Traffic Management System

This report explores a hypothetical system that replaces autonomous vehicles for achieving a smart traffic management system. It discusses the benefits and challenges of autonomous vehicles, assumptions regarding the proposed system, considerations for road operations, refuelling of driverless cars, security requirements, and the logical design of the system.

Running head: TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Traffic Management System
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
Introduction:...................................................................................................................2
Autonomous Vehicles:...................................................................................................2
Assumptions Regarding Project:....................................................................................3
Consideration Regarding Road Operations:...................................................................4
Refuelling of Driverless Cars:........................................................................................4
Security Requirement:....................................................................................................5
Logical Design of the System:.......................................................................................6
Conclusion:....................................................................................................................7
References:.....................................................................................................................8

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Introduction:
Autonomous vehicles are becoming one of the most emerging technology in the
present generation. Currently various of organization is working on development of the
autonomous vehicle which will be driving for the passengers to its destination (Bonnefon,
Shariff & Rahwan, 2016). Organizations and the researchers are working on this technology
from quite a long but they failed to get a proper outcome. Due to this reason peoples want
alternative solution which will avoid the implementation of the autonomous vehicles but will
retain the advantage of the smart traffic management system.
Here in this report a hypothetical system will be presented which will replace the
implementation of the autonomous cars for achieving a smart traffic management system.
Thus in this document first of all the autonomous sectors will be explored briefly with the
discussion of challenges and benefit of it. Following that assumption of the proposed
technology will be discussed. Also, in this report consequences of the proposed system will
be discussed. This report will also describe the design of this system.
Autonomous Vehicles:
As per the term ‘autonomous’ is actually describes that it something which has the
capability of governing itself. In this sector of autonomous, autonomous vehicles are one of
the most important concept. It has been assessed that this technology will going to be adopted
in near future with a great implications. There are various of advantages if this technology
adopted in a proper way in the future. The traffic management system will be improved
hugely in the future if this technology is adopted. Chances of the accident will be less and the
time required for travelling a particular distance will be reduced. This will also led to fuel
optimization and due to that the cost of the travelling will also going to be reduced. Though
this technology is having various of advantages, it having some disadvantages also. In many

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cases it has been seen that this autonomous vehicles has crashed, taken some wrong routes,
failed to execute perfectly at the crossroads and very much inefficient when compared with
the human drivers during the testing phase. As this autonomous vehicles are not able to pass
the testing phase, mass adoption of this type of system is quite far away (Krueger, Rashidi &
Rose, 2016). Also, many of researchers has indicated this technology as a dangerous
technology as the cars can be out of control due to any technological issues and can hit
pedestrians and other cars in the road. Due to this negative factors of autonomous vehicles
concerns has been raised regarding this technology and many peoples want some alternative
solution of this technology. The role of the autonomous vehicles is very much important in
the development of smart traffic management system.
Assumptions Regarding Project:
While I was proposing the project I have learned a brief about the project. Regarding
this project there are various of assumptions which can be raised with the project. In this case
main assumption, that has been done by me is that the future implication of this project. As
per me this technology will be able to improve the current traffic network system of the large
cities where traffic jams is a big issue. A better flow of the traffic will be achieved and the
emergency vehicles such as the ambulances and the police cars don’t have to wait in the
traffic jams. Also, due to this project fuel usage within the city will be reduced and it will
help to improve the environment of the city. Another assumptions in this case is that this
system will be able to manage the cars by its own and it does not requires any type of
autonomous vehicles (Ratner, 2018). Thus the old cars will also be eligible for operating in
this traffic management environment. This are the positive assumptions which has came with
the proposed project. In this case the main negative assumption is that the failure of the
system. As this is a technical system, this system can stop working due to various of reasons.
In such type of situation the traffic of the city can become a mess. The main reason behind

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that is, this system deals with the driverless vehicle system. As these cars are not able to
move by their own or by manually by complete failure of this system whole traffic network
of the city will be stopped and due to that manual vehicles will also face the problem. For this
reason it is very much important to ensure that 0% downtime occurs within the system.
Consideration Regarding Road Operations:
Within the city there can be various of road which are having more than one lanes in
the operational mode. Basically this roads have some general rules which must be followed.
This rules can be regarding the lane chaining, speed limit and many more other aspects. From
many cases it has been assessed that all the humans drivers is not adhere to this rule and due
to this reasons many accidents happens in every year (D’Ariano et al., 2016). Thus if the
human drivers are not following these rules the driverless cars that are operational in this
network can face various of issues and even can a fatal accident can be happen due to not
following the rules. This is a major drawback in this system, thus this need to be mitigated
with higher priority. Alternative solution is required so that human driving cars are not able to
break the rules.
Refuelling of Driverless Cars:
Refuelling is of the fuel is very much important for the every vehicles whether it is
with driver or driverless. Thus timely refuelling is very much important for keep running this
system alive. Here various of consequences can occur when a driverless car requires
refuelling. When the driverless vehicles need refuelling it needed to discard all of its running
operations and need to be reprogrammed for heading towards the nearest gas station (Litman,
2015). Till going to the gas station is very much manageable for the proposed system. Now
the main problem in this case occurs within this system. The problem regarding this is that
how the fuel chamber of the car will be opened and another issue in this case is that how the

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payment will be done for the refuelling process. Also, another issue in this case is that the car
will be unaware about how much amount of fuel is inserted within the car as there is no
observer for that (Wang, Ning & Wang, 2018). Some advanced computing mechanism need
to be leveraged for the measurement of this metrics that is important for the cars.
Security Requirement:
Security aspects for the system is also very much important. This system is managing
whole traffic system of the city thus it need to be very much secured. If anyhow this system
gets hacked by the attacker then the attacker will have the full control of the traffic network
of the city and then it can be used for performing some kind of crimes in the city (Li et al.,
2015). Thus the security of this system need to be very much tightened. In this security
system the primary requirement is that all of the system within this smart traffic management
system must not be hacked (Martin et al., 2016). This system include the traffic lights,
driverless cars and other assets related with this system. One of the major concern in this case
is that all the driverless cars will not run all the time throughout the city due to the
mechanical limitations. Thus those driverless cars will require some parking space where this
cars will be stored when not in use (Janai et al., 2017). Thus there is a big risk that those cars
can be stolen from the parking space. In such of the cases this traffic monitoring system must
ensure that the parking space for those driverless cars is secure enough that no cars can be
stolen from there. To ensure the security to the best level here CCTV cameras can be used
which will monitor the parking space 24/7. Individual car alarm also can be used in this case
so that it will be triggered when someone will be trying to damage or theft the car unethically.
This security system also need to ensure that this system is having a car tracking system. This
system can be very much useful in the events when this cars gets stolen somehow. By live
tracking of all the cars, the cars which got stolen can be tracked easily, thus it can be
recovered easily. By using this system security of the passengers can be also maintained.

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Logical Design of the System:
As the system is a conceptual system currently physical design of the system is not
available but the logical design of the system has been presented in this case. This logical
design of the system includes information of the streets on which this system will perform its
operation. Also, vehicle information need to be gathered by this system which are operational
in this case. Here all the part of the city in which this driverless cars will be operational must
need to be equipped with various of sensors for monitoring and communicating with the car.
There will be a central server for this system from which all the driverless cars will gather
information about the environment and about the other cars (Nellore & Hancke, 2016). Every
details of the road should be delivered to the driverless cars. Many roads has different types
of rules and all of this rules must be followed by cars. So, the system will be designed in such
a way that the central server will execute different type of instruction when the cars will start
driving in this roads. Also, different types of sensors are needed in this case so that data can
be gathered from the environment and it need to be directly send to the central server for
further processing. With this the system need to have its own gas stations for the refuelling
purpose. Two types of refuelling system must be possessed by the system which includes oil
stations for the diesel and petrol vehicles and the electric stations for the electrical vehicles.
The system need to process all of its data in real time and executions also need to be done in a
real time. Suppose if there is any obstacle in front of the car then the car must triggers it brake
and this instruction must be provided from the central server of the traffic management
system. Thus the system must be capable for this. Another logical requirement of this system
is that, this system must be capable of communicating with the manually driven cars
whenever required (Liu et al., 2017). This system also requires its own patrolling cars for
observing the manually driver cars within this system. This patrolling cars will be used for
capturing the targets which are not following the rules and regulations of the cars. This is

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very much important as a proper synchronisation is required between the driverless cars and
the manually driven cars.
ER Diagram of the Proposed System:
(Figure 1: ER Diagram of the Proposed Traffic Management System)
(Source: Created by Author)
Conclusion:
From the above discussion it can be concluded that the proposed system has a greater
implication over the autonomous vehicles. It has been assessed that autonomous vehicles is
having various of problems due to the various of technological issues. Due to this factor

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many of the researchers has indicated this technology as a dangerous technology. For this
reason here a new technology has been proposed which will manage the traffics by its own
thus driverless care is leveraged in this case. Autonomous vehicles are eliminated from this
system. In this report a brief description has been provided about the autonomous vehicles
and some benefits and the drawbacks has been described in this case. This proposed
technology is currently having various of assumptions and this assumptions has been
discussed in this case. Various of roads have different types of instructions and for that
assumptions has been presented regarding these instructions of the roads. Also consequences
regarding the refuelling system has been presented. This is actually not a normal refuelling
system as cars are driverless in this case. Logical design of the system has been also
presented in this report.

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References:
Bonnefon, J. F., Shariff, A., & Rahwan, I. (2016). The social dilemma of autonomous
vehicles. Science, 352(6293), 1573-1576.
D’Ariano, A., Nucci, D., Pacciarelli, D., Rosti, M., & Italia, A. F. S. B. (2016). Intelligent
real–time traffic management system for complex and busy railway networks.
In Proceedings of the 11th world congress on railway research—WCRR.
Janai, J., Güney, F., Behl, A., & Geiger, A. (2017). Computer vision for autonomous
vehicles: Problems, datasets and state-of-the-art. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.05519.
Krueger, R., Rashidi, T. H., & Rose, J. M. (2016). Preferences for shared autonomous
vehicles. Transportation research part C: emerging technologies, 69, 343-355.
Li, X., Lv, Z., Hu, J., Zhang, B., Yin, L., Zhong, C., ... & Feng, S. (2015, May). Traffic
management and forecasting system based on 3d gis. In 2015 15th IEEE/ACM
International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (pp. 991-998).
IEEE.
Litman, T. (2015). Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions: Implications for
transport planning (No. 15-3326).
Liu, J., Wan, J., Jia, D. Y., Zeng, B., Li, D., Hsu, C. H., & Chen, H. (2017). High-efficiency
urban-traffic management in context-aware computing and 5G communication. IEEE
Communications Magazine, 55(1), 34-40.
Martin, L., Bienert, N., Claudatos, L., Gujral, V., Kraut, J., & Mercer, J. (2016, September).
Effects of task allocation on air traffic management human-automation system
performance. In 2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference
(DASC) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.

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Nellore, K., & Hancke, G. (2016). A survey on urban traffic management system using
wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 16(2), 157.
Ratner, S. (2018). Taxation of Autonomous Vehicles in Cities and States. Stephen Ratner,
Taxation of Autonomous Vehicles in Cities and States, 71.
Wang, X., Ning, Z., & Wang, L. (2018). Offloading in Internet of vehicles: A fog-enabled
real-time traffic management system. IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Informatics, 14(10), 4568-4578.