Leadership and management
1.0.0 Assess different classical management theories and apply these in a service industry context
1.1.0 Classical management theories definition and explain
There are many distinct perspectives on management, and classical perspectives or classical
management theory is one among them. People have always found management to be a difficult
task. The manager's responsibilities include everything from planning to organizing to recruiting
to guiding and regulating. Managers understood that there should be some scientific approaches
to increase productivity in the early 1990s, when industrialization was booming. Various
managers contributed their perspectives to characterize the classical viewpoint, often known as
classical management theory, including scientific, bureaucratic, and administrative perspectives,
among others.
1.1.1 Scientific theory definition
There may be several methods to complete a task; the fundamental goal of scientific
management is to analyze all of those options and choose the optimal one.
Several scientists, notably Frederick W. Taylor, the "Father of Scientific Management,"
conducted various experiments. F.W. Taylor (1856-1915) is regarded as one of the early
management thinkers who attempted to discover scientific ways.
Taylor carried out a number of tests, the most well-known of which being the Bethlehem
Steel Company's incident. By boosting everyone's productivity, he aimed to foster better
understanding among employees and management. The Bethlehem experiment was dubbed "pig
iron."
Taylor outlined his concepts to help individuals understand how to find the most effective
method for increasing production. Taylorism is another name for scientific management. Taylor
was the one who defined managers' roles as planning and controlling and employees' functions
as following orders.
He was able to increase output by up to 200 percent. Taylor provided the first-ever
answer to the problem of worker soldiering, in which workers operate below capacity on
purpose. In order to comprehend the time-and-motion research, he outlined how to remove
unneeded aspects from the process.
It assists in the breakdown of a job into various motions and the definition of the
expected time between two actions, hence increasing productivity. Taylor outlined four
management concepts that assure an improvement in productivity: Analyze each aspect of the

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