Transforming Business Practices in Apple

Running head: - TRANSFORMING BUSINESS PRACTICES IN APPLE
TRANSFORMING BUSINESS PRACTICES IN APPLE
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Table of Contents
1. Question-1:.............................................................................................................................2
2. Question-2:.............................................................................................................................7
3. References:...........................................................................................................................13

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1. Question-1:
Advances in the development of information and communication technologies is
transforming business practices and creating opportunities for new types of
entrepreneurial activities.
• Explain digital technologies
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) are two examples of digital
technologies. Chose a business function like HR and explain the impact the two
technologies is making on this business function.
Answer:
Explain digital technologies
Digital technology refers to a combination of specific techniques, methods or might as
well be skills that is implemented into the particular procedure of producing goods or might
as well be service for the purpose of entertainment, business or communication along with
entertainment (Li 2018). With the subsequent rise of technology along with that of science,
digitalization in every individual field of the global market such as education, business as
well as entertainment have provisioned the field with subsequent growth.
With the help of digital technologies that have come into existence in regards to the
recent situation, the entire global market has been integrating various forms of such
technology to improvise the existing technologies to bring in better efficiency to witness
significant growth in all the business procedures.

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Figure-1: Digital Technologies
(Source- Shafigullina et al. 2020)
In regards to the innovation that has been taking place for a long time now, within the
field of business practices, transformation has been experienced in every single sector of the
digitalized world (Shafigullina et al. 2020). Such fields that have witnesses significant
changes are the likes of workplace, banking, travel, entertainment as well as shopping. Some
of the digital technologies that have been acting as a primary contributor towards such
transformations are,
i) Websites- internet is considered to be the primary component of such digitally
existing technologies that have provisioned individual users to visit websites for
gathering resources in the form of information. Websites provision the visitors
with all sorts of information that are proved to be beneficially interactive.
ii) Online markets- the method of online shopping have been increasingly identified
to be growing as well as provisioning all the customers with various forms of
choices with their definite value (Shaikh 2018). Such online markets allow the

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buyers to buy things from a seller within the same state or nation or from someone
that exists distance away over international waters.
iii) Smartphones- one of the important pillars of digital transformation, the phones
have provisionally revolutionized the method of communication through the use
of voice or might as well with the use of text. With the communication, the
smartphones have also provisioned respective users with additional features such
as camera, mapping as well as calculator easing out common procedures.
iv) Digital television- the digital transformation with the help of digital technologies
have also transformed the television in multiple ways. The spectators are
provisioned with ways to watch any kind of shows or as well movies online with
the help of internet.
v) EBooks- this is commonly referred to as the traditional replacement of books in a
digitalized format for easy gathering and accomplishing the activity that common
readers around the world perform (Hess et al. 2016). Such eBooks can be
accessed anywhere at any point of time with the help of a smartphone or a smart
device and through the consumption of internet. This has also acted beneficial
towards the economic growth by reducing the need for cutting down of trees to
print books.
vi) Geolocation- with the perfect combination of the satellite and the digital
technology, the location of a device is extracted to help the human world find their
way out of somewhere they do not have any knowledge about. This particular
information can also be utilized along with other existing digital application such
as the likes of mapping for provisioning the users with relevant information
relative to their current location.

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) are two examples of digital
technologies. Chose a business function like HR and explain the impact the two
technologies is making on this business function.
Artificial Intelligence has the potential capability to make real-time decisions having a
complete dependency upon the algorithms that have been pre-installed as well as with the
usage of computing technologies that are efficient (Cappelli, Tambe and Yakubovich 2019).
With the Human Resource department encompassing upon the human element as well as
Artificial Intelligence, all the enterprises belonging to the field of business provision with a
better-enhanced experience for all the candidates along with the pre-existing employees.
Professionals within the field of HR have understood the importance of optimizing the
actual combination of human mind with that of the machine learning procedure for a
seamless flow of work as well as to provision with an intuitive environment to work in. In
addition to this, Artificial Intelligence has also acted as a primary helping hand towards
understanding the target market as well as promoting with various forms of selling strategies
that have placed forward positive results.
The following impacts have been observed within the field of Human Resource with
the implementation of Artificial Intelligence into the same,
i) Talent Acquisition- this is considered to be the most prominent change that has
been observed within the field of HR with the help of AI (Stone, Neely and
Lengnick-Hall 2018). Starting from the methods of screening the candidates,
scheduling interviews, maintaining of databases as well as answering the seekers
for job queries, AI has significantly acted towards reducing the human labour
within this field.

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ii) On boarding- following the procedure of hiring, the system that has been
integrated with AI will specifically introduce the newer employees to the entire
company on the first day.
Figure-2: AI in Human Resource
(Source- Venkatesh 2017)
The particular impact of IoT upon the human resource department existing within the
enterprises of the business field have been mentioned below (Venkatesh 2017). These are,
i) In particular, the IoT will have the potential capability to generate huge chunks of
data that has a direct association with the people as well as the relative procedures
of the same. This particular data has been extensively proven to be useful for the
decision along with the strategy makers of the business world.
ii) With the help of IoT, wellness of the employee can be specifically monitored as
well as measured on the basis of the ongoing strategy with the usage of
technology (Strohmeier 2018). By following the correct measures, this can be

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used as a potential helping hand towards maintaining the health of the employee
to have a better growth upon the business.
Figure-3: IoT in Human Resource
(Source- Naranjo-Valencia, Jiménez-Jiménez and Sanz-Valle 2019)
2. Question-2:
Chose an organization you are familiar with, study its culture, then make assessment on
how organizational culture can influence innovation capabilities and competitiveness.
Apple refers to an American Multinational technology with having its headquarters
located at Cupertino, California. The company works within the field of innovation and
mainly performs the activities of designing, developing, as well as selling electronics along
with computer software to all the consumers (Naranjo-Valencia, Jiménez-Jiménez and Sanz-

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Valle 2019). This company is specifically considered to be one of the four technology
companies alongside, Google, Microsoft as well as Amazon.
In regards to the environment to which Apple belongs within the field of business,
there is a visible identification of changing business environment that takes place in a rapid
manner. Keeping aside the organizational size, the culture in regards to the innovation might
be a necessary component for Apple to evolve as well as succeed within the changing
environment of the global business market.
Innovation is visible every individual day of the calendar. However, digitalized
disruption has been seen to continue towards changing the methods followed by people to be
done with the work that has been assigned (Ahmetoglu et al. 2018). Within the field of
technology, Apple has multiple competitors that have the desire to rise to significant level of
success and are always behind the company. Events that take place on a national as well as a
global level have affected the company in their way of operating within the existing business
environment.
In regards to this, there is the shared existence of three primary impacts that
innovation capabilities have from the organizational culture that exists within the workplace
of Apple (Chen et al. 2018). These are namely,
i) Environment- provisioning with the required amount of permission towards
challenging the assumptions, creating openness towards newer ideas as well as
provisioning the employees with that actual freedom for experimenting, learning
as well as failing at the same time.
ii) Talent- implementation of training as well as development programs that
provision with a different level of platform to the likes of innovation, as well a

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setting along with management of innovative performance objectives have been
visibly identified towards building diversified teams.
iii) Process- consideration of broader sources for the generation of ideas as well as
having a process towards incubating concepts that are generally innovative. This
is the primary component of tis model, since there is the possible occurrence of
errors during the implementation procedure that might lead towards a total failure
of the entire innovative process helping towards the success of the Apple
Company.
All of the three processes that have been mentioned above equally contribute towards
the evolving of the Apple Company within the field of innovation and culture (Taylor,
Santiago and Hynes 2019). All of the three mentioned elements require to be implemented in
a perfect balance to have the greater effect upon the environment of the company to have a
proper maintenance of balance within the challenging environment of business as the
multiple competitors are increasing on a daily basis.
Apple as an organization can institutionalize the procedures or might as well be
termed as development programs but face serious issues to provision the employees with that
kind of an environment to support them during all the three procedures that have been
discussed. In fact, it can be termed that most of the problems that have been faced by the
company are due to the reason of the present culture that exists within the organization (Ali
Taha, Sirkova and Ferencova 2016). Such constraints usually are the likes of operational or
constraints related to resources.

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Figure-4: Apple Inc. logo
(Source- Zafar, Hafeez and Shariff 2016)
In addition to the constraints, there also lies a serious issue from the leadership point
of view. The leader of this company does not consider their unconscious beliefs as well as
behaviours towards the psychological safety that is necessarily required to embrace the
particular process of innovation within the organization (Zafar, Hafeez and Shariff 2016).
Hence, such serious issues acting as barriers can be mitigated with the help of the following
methods that have been discussed below,
i) Creating clarity as well as alignment towards innovation- provisioning every
individual team with a proper framework as well as a language around the entire
topic for ensuring with people to understand the fact that innovation is not just a
common motive of coming forward with new ideas, but also to implement them in
a proper way.
Creation of psychological safety- having considered the way teams react within the
Apple Company can be a decisive factor towards reaching the innovation that is the primary
goal of the organization. Hence, Apple should not be blaming the employees for the failure

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(Li et al. 2018). Doing that would lead to lowering of self-esteem towards betterment of the
innovative practices.
ii) Encouragement statement- bringing of all the employees together as well as
creating a space for them within the Apple premises to exchange glances with
each other and communicate through the ideas that they have thought throughout
the entire procedure of thinking. This procedure will specifically stimulate as well
as reinforce the behaviours that is necessary towards having an innovative culture.
iii) Challenging the assumptions- assuming something towards innovation is not the
only procedure towards bringing in that innovation that employee of Apple should
always keep in mind. In regards to this, it is considered to be an important activity
to put the ideas into action and visibly identify if that is attainable in real life.
iv) Invitation to diversity- combining a diverse workforce toward amplifying the
ability to bring in innovation within the business procedures of the organization
(Wu et al. 2019). In regards to the research, Apple needs to have a diversified set
of various experiences, backgrounds as well as perspectives for having a crucial
innovation as well as development of newer ideas.
Figure-5: Apple and Innovation
(Source- Wu et al. 2019)

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In addition to all the above procedures that need to be covered by Apple, the leader of
the company also needs to identify the root cause of the problem and find out the necessary
procedures to mitigate such problems from arising in future. Confrontation of limitations as
well as building innovative practices by identifying the changes that are necessary to pave the
way for innovative capabilities.

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3. References:
Ahmetoglu, G., Akhtar, R., Tsivrikos, D. and Chamorro-Premuzic, T., 2018. The
entrepreneurial organization: The effects of organizational culture on innovation output.
Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 70(4), p.318.
Ali Taha, V., Sirkova, M. and Ferencova, M., 2016. The impact of organizational culture on
creativity and innovation. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 14.
Cappelli, P., Tambe, P. and Yakubovich, V., 2019. Artificial intelligence in human resources
management: challenges and a path forward. Available at SSRN 3263878.
Chen, Z., Huang, S., Liu, C., Min, M. and Zhou, L., 2018. Fit between organizational culture
and innovation strategy: Implications for innovation performance. Sustainability, 10(10),
p.3378.
Hess, T., Matt, C., Benlian, A. and Wiesböck, F., 2016. Options for formulating a digital
transformation strategy. MIS Quarterly Executive, 15(2).
Li, F., 2018. The digital transformation of business models in the creative industries: A
holistic framework and emerging trends. Technovation, p.102012.
Li, W., Bhutto, T.A., Nasiri, A.R., Shaikh, H.A. and Samo, F.A., 2018. Organizational
innovation: the role of leadership and organizational culture. International Journal of Public
Leadership.
Naranjo-Valencia, J.C., Jiménez-Jiménez, D. and Sanz-Valle, R., 2019. Organizational
culture effect on innovative orientation. Management Decision, 49(1), pp.55-72.
Shafigullina, A.V., Akhmetshin, R.M., Martynova, O.V., Vorontsova, L.V. and Sergienko,
E.S., 2020. Analysis of entrepreneurial activity and digital technologies in business. In

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Digital Transformation of the Economy: Challenges, Trends and New Opportunities (pp.
183-188). Springer, Cham.
Shaikh, F., 2018. The Benefits of New Online (Digital) Technologies on Business.
Stone, C.B., Neely, A.R. and Lengnick-Hall, M.L., 2018. Human resource management in the
digital age: Big data, HR analytics and artificial intelligence. In Management and
technological challenges in the digital age (pp. 13-42). CRC Press.
Strohmeier, S., 2018. Smart HRM–a Delphi study on the application and consequences of the
Internet of Things in Human Resource Management. The International Journal of Human
Resource Management, pp.1-30.
Taylor, A., Santiago, F. and Hynes, R., 2019. Relationships among leadership, organizational
culture, and support for innovation. In Effective and Creative Leadership in Diverse
Workforces (pp. 11-42). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Venkatesh, A.N., 2017. Connecting the Dots: Internet of Things and Human Resource
Management. American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social
Sciences, ISSN (Print), pp.2328-3734.
Wu, L.F., Huang, C., Huang, W.C. and Du, P.L., 2019. Aligning organizational culture and
operations strategy to improve innovation outcomes. Journal of Organizational Change
Management.
Zafar, H., Hafeez, M.H. and Shariff, M.N.M., 2016. Relationship between market orientation,
organizational learning, organizational culture and organizational performance: mediating
impact of innovation. Economics and law, 9(2), pp.40-56.