Using Trackman to Detect Missile Trajectory with GPS

USING TRACKMAN TO DETECT MISSILE TRAJECTORY WITH GPS
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Using Trackman To Detect Missile Trajectory With GPS 1

Introduction
Research Background
Technology continues to change the way detecting Missile trajectory is done. The advancement
in technology has led to massive growth in missile defense (Ender et al., 2010). Missile defense
began over decades ago with simple techniques, developed by countries like the US and Russia,
which could detect offensive launch events and track inbound ballistic missiles, however, these
technologies had limited capability for defense (Kumar et al., 2012). The popularity of the field
has been increasing as years goes while many countries are playing their roles interesting in
unraveling some of the mysteries of the trajectory of a ballistic missile and how it is launched.
This gives room facilitation in using new technology for production of a new product of quantity
and visualizes missile defense (Clemons and Chang. 2012).
However, little has been done in the examination on how to understand and how these new
technology of Doppler radar works. It is s subset of the radar technology that gives particular
attention to figuring out the speed of an object (Lee and Singh. 2010). The principle behind this
technology is that the waves that are produced by an object would be squashed together should
they be moving towards you or be spread further apart should they be running away from you.
This is the reason behind the seeming decrease in the pitch of a police siren as the vehicle moves
away from a person since as each of the waves is being produced; the car tends to push further
and further. Doppler radar has been implemented in missile defense (Zhu et al., 2010).
This research is meant to find out how "Trackman"- which is a golf tracker equipment can be
used to find the Trajectory of a Missile. The Trackman golf tracker employs the technology of
Doppler radar to trail both the hits and pitches of balls via their trajectory in golf and baseball.
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The obtained data is very significant to the scouts, players, and statisticians to assess the baseball
and golf games to measure the performance of the player. Elsewhere it is applied in the
manufacture of equipment to determine the working of the clubs and balls (Nathan. 2015).
Trackman’s technology
Trackman’s technology is a golf tracker equipment used in golf broadcasts and other major
networks. Golfers rely on this technology for fine-tuning of the game and lessons. The idea of
Trackman was conceived by a golfer by the name Dr. Klaus Eldrup-Jorgensen, when he realized
that in spite of the advancement in technology, limited technological improvements had been
made in the field of golf. Therefore, Jorgensen joined hands with Fredrik Tuxen, a radar
engineer. Tuxen modified the Doppler radar technology used for bullets and missiles tracking for
golf. To mention briefly how the trackman works, we will use the example of Trackman 4, which
is the latest product of the company. It employs the use of dual radar technology to capture 27
data points about both the ball and the club. These include both simple parameters such as club
head speed and carry yardage and complex statistics such as dynamic loft and smash factor
(Leach., 2017).
In essence, every detail of the golf swing is quantified and substantiated by a machine of equal
size to a laptop, placed behind the golfer. This equipment does not use any extra attachments or
equipment. The device incorporates a built-in HD camera for recording the swing of the player.
The video can then be monitored from phones, tablets, and laptops that are connected to a device
via Bluetooth technology (Tuxen. 2018).
Of late, the data obtained was used to determine the drag forces on a trajectory hit where balls
are lifted. Because the method has been executed widely by the professionals in the sporting field
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to identify the player's performance and manufacturers have also used it to find out the safety of
their equipment, an evaluation of the technology is required. The assessment comprises
investigating how data is recorded in the system for pitches and also the hits, the filtration and
accuracy of the data, and finally how the information is affected by the noise. The demonstration
requires the method used by the system to record data and theory of radar discussion. It will
involve an explanation of the raw data, and the purpose of how angles and positions were
obtained. It helps to precisely identify where noise significantly affected the data in the
trajectory, Because sound is a limiting factor in all systems of radar, considering the time spent to
clarify the various types of noise and its influence on the data. (Fast. 2010). The assessed data
from the radar comprised of all the trajectories of the pitch and hit (Nathan. 2012). It was carried
out by use of great speed video tracking situated near the outfield and inside the home plate. A
second system which comprised of cameras that were infrared was used in the monitoring which
allowed for comparison. The repeatability of the radar was obtained by the use of the Game data
which measured the efficiency of using the detector to determine the aerodynamic forces of the
hit balls. This evaluation would aid as a prototype for ballistic missile trajectory detection.
Research objectives
1. How do we use Trackman for detecting the Missile trajectory concerning the Global
position?
2. What are the technical difficulties that are involved in converting "Trackman" to find the
trajectory of the missile? (Software and the Hardware part).
3. Solutions to resolve those technical difficulties in Trackman.
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4. What is the cost and investment to be done to convert and install Trackman in detecting
the missile trajectory
Literature review
Doppler radar
The trackman employs the technology of Doppler radar. Thus it is prudent to examine briefly the
Doppler radar effect and how it is used in missile trajectory detection. This knowledge can then
be used to figure out how trackman can be used to track missiles.
For instance for the case of radar gun of the police, radar of the Doppler by releasing a beam of
electromagnetic waves that are usually modified to a specified frequency at an object in motion.
Upon hitting the moving object, the electromagnetic waves released would bounce back towards
the source which is also the host of the receiver besides the original transmitter.
The wave would be shifted since it is reflected off the moving object. On return to the radar gun,
this wave is assumed to be an entirely new wave and as it was emitted from the target on to
which it bounced off. In this regard, the target acts as new wave source. This reflected wave has
a frequency that is not the same as the frequency with which it was initially sent to the target
from the source. Since the radiation that was used in the radar gun was at a precise velocity at the
time of being sent out from the source and at a new frequency on its return journey to the radar
gun, it is possible to estimate the velocity of the target object which would give the velocity of
the moving object.
The Pulse-Doppler gun does not only allow for the calculation of the linear velocity of the radar
gun but also allows estimation of the radial velocities. It is achievable by using pulses instead of
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radiations from the beam that only move in a linear direction. The shift there occurs both in the
frequency and the carrier cycles thereby permitting the determination of the radial velocities.
It is essential to ensure careful control of the system to achieve the radial velocities of the system.
The stability of the phases of the radiation pulses must be ensured, and this is possible through
providing that the system is in a coherent state. The only disadvantage of this system is that the
Pulse-Doppler system is such that there is maximum velocity beyond which the radar is not able
to measure radial velocity.
A Doppler radar uses Doppler effects in a much-specialized way to determine the velocity of
objects which are at a distance. It works by sending a microwave signal which bounces back
after hitting the desired target. The impact which occurs on the signal as it bounces back is
determined, and from it, the velocity of the moving object is defined and how far from the
Doppler radar purpose is.
Doppler applies the usage of the narrow band receivers to be able to eliminate objects which are
moving at a low velocity or the objects which are stationary in that way the Doppler radar can
eliminate signals which are false which may be from the clouds, trees, and other environmental
influences.
The Doppler radar system uses the timing technique to determine the range of the target which
the missile is targeting. Similarly, it uses the Doppler effects of which the return signal is used to
determine the velocity of the target object. Also, uses the features of the continuous-wave radar
and the pulse radar which initially applied to work separately use the complexity of the
electronics which were involved.
The Doppler radar system uses to scan and tracking techniques in the detection of missiles. The
frequency filtering, ambiguity resolution, and amplitude thresholding are the main things which
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