Traditional and Modern Models of Leadership

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Leadership

Traditional and modern models of leadership
Introduction
From the beginning of humanity, leadership has evolved over the passage of time. The study
of leadership began in the 1930. Furthermore, it brought several leadership theories such as
transformational leadership in the 1970. James MacGregor brought this theory. The recent
leadership theories state that every leadership style is required to be practiced independently.
Afterwards, Bennins and Wareen stated that leadership has changed fundamentally due to
technology, globalization, and digitalization (Senior and Swailes, 2010). The growing
dimensions of organisation as well as stakeholder’s inclusion in affairs of organisation within
the past business practices have created the gap in leadership and forced the leaders to
develop some of the skills for being effective. Kupers (2016) stated that there is no such
single style of leadership that found to be best in every business situation. However, the
traditional leadership model is not effective in the 21st century due to several complex
business situation and challenges. Future leaders in organisations are definitely required to be
more informed, involved as well as aware regarding their employees and companies. In the
paper, discussion has carried on the traditional and the authors have presented new models of
leadership as well as some arguments (Gill, 2011).
Traditional and modern leadership models
It is true that the importance of understanding techniques and models of leadership is
increasing due to the diversity, complexity, as well as rapid changes in the today’s business
environment. In the traditional leadership models, there were mainly trait and behavioural
model of leadership. Trait theory has defined some specific leadership characteristics that are
required in a person to become a leader. According to a trait theory, it is said that a good
leader us always born not made. It includes trait such as intellectual qualities, physical
characteristics, and personality features. Some scholars think that leadership is all about trait.
Other argues this statement by stating that leadership is a skill that directly depends on the
capability of the leader. It means that people without those traits and skills cannot lead. In the
other hand, behavioural leadership model focus on the behaviour of leader. It includes three
theories named autocratic, democratic, and Laissez-Faire. Autocratic leader always take

decision by its own. Democratic leader includes its team members in the decision-making.
Laissez-Faire leaders however give the maximum authority to their leader.
As compare to this, modern leadership models argue that the effective leaders are those who
have the behavioural and cognitive capacity to react and recognise to contradiction, paradox,
as well as complexity seen in the environment. Most of the contemporary model includes
transaction, transformation, and charismatic leadership. Transactional leaders always identify
the reward that tends to motivate its employees. As compare to this, transformational leader
believe that employees learn something when they are included in the process.
In this regard, Nawaz and Khan_ PhD (2016) stated that emergent leadership model just
turned up due to increasing complexity and advancement in technologies. It is just that
traditional leadership model just included the one leader where modern leadership model
includes more than one leader at same time. By arguing on this, Kupers (2016) added that
traditional leadership models were not able to identify or define the specific skills that are
required to become a leader. Whereas, modern leadership approaches are able to explain
certain skill set that helps a leader in coming out of the complex business situations. In
addition to this, emergent leadership approach argues the significance of system thinking.
The capability to analyse as well as think about the situations and information leads to
superior performance. By engaging in the system thinking, it is possible for contemporary
leaders to improve in several ways. The research investigators found that emotional
intelligence is quite necessary for the effective leadership rather than using the traditional
leadership styles. It involves the capability of a person monitor one’s own as well as other’s
emotions and feelings for discriminating among them. Reports published also suggest that
executives who tend to use emotional intelligence likely to achieve business outcomes. The
major thing in the traditional theories is that leadership was concurrent. It is however true that
decisions were taken by leader in the traditional models of leadership. However, according to
the leaderful organisation, all people must have some authority to take part in decisions.
Bosse et al (2017) argue that significance of expansive leadership was missing in traditional
models of leadership. Expansive leader always dive unto the technology and understand the
linkage and operations for pushing the organisation to move in new and effective direction.
Expansive leadership is therefore necessary to create the learning organisation and expansive
organisation culture. The approach of learning organisation was missing in traditional models
that are quite essential for modern organisations due to rapid advancement in technologies.