Translational Research and Evidence

Running head: Translational Research and Evidence
Translational Research and Evidence-
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Translational Research and Evidence1
Introduction
Diabetes is a chronic illness that has become a major worldwide epidemic with more than
415 millions of people suffering from the disease (Lau et al., 2015). The number will grow to
about 642 million by 2040. As per the reports published by American Diabetes Association,
diabetes has been found to be effecting 29.1 millions of Americans. The management of diabetes
in the primary care setting presents with several challenges. 20 % of individuals affected with
diabetes remain undiagnosed (Geiss et al., 2014). Apart from the clinical impact of the disease,
the economic impact is also great. The cost of diagnosed diabetes has been found to be about
∼$245 billion in 2013 that represents only a 41 % increase in the previous 5 years (Geiss et al.,
2014). The costs involves prescriptions, inpatient care and medical resources for the management
of the disease, physicians visit, hospital stay and nursing care. All these data and several studies
have confirmed that there is a lack of proper screening measures and interventions required for a
management of the diabetes. All these factors calls for a specific problem statement description
given below:
Problem statement: The widespread prevalence of diabetes, absence of proper screening
techniques and education, plus high cost incurred in the management of the diseases calls for
proper interventions to be taken in the primary care sectors. There is a need for modifications in
the current diabetic management protocols in the primary care sectors.
However, this paper would put forward with a review regarding the improvement of
primary care services in the management of diabetes, supported by evidence based literatures,
with some possible, valid and reliable recommendations.

Translational Research and Evidence2
Literature Review
According to Messina et al., (2017), restricted knowledge and abilities among the
patients restrict or delay the attainment of glycemic control. Physicians often find it hard
to keep up with the achievement of diabetes. The clinicians present in the primary care
centers do not provide enough education to the patients. Again, there are a wide range of
factors at the organization level that affects the type of care provided, like the availability
of information technology for designing the diabetes care, lack personal continuity of
care and limiting the education occasions for health care professionals. Roles of the
nurses and the physicians in the primary care sector have evolved as the diabetic care has
been integrated in the primary care sector. The nurses play a central role in providing
various elements of care to the patients across primary and secondary care. The nurses
often becomes frustrated at the compliance of the patient. Rushforth et al., (2016) have
stated that, in remote populations, the distance to the nearest primary care facility
equipped to manage with diabetes, are far. Again, the cost of the conveyance and the cost
of the missing work restricts the patient from getting enough care.
The primary care settings often does not possess enough equipment or health care
workers to screen for the diabetes (Armstrong, Herbert & Brewster, 2016). The cost of the blood
glucose meter is greater than the day of earnings for most of the patients belonging to low
economic status that delays the screening process, till the symptoms become more serious.
Again, the prior clinical manifestations of diabetes like recurrent urination and thirst might act
like as insignificant symptoms to the patients who do not have any knowledge about diabetes and