Trans-Saharan Project: Reflection on Management of Mega and Complex Projects

This report reflects on the management of the Trans-Saharan Project, a mega and complex project involving the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation and Algerian National oil and gas company. It discusses project management, complexities, stakeholder priorities, optimum bias, strategic misrepresentation, and more.

Running head: TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
Reflection on Management of Mega and Complex Projects
Topic: Trans-Saharan Project
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
Executive Summary
This project that I have been going through is elaboration of the Nigerian National Petroleum
Corporation or NNPC Algerian National oil and gas company. The pipeline project was
beginning in 2009 operation of NNPC and Sonatrach. The full process is to perform for
pipeline construction following all the theories behind the business management system. I
was expecting that all the aspects of the initial stage with the help of business management
system theories in the Warri region in Nigeria. The volume of the pipeline is 30 billion cubic
metres carrying natural gas and the span of the entire pipeline has been between estimation of
48 to 56 inches in diameter. songs estimated that mobile network speed processing or
beginning to process from the year 2015. 202 companies invested by major partners for this
project and the collaborated companies have 90% of the total shares of the project. the
government of Nigeria is expected to have 10% of the remaining shares for the project. It is
considered that all the processes of the venture are between the regions of Nigeria, Niger and
Algeria. The direction of the project for processing the pipeline follows to the South North
direction and the endpoint of the project is to be dealt with location at Hassi R Mel in
Algeria. The project is dealing with natural gases that would be flowing through the
pipelines.

2TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Project Management and Programme Management in Mega and Complex
Projects/Programmes..........................................................................................................3
Complex Business, Organisational and Commercial Environment...................................4
Multiple Stakeholders priorities and complexities – dealing with Government and
Private Entities...................................................................................................................6
Optimum Bias....................................................................................................................7
Strategic Misrepresentation of the inherent benefit and value of this Mega Project.........7
Complexities in Phase by Phase Management – Whole Life Cycle Approach.................8
Supply Chain Management (Strategic Procurement and Strategic Purchasing)................8
Strategic Risk Management...............................................................................................8
Governance........................................................................................................................8
Cost/Time Control Practices..............................................................................................9
Change Management..........................................................................................................9
Lessons Learnt and Lessons yet to be Learnt.....................................................................9
Gaps Analysis...................................................................................................................10
Benefits and Value Management.....................................................................................11
Sustainability....................................................................................................................11
Conclusion................................................................................................................................12
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................14

3TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
Introduction
In this particular reflection report, I will present my understanding on the background
of Trans Saharan Project. It will be discussed about how the Mega project management in
complex project management is handled in terms of managing a project and program. I will
present my discussions over all the complexities that is present in this project as part of the
company that it is being constructed as a project. The project would also discuss how it from
rest with considering all the aspects of the commercial environment and organisational
environment before proceeding with the project. I would discuss all the involvement of the
stakeholders that have been associated with the project directly or indirectly and the
complexities they would share about regarding the priorities that they have in this particular
project. I would also discuss about the multiple stakeholders who are dealing with
government and private entities as well and what are their responsibilities in handling such a
complex project. Speaking of which, the discussion would also lead to the concept of
optimum bias and how it is influenced in the entire involvement of the project. I would then
come about the complexities in the Trans Saharan Project, that would hold the description
about the strategic misrepresentation of the inherent benefit and value for this undertaken
Mega project. I would also state the complexities that would be present in the project by
identifying the level of complexities as well. In this regard, I would also discuss about the
supply chain management that would include the strategic procurement and strategic
purchasing that has been performed for this particular project. I would next discuss about the
strategic risk management, governance and the cost and time control practices that has been
undertaken in this project. Next, I would discuss about the Change management procedures
and all the lessons that I have learnt including the lessons that I was yet to be learnt during
the progression of the project. Then I would analyse the gaps in the project the benefits in
Value Management the sustainability and recommend a suitable solution to all the problems
that the project has faced so far.
Project Management and Programme Management in Mega and Complex
Projects/Programmes
According to my experience to the project I would like to share my views on the
processing of the trans Saharan mega project by generating the ideas about the
commencement of the project that has been undertaken prospects in the project that has

4TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
already been performed. I have projected my learning ways at different aspects of the project
find that if the project was succumbed to any kind of risk that had been identified find out
intermediate ways to mitigate the risk and continue with the project. The site visit has been
done keeping in mind about the project and the flexibility and adaptability is also taken into
consideration. I have also performed the integration of the for client and contract base and
also found the collaboration between the partners. I have also exploded the other options for
initiating project management process and all the aspects of the mega project that is
deliberately planning at making it a complex procedure. All these aspects of the project
define the time that would be required to complete the entire project. The initial requirement
of the project for ensuring the process roadmap for the beginning of the mega project have
been analysed by me. I have also ensured the execution phase where team members would be
assigned to the project as per their proper expertise. I also went through the mechanism by
which the project prospects are being estimated and by which the project is estimated to be
monitored regularly. I want to went through the project closure face that has been made
before and all the outstanding paper works and contracts that has been included in the data
management system of the project.
All the assumptions that have been made at the beginning of the project is taken care
of initially by the set standards in every project level. I believe that this would help in
figuring out all the perform data in the project. I have also figured out that the
implementation of the standards needs to be justified so that the functional processes of the
mega project can be compared to other projects like the Baku Tbilisi Ceyhan pipeline. This is
because the Baku Tbilisi Ceyhan pipeline has been one of the most expensive projects and
with this comparison, I can find out all the ways by which the project and discussion could
have been taking steps against the issues that has faced so far. I would understand and discuss
about all the policies that I have been going through for justifying the standardization and
quality of a project. I would also make sure that I analyse all the training procedures that the
project team has went through before understanding or beginning the project. The resources
and the processes that have been continued in this project would all be analysed by me to
calculate the main requirements and the estimated outcomes of the trans Saharan mega
project. Next phases would thus begin the reflective execution stage.

5TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
Complex Business, Organisational and Commercial Environment
Since this is a mega project, it is quite understandable that the processes that would be
included are all complex in nature. The data administration of the Trans Saharan Project
naturally be extremely complex according to the industry complexity. The project outcome
that I have analysed is found to be initial requirement that justifies how even an initial phase
of a project can be such complicated and complex. A proper appropriate project initiation
phase of the project development is required to have an idea about the output and all the
required steps that needs to be followed throughout the entire project. However, analysing all
this step I have also found that these are extremely complicated and it is not at all easy to
begin one phase of a project after another without thinking about the project quality e and
project outcome with such a huge amount of investment. I have also found that the initial
project requirements and total cost that was estimated to be equivalent to about 20 billion
GBP. therefore, the cost that has been incurred for processing all the business management
processes within the project was performed at high complexity as per the investment was
made. All the stages ensure that the proper investment made sure of the project about the
expected outcomes in such a way that the functional process of project management would
obviously become complex. the high complexity is one of the major aspects of the project
which I believe has been providing complexity to the project just not at the initial stages but
even at the management level. the communication that has been going on between the
stakeholders of the project is also affected since the people associated with the project are
extremely high in number given the quantity of the project. It has been found that the project
includes three different areas of Nigeria, Niger and Algeria and the organisation that has been
associated with teaching care about the project progressions. Therefore, it is quite natural that
the management of the project had to be taken under huge responsibility and integration for
having a proper stakeholder management system.
I have analysed the entire project to find out if there was any environmental aspect
that the project was taking care of before or during the initiation Project planning phases.
With the help of this analysis I have found out all the consideration that helps the project to
take care of the surrounding where the construction would be made. This will also ensure all
the aspects of the project where business management would be performed for the
organisation of data. for this I have noticed that the functional processes of the employees are
taken into use by the organisation and ensure that employees in the organisation should have

6TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
an understanding of all the data sets utilised for this project that would help in having a better
business management system to begin with in the initial stage. The organisational culture is
important in every aspect of management of a project as it is not expected that there would be
only one cultural dominance within a project team. Therefore, it is required that a proper
organisational culture and environment is developed so that understanding the prospects and
possible outcomes of the steps in the project are done in a proper way. I realise that this
would meet a very good prospect for the project to make it appears that the project is thinking
about not just the outcome of the project but also about all the constraints that project has
regarding the stakeholders and is focusing on their expectations from the project. According
to my belief, this helps in a better understanding between the members in a project team for
between the employees in an organisation so that the team can perform together as a team
with a better coordination and trust between each other.
When it comes to the commercial environment management within the project, I have
also found out that the mean complexity or the main problem that is existing in this project is
identification of a proper business processing develop for the Trans Saharan Project. I have
also found out that the development of the policy is also responsible for the enhancement of
the commercial management within the project and its functioning that is reflected in in the
terms, thereby enhancing all the externally existing relationships within the project. I have
also identified the fact that all the management within the project responsible for the training
relationship has been considered and I have thereby gone through to the commercial
management of the project for analysing the transaction system. In this case, I have found out
that the processing of the entire system with commercial evaluation is performed in a good
way.
Multiple Stakeholders priorities and complexities – dealing with Government and
Private Entities
After the analysis of the stakeholders would be directly or indirectly associated with
the project and would be affected by the project outcomes in a direct or indirect way includes
NNPC, which holds about 45% shares of the organisation. I also found out that the Republic
of Niger is also a minor holder to the company with almost 10% of the shares for the project.
Sonatrach has almost 45% of the total share of the entire project becoming a major
stakeholder. The Russian organisation Gazprom has made its way to show little interest on
participating on this particular project is well and therefore they can be also listed as a

7TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
stakeholder according to my belief. I also analysed that Eni Spa and the Royal Dutch are also
one of the potential stakeholders of the mega project. I am also coming to terms that the
stakeholder list would also include the government of Nigeria and Algeria that do not
approve of including any of the European stakeholders.
The dealing of the government and private entities have made it pretty evident that
2500 km gas pipeline would be under the consideration of the government of 19 and they
would be thinking about undercutting all the European stakeholders especially Russia to end
their dependency on the country. this is why any pipeline going about the Russian countries is
thought about to be chopped off and for this the Nigerian president has been spending and
equivalent of over 700 million of GBP to processing as a functional benefit for the process
pipeline connectivity.
Optimum Bias
According to my belief, optimum bias can be regarded as the presence of the
knowledge about an impending risk within a project but still continuing with the project
realising about the risk. For this particular project the optimum bias that I have witnessed has
been the completion of the project in in an extremely fast rate. This particular mega project
includes a lot of complex structure and project phases but still it was concluded in a much
faster rate than usual for the accomplishment it has achieved. I believe that for any other
project the project constraints would have been much more if it was of a complex nature and
therefore the project could not have been completed in a hurry state. Considering the
completion of the project in in a time that is something table of can be the presence of a risk
but even after knowing this the project has been consummated at an extremely fast rate. The
project constituting of the costliest pipeline processing included a number of foreseen issues
in the process. The militant organisations of Nigeria created issue during the project that
ensure that the invested money in the project might also become a wastage. The business
management in the project was another issue, since the security threats that the project was
receiving was extremely high. Even after the project was completed, I believe that the
constant monitoring of the project is what made sure that the management of the project was
still difficult but able to be achievable given the complex state of the project. The cost
estimation information done at the initiation stage of the project made sure that it was for the
completion of the project it would get higher and planning would be processed as per the
ideated issues.

8TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
Strategic Misrepresentation of the inherent benefit and value of this Mega Project
Any misinterpretation of the strategy within the project that I have witnessed was the
establishment of the idea of high budget allowance since this was initiated as a mega project.
It created an issue for there was an intrusion of the Militant society that did not wanted the
project to reach its completion. This was taken as one of the use misinterpretations that could
have failed the entire project as the investment already made in the project as per estimation
could go all wasted due to the intrusion of the militants.
Complexities in Phase by Phase Management – Whole Life Cycle Approach
The complexity of the project that I have gone through included a whole life cycle
approach of choosing and searching for skilled labours in the design phase and also the
estimation of the resources that would be required for the complexity of the mega project.
Both of these complexities required phase by phase management for the extraction of the raw
material and the processing phase.
Supply Chain Management (Strategic Procurement and Strategic Purchasing)
The assessment of the supplier market in the project included the buying of the raw
materials that is required for the project and the planning needed to be plotted according to
the direct purchase method that is implemented in the project. This created one of the major
issues regarding the selected suppliers for the project and this also served as one of the
functioning long-term goals for the project. It would help in the strategic processing approach
and the strategic procurement approach to maintain the supply chain management be
implemented in a much better manner within the organisation and the project.
Strategic Risk Management
There are different aspects of the strategic risk management that should be followed
in this particular project and this includes the economic capital according to me. This
includes the return on investment associated with the risk encouraging through these. The
equity cost that the organisation is currently dealing with is also covering for one of the losses
that was not at all estimated during the cost and the project scheduling. Also, the removal of
the tax amount and the impending risk about the militants not at all estimated during the
project planning phases. All these had the potential of creating and using this for the project.

9TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
Governance
According to the assessment of the project I have understood that the governance
structure that this project go through is the oligarchy governance methodology. this is the
method that helps the functioning of the project and ensures that is dependent on a set of
people in the project team that are provided with higher integrity. the selection of this people
is dependent on the factor of them being educated and skilful enough to understand the
corporate religious and political control of the state in which the project is been formulated.
This will ensure a perfect blend of the project constituting the political, the environmental
and the requirement of the organisation and the client.
Cost/Time Control Practices
This is a phase of the project that I understand to be e very important for a project and
needs to be planned right before the project is initiated. This is a process in the mega project
that helps in the understanding of all the task that has been formulated to be e follow-through
for performing. The standard estimation of the project the implementation of the control tools
for budget is also extremely helpful for the process. This formulates to be one of the major
reasons that the transfer and mega project is functioning and also is responsible for the
control of the cost within a project.
Change Management
I have also learnt about the change management project that the transparent project
required and this has been formulated in three stages. the stages are preparing for the change,
managing the change and reinforcement of the changed to be taken into consideration. The
change management process that needed to be brought into the trans Saharan project and its
development was the commencement of all the changes required. This would ensure that the
project is planned properly and the resources for the project is better understood to be
delivered. The cost incurred for the project construction of the project is also understood that
it would at any stage get higher than the estimated budget and the efficiency of the project
would thus also become higher. The changes that need to be included in the project would be
planned in the first phase and in the second phase it will get executed. The third and the last
phase would ensure that the changes are implemented within the project.

10TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
Lessons Learnt and Lessons yet to be Learnt
Among the information that I have gathered throughout the effective learning of the
trans Saharan project, I have also required some learnings gathered from the way that the
project was constructed to be processed. These learnings can be mentioned as below:
 I have understood that the project needs to in car completion face in such a
way that all the costs that are included need not follow and accurate number as
even if the budget is estimated at the initial stage, due to the random changes
occurring in the project, there is bound to be some cost estimation that would
be a little more than what it was thought before.
 I have also learnt that the better understanding of the skimming in the
organisation of Trans Saharan project have to be formulated because having a
proper understanding of the entire infrastructure about how to develop the
organisation in accordance to the project progression is a major decision that
the management has to make.
 Another learning that I have come across from the project is that budget
processing is not a primary concern for a project and it is also required the
project team understand the social issues during the progression of a project.
This is to guarantee that the management understand all the aspects of the
project as during this project the budget was not an issue but there was an
issue created by the militants in Nigeria that disrupted the project progression
in some way.
 Lastly, I have understood that the lessons that I have learnt from this project
also includes that it is extremely important to get a data management proper
for business processing. Business processing is one of the primary concerns of
a project that has the ability of processing the cost required for the entire
project progression. understanding the data management factor would help in
managing huge and complex project like the trans Saharan project.
Gaps Analysis
The gap analysis that would be concerned with in this selection of the project is about
the analysis I have made about the project and what could have been much better with the
management of the project. I have identified that there was one major issue of the business

11TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
management in the communication of the system that was between the stakeholders. Since
the project was huge in size, given that this was a mega project, the number of stakeholders
was way more than usual amount. This made communication I have problem in the project.
However, it was required that the data processing and data management in the Trans Saharan
Project need to be established at inaccurate form to help the project go on in a seamless
manner. The communication process needs to be performed at a much better level during the
initiation phase and the project closure phase. I have found that this was the major project
aspect that the mega project did not follow in a proper way and the circulation of the data was
thus found to be a little hampered. I also found that budget is an extreme and important
constraint in this project for achievement of gradual success throughout the project process.
The excess of budget more than the estimated one is a major issue that was found in the
execution of the Trans Saharan Project.
Benefits and Value Management
The benefits that I believe that the process of the project would game would be
including the fact that there would be a unanimous link created between Nigeria, Niger and
Algeria. This would ensure that all the areas within the project would receive natural
distribution of gas in a diverse way. It can also be said according to my opinion that the
commencement of the project would be much impactful on the South North direction since
they would be having their first construction system of a pipeline with natural gas transaction.
The project would have another major advantage by having 30 billion cubic metre per year of
natural gas ready to be transacted in these areas. the proper utilisation of the natural gas
would also not be going to waste since Nigeria would be the biggest oil exporter in the
region. There is another benefit of the Value Management that I believe would be included
due to the effect of the project and that would be the flooding of the natural gas which would
be able to ensure that almost 10% of the total natural gas is flared in this area. the
construction of the pipeline would allow main advantage to the region to have a better sorting
of the natural gases and storing them to ensure that the wastage of natural gas is also taking
care of and reduced.
Sustainability
I have gone through the entire project to find out that the economic sustainability of
this project is one of the major aspects to provide the information about the improper

12TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
management of the data management system. This ensured that the project head one of the
major aspects of the progression for the pipeline construction. However, the understanding of
the business feasibility was required to get under a much proper management. The feasibility
of the complex project had reduced the amount of sustainability that the project was about to
experience. this has been formulated with the environmental factors that the project has to
take under consideration. During the processing of the project, I have found in information
about the leakage in the pipelines and the magnitude of the effect of the leakage problems
which should be taken into consideration. This magnitude effect has the ability of deciding
the viability of the project and the sustainability of the project was also dependent on this.
Sustainability factor insurance the efficiency of this project which also takes care of the
management of the project in the future. The required time that was estimated right in the
beginning of the project planning was left excess and that was incurred to the processing of
the project. I also identify the fact that the project was mega project in nature so, if the project
does not get completed in time according to the estimated planning, the budget would
exponentially increase then the estimated planning. the cost of encouraging the processing of
all the conclusion regarding this mega project is does exceeding the amount of profit which is
to be earned at the end of the project, thus, decreasing the sustainability factor of the project.
Conclusion
Therefore, from the above project it can be concluded that the trans Saharan mega
project that I have gone through as a project taken for analysis, I have realised that this could
have been a proper understanding of business management that is required for the completion
of a complex mega project. The partners of the project are Sonatrach, NNPC and Government
of Niger. the project includes the length pipeline as well which is estimated to be 4128
kilometres and maximum discharge that it would be able to make is about 30 billion cubic
metre per year. The first stage of the project would be e including the pipeline processing
which method is used in Europe and the funding would be divided in two parts. The energy
sector is crafted throughout and to avoid for the corruption is used for submitting the finding
of the way and it is required that the neighbours need to be pacified for finding a route to
begin the project. Since the planning of process is estimated to be proper, it was proposed by
the militant group before the project could complete. the proper planning of the project will
be in the next section that would be utilised for mitigating all the issues that have been
formulated. The proper understanding of the project that I have been going through,

13TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
estimated a proper understanding of the project on platform of the organisation with the better
execution of the establishment of the pipe line between the three regions. I also understood
the concept of optimum bias and how it may have a better understanding of the project while
it is being analysed. the proper management and the ways by which all the aspects of the the
project needs to be managed is established in this above reflection that I have provided on the
the study conducted on project progression for trans Saharan project including the
establishment of the project, the changes required and the estimated ideas that have been
taken right at the planning stage before the project was initiated.

14TRANS-SAHARAN PROJECT
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