are many factors are generate or improved which helps in
development of tourism and their income generation power. Such sources are mentioned below:
 Increases in Disposable income: As large number of entrepreneurial activities are
provide by organisation which helps in generation of employment opportunities. This
provides opportunity regarding earn more income to make their lives more better. This
contributes to spend more on their holidays to explore new destinations.
 Improvement in Aircraft technologies: Aircraft industries are developed as per time
changes. This includes about increase in number of flights, trips and capacity which helps
to carry large number of persons on one time. It is also now economical to travel through
flights which increases number of tourists (Crouch, 2011).

 Growth of Tour operators: As the large number of tour operators are working in
present scenario which provides holiday packages to consumers. They plays an huge role
in attraction of tourists because they provides various discount offers and financial help
to tourists (Del Vasto-Terrientes, and et. al., 2015).
Major sources of income for Disney Land
 Media networks: There are many channels from it earns large number of income such as
ABC, Disney channels, ESPN etc. The amount which is earned is $23.51 billion dollars.
 Parks and resorts: Another major source from which large amount of fund comes
includes their parks and resorts. Through their different activities it emerges as most
popular theme park. The amount which is earned from their business operations includes
$18.42 billion.
 Studio entertainment: This includes about amount which is comes from their release of
films. It is around $ 8.38 billion.
 Consumer products and interactive products: There are many products are launched
for their customers. The amount which gathered from this sources is about $ 4.83 Billion.
Major source of income for British Museum
 Admissions in British Museum: One of the major source from the large number of
income is generated by British Museum is from the visitors which comes to see museum
as entrance fee.
 Government grant: Another sources from the funds are comes towards British Museum
is governments departments of Culture, Media and sport. The amount which received by
Museum in form of aid includes £39.7 million revenue and £ 13.9 million capital.
Major motivators for tourists
 Personality: It includes about the nature of tourists in selection of destinations. Some
people like adventures destinations and some likes safe places to visit. UK and Hong
Kong both are safe and developed places which attract most of the business visitors and
children's.
 Image: This includes about development of the image in between the society. This force
individuals to choose such destination which becomes social status for them.
Number of visitors visit Disney Land and British Museum in past five years
Years Attendance in Millions in Disney Attendance in Millions in British

Land museum
2011 5.23 5.5
2012 6.25 5.9
2013 7.4 6.3
2014 7.61 6.6
2015 7.92 6.7
2016 6.1 6.5
1(b). Prediction of future trends of tourist destinations in identification of growth and declining
in market
Determination of qualities of destinations helps in identification of trend which provides
the overview about growth and declining of the tourist market. The main two tourist destination
which are analysed to understand about future trends in tourism sector are UK and Hong Kong.
In UK the major tourist destinations are British Museums, Brighton etc. where large number of
visitors came to enjoy their holidays. Brighton is small fishing village which is situated near to
seaside gains recognition due to the visit of Prince of Wales (Frenzel, Koens and Steinbrink,
2012). There are three major seaside resorts which are popular in UK and helps in attraction of
large number of tourists. UK has strong sport heritage which supports professional cricket and
soccer club. There are large number of art and annual festival activities are performed which
helps in attraction of both local and international visitors. It is observed that tourism industry is
most growing in present scenario which hold 3.9 % share of GDP and contributes in earning of
125 billion pounds.

The major factor which declines the tourism market is BREXIT. But UK government
make many strategies like night events, sports sponsorship programmes etc. which helps in
development of this sector (Hanan, Burnley, and Cooke,2013).
It is observed from the above graph that, number of visitors are increased but their
expenditure of different tourism activities is decreased. This situation will remain same for next
three years due having inflation in Hong Kong. Almost 3 million individuals are working in this
sector and due having good growth rate it is assumed that more 50000 employment opportunities
are provided under this industry.
Disney land is one of the major tourist destination in Hong Kong which attract large
number of families. In comparison to UK, Hong Kong tourism industry has large contribution in
GDP which is almost 4.2%. Clock Tower, Ocean park, Temple street night market are also
becomes top tourist destinations which provides their support in development. From the national
statistics, within 2 to 5 million tourists visit Disney land (Horng and et. Al, 2012).
Future trend of growth or declining about Disney land

As per the above given table regarding the number of visitors in Disney land from 2011
to 2016 presents that there is overall increase in number of visitors from 5.23 to 8.92. It is
observed that from last five years that increase by around 20%. In 2011 the number of
individuals who visit Disney land is 5.23 millions which is increase in 2012 achieved the figure
of 6.25 million. It is observed from the above table that number of visitors are decreased in 2016
to 6.1 million in comparison to 2015. They bear the loss from their operations in 2016 due to
decrease in number of visitors and increment in expenditures. One of the major reasons which
affects the business in future includes economic downturn, unfavourable currency conditions,
cold and wet weather and regional competition.
Future trend of growth and declining about British Museum
From the above given table, it is observed that the number of visitors are continuously
increasing in British museum from 2011 to 2016. In 2011 the number of visitors who visit
British museum is 5.5 million which reaches to the figure of 6.5 in 2016. In 2015 it reaches to the
highest figure of 6.7 million and considered as most popular cultural attraction in UK. The
virtual audience is reached to the figure of 43.7 million. So, the future of British museum is good
in attraction of large number of tourists and improve their earning.
TASK 2
2(a). Analysis of cultural, social and physical features of two developed tourist destinations and
features of appeal for different types of visitors
Developed countries
Hong Kong and UK two developed tourist destination where large number of tourists are
visited to saw their different natural and man made destinations. Cultural, social and physical
features of both these tourist destinations have large number of impact on attraction of large
number of tourists.
Large number of people always consider to go to those places where they get effective
and quality services. Major features of a visitor destination which encourage large number of
tourist are as follows:
 Cultural: This includes about the factors like norms, lifestyles, stereotypes etc. Such
different features have both positive and negative impact upon tourism industry. Culture

of a specific tourist destination is known as one of the major feature which attract large
number of visitors every year. Further when a country organise cultural programmes then
it help in attract large number of visitors (Igorevna, Alekseyevna, and Mikhailovna,
2014).
 Social: This element is related with the development of tourism with social welfare of
local people. One of the main benefit of tourism is that it create number of employment
employment.
 Physical features: This is another known as one of the element which help a country to
attract large number of visitors. Various natural and heritage places attract number of
individuals from different places.
All these are the major features of a tourist destination which attract large number of visitors
every year. Along with their other characteristics of a tourist destination are lifestyle of its local
people, norms, values, customs and traditions (Jacobsen and Munar, 2012).
Developing nations
The two developing nations where tourism industry grows with faster rate includes India
and China. The different factors like cultural, social and physical are plays an important role
regarding attraction of large number of customers. Cultural features includes about the new
regions and areas which tourists wants to explores and on other hand physical features includes
about different destinations for tourist are available according to their preference. It helps in
attraction of large number of customers.
 Cultural features: It is considered as important aspect in tourism. The culture of India
and china is very vast and old which has many popular destinations which is now
explored by the both domestic and international tourists. The major attraction of domestic
tourists in India is ancient temples. The destinations which helps in attraction of the
foreign tourists are ancient palaces. This will provides the opportunity to understand the
old culture and evaluation of the human society. Through such activities large number of
revenue is generated by tour operators which is result applied in the development of
society in form tax returns.
 Social features: Tourism industry of both India and China helps to bring equality among
the different individuals of society. There is no restriction on any individual to explore
and visit destinations on the basis of gender, religion etc. There are job opportunities are

also created by this sectors which brings reforms in this sector and helps the individual to
earn their livelihood. It helps in attraction of large number of tourists either for holidays
and searching job options.
 Physical features: This will includes about the description of the different destinations
available in India and China. For ex., in India different types of destinations are available
as per the choices of tourists like Himalayas for attracting adventures tourists, Cultural
and heritage places to provide insight about old beliefs etc.
(b) key characteristics of such four destinations and impact of these characteristics on appeal of
different visitors
Cohen 1979
 Recreational tourist, there more focus is on physical recreation
 Diversionary tourist, identification of the ways about forgetting their every day life.
 Experimental tourist, always try to find new ways and experiences and wants to make
contact with local individuals
 Existential tourist, wants to know totally about the culture and lifestyles of different
destinations
Characteristics of Four destinations
Characteristics UK Hong Kong India China
Culture-behaviour The culture of
UK is modern
where large
number of
destinations are
hand made like
British Museum.
Some of the
ancient
destinations
which becomes
the centre of
The culture which
prevails in Hong
Kong is different
which attracts
families and
children more.
The major
attraction is
Disney Land
where almost 6.1
million tourists
are visit per year.
The culture of
India is vast
which changes in
different regions.
The major
destinations
which are
searched by
domestic tourists
are heritage
places and
temples for which
In china the major
tourist
destinations are
great wall of
china, Terracotta
army, 1 hour by
Bullet train etc. It
helps in attraction
of large number
of customers.

attraction in UK
are British Isles,
Lake district,
Scottish mountain
etc.
India is famous.
The most
attractive
destination is
TajMahal which
helps in attraction
of international
tourists.
Historical There are many
historical places
are available in
London like royal
opera house,
Royal Albert hall.
It attracts the
tourists in London
includes museum,
historic
architecture and
library etc.
There are few
historical places
in comparison to
another countries.
The most popular
destination is
Colonial.
Most of historical
places are
available in India.
There are large
number of
temples and
ancient palaces
which are formed
many years ago.
One of the most
historic
destination in
China is great
wall of china. It is
one of the longest
wall in world.
The length of this
wall is around
4500 miles. There
are many other
destinations like
Forbidden city,
Temple of
Heaven, Summer
palace etc.
Resources In terms of
resources and
safety UK is one
of the most
favourite place to
visit. There are
It is a city which
is famous for
Disney Land. To
attract more
number of tourists
large number of
There are many
efforts taken by
Indian
government is
provide adequate
safety to their
One of the
leading
developing
nation. In terms
of safety and
resources like

many legislations
are impose by
government
which are need to
follow by all
tourist companies
resources which
satisfies the
different
requirements of
customer are
available.
tourists. There are
limited resources
are available in
India in
comparison to
developed nation
transportation,
communication,
hospitality etc.
All the tourist destinations are different characteristics which are explained above. All
such destinations have some major places which helps in attraction of the tourists. Popularity is
one of the most important factor which helps in attraction of the different types of visitors
described by Cohen(1979).
 First, recreational tourist wants physical recreation. UK and India have major destinations
which physical characteristics which attracts them.
 Second, Diversionary tourist are such which wants to visit new place every day. Some
country attracts them more which have large number of destinations to explore every new
day.
 Third, Experimental tourist, The destinations like UK, China and India attracts
experimental tourists more because vast culture difference is present in countries which
attracts such visitors to learn new belief and values.
 Fourth, Existential tourist, Such tourist like India most as tourist destination because large
number of cultures and historical destinations are available with their great past.
TASK 3
(a) Impact of Political factors upon the number of visitors and income generation capacity
The four major destinations have huge impact upon their tourism activities due to
presence of political factors. The major political factors includes stability and instability of
government, Visa regulations, restrictions upon the individuals to visit in country etc. Such
political factors have both positive and negative impact upon destinations which are defined
below:
Impact of political factors upon India and China

Impact of Political conditions and factors upon number of visitors and income generation
capacity is understand from the points mentioned below:
 Linnet Visa policies: India and china is emerging country in tourism country. To attract
the large number of visitors, Visa policies are linnet in comparison to many developed
nations like UK. So, the tourists are not required to fulfil many regulations. This will
have positive impact upon number of visitors and income.
 Safety issues: Political condition in India and China is stable but still there are many loop
holes in safety regulations which are imposed by government. lack of safety measures has
negative impact upon visitors and affects the income in adverse manner.
Impact of political factors upon UK and Hong Kong
 Strict policies: UK and Hong Kong is developed nation which impose strict regulations
regarding visa applications. Individual who wants to visit UK and Hong Kong need to
follow such regulations and conditions. This makes the task difficult and has negative
impact upon visitors.
 Stability in Governance: UK and Hong Kong governance is more stable which helps in
providence of more safety to the individuals who visit UK and Hong Kong for tourist
purpose. It helps to attract the families more. It provides the opportunity to earn large
number of income.
(b) Contribution of responsible tourism regarding positively hosting their communities
Responsible tourism is important concept which provides that every destination regards
to make their places more better to live which attracts the large number of customers to visit.
This concept brings the responsibility upon operators, hoteliers, governments, local people that
to take different actions which helps to make the tourism activities more sustainable. It provides
the opportunity to improve number of visitors and income generation capacity. All the four
major tourist destinations UK, China, India and Hong Kong requires to follow and adopt such
actions which helps to achieve results which are mentioned below:
 Provides tourism activities in such manner which minimises the negative impact of
economic, environmental and social factor
 Generation of more economical benefits for local individuals
 Providence of better experiences to tourists whom are visit to stay or for holidays
 Providence of better facilities to the individuals suffering from an kind of disabilities

CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that, tourist destinations are considered as
main contributor in development of economy and society of UK and Hong Kong. Large number
of employment opportunities are provided by tourist sectors which contributes in improvement
of society. On other hand, such activities brings high flow of cash, improvement of
transportation and communication facilities, development of infrastructure, higher tax income
etc. which provides their contribution in development of economy of UK and Hong Kong. It is
observed that, tourist activities of Hong Kong has 4.2% contribution total GDP of country. On
other hand, such activities have 3.9% share in GDP of UK. There are large number of factors
which affects the tourist activities which are required to take care about government and tour
operators like terrorism issues, lack of transportation and communication facilities, inadequate
sanitation, lack of utilities etc. which are considered under physical characteristics. It is the duty
of the government of both the country to overcome from difficulties to improve their tourist
destinations in UK and Hong Kong. Similarly, economical, political and social aspects which are
present in country pays their definite role in development and reduction of tourism
characteristics. It is shown from the above research that major reason behind development of
such sector are advancement in online digital technology, improvement in income sources of
individuals, better hotel and transportation facilities, more security provisions are applied by
countries, development in education sector etc. One of the major step which helps in
development of tourist activities is to destination appeal. This includes two features physical
characteristics and consumer behaviour in selection of particular location. This will includes
about promotion of the good qualities of destitutions which helps to attract tourists. Social media
plays an important role in today's world in creation of awareness among different individuals. As
this marketing tool has wide range and cost efficient which also helps in improvement of
profitability. The basic consumer action model which also affects the business of tourism and
applies on tourists is AIDA model. This model helps in movement of consumer from the
situation of unawareness to selection of destinations. The major components of this model are
Awareness, interest, desire, action. Business visitors also one of the important factor in
development of UK and Hong Kong as tourist destination. Both these countries are developed
nations having large number of businesses are operating their activities. This will contributes in

increase of business visitors to come for the meetings in such countries. On other hand, regarding
pleasure visitors wants to come to spend good time in their holidays choose such destination
which are more safest and attractive. Tower of London, British Museum, Stonehenge are such
famous places of UK whee most number of visited in last past five years. On other side, Disney
land, Temple street night market, clock tower etc. are such major attractive places in Hong Kong
where tourists like to go. Hong Kong one of the best place to visit for children as they feel safe
and entertained.
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