HLTOUT007 Transport nonemergency patients under operational conditions

This assessment task covers the theoretical aspects of HLTOUT007, which involves safely transporting non-emergency patients. It covers the protocols and requirements for handling bariatric, pediatric, and multiple patients, as well as patients with carers or non-clinical escorts. It also discusses the legislation, regulations, and codes of practice related to non-emergency patient transport. Additionally, it explains the acronym used in situations where the patient refuses transportation and the elements involved in the assessment.

HLTOUT007 Transport non-emergency patients
under operational conditions
Assessment Task 1: Theory Task

Assessment
Information
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(NYS) result for this assessment task.
General information:
Each unit will have theoretical and practical components. The practical components for this
unit will be addressed within the clinical practice workshop which you are required to attend
to finalise individual unit outcomes.
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Theory Task
Please read each question carefully to ensure your response addresses all required components.
1. Identify the name of the document in your state or territory that addresses safe
practices for manual handling and lifting.
WHS Act Section 19, is the document published by Safe Work Australia which addresses the safe
practices for manual handling and lifting along with hazardous associated with it. Healthcare in Australia
countersigns no lift policy. Manual Handling is an everyday life activity, safes techniques are required to
avoid any kind of possible injuries that may occur during pulling, lifting, carrying or restraining any
animal, person or thing. For health care professionals and medical professionals, manual handling is more
than moving and assisting the clients. It requires additional care and guidance for assisting the workers to
easy lift and carry the service users.
2. Outline, in your own words, what the above document states regarding handling people.
The WHS Act Section 19 document provide guidelines regarding safe and effective handling of
people. The document describes about injuries associated with manual handling of people, unsafe manual
handling techniques and responsibilities of employees in manual handling. The document describes about
hazardous risk associated with manual handling, common manual handling positions, walking clients and
sit and stand transfer methods. The code describes about the techniques for lifting people which is manual
handling using some forces in order to lift, lower, push, pull, carry, move, restrain or hold the individual.
Incorrect lifting techniques, incorrect moving items and incorrect postures can cause musculoskeletal
injuries which can have impact over the ability of person to work and have quality of life. A majority of
musculoskeletal injuries which may occur with unsorted manual handling include, damage to ligaments
or tendons, muscular sprains and strains, abdominal hernias, nerve damage, tendinitis of elbow or
shoulders and prolapsed inter vertebral disks. The document ensures proper handling and reduces the risk
of injury by maintaining the client in-dependency, providing assistance and support. The code is the
guidance for providing assistance in order to implement the manual handling regulations. The code
consist of employees responsibilities, which are legal frameworks for ensuring the safety of themselves
and others. The workers are required to report all the hazards and incidents which are associated with
manual handling of people and should always follow safe manual handling practices.
3. List five (5) controls recommended by the code in regard to handling people.
Five controls recommended by the code for handling of people are:

1. Risk control: Risk are described as the likelihood of particular hazards which can further cause
any kind of injuries or ill- health. The code recommends to focus on minimizing the risks of injury if it
is not able to be eliminated completely. Risk control is established with few steps which are, eliminating
the risk which is associated with identifications of risk and its management. Another is substituting
which is about changes within the system to avoid possible risk.
2. Hazard control: Hazard control are identified with consultation with employees, by having direct
observation of processes and services, by having the client assessment and reviewing the records of
injuries. Hazards are the factors of workplace which have a potential of causing injury or ill-health.
Hazard control are the methods used for ensuring that the task will not produce any harm. These
methods are especially used for storage and transmittance of substances which require high care.
Hazards are also associated with general workplace practices, procedures and machine use.
3. Engineering control: Engineering controls are associated with equipment. Equipment which are
generally used during transportation are, stethoscope, B.P. Apparatus, oxygen cylinders, thermometer
digital, otoscope, autoclave, suction units, Bag valve, torch, sterilization drum, glucometer, emergency
trays, forceps, scissors etc. Validation of these equipment are essential in order to achieve the avoid the
possible risks and hazards. These equipment should be checked prior to any transportation.
4. Administrative controls: Administrative controls are used for reducing the risk for example,
increasing the variety of job and rotations and providing training to employees in regards to the safe use
of equipment and techniques and for handling of service users. The administrative control also includes
regular maintenance of equipment's and feedback of service user in regards to the service provided to
them.
5. Personal Protective Equipment control: Personal protective equipment refer to protective cloths,
gloves, helmets, face, face masks, goggles, respirators or any other protective equipment are used for
preventing any kind of hazardous incident or risky event.
4. List six (6) key pieces of legislation, regulations and codes of practice/protocols that
are related to your work in non-emergency patient transport.
Non-emergency patient transport (NEPT) is referred to services which are provided for
transportation of person from or to medical services or facilities or in between the care levels. Health
professionals in this scenario are aware that the person is being transported require transport with support
and AV care.
The six key piece of legislation, codes and regulation of practices/ protocols that are related to
transportation in non-emergency cases are:
1. As per The Non-Emergency Patient Transport Act 2003 (NEPT Act 2003), all non-emergency
patient transportation service providers should be licensed for transporting patients.

2. Non-emergency patient transportation should be authorized from a medical practitioner.
Authorization decide that whether an actual medical requirement is there for transportation or not.
3. Scope for practices by Non-emergency patient transportation providers and standards of minimum
requirement to provide care of quality and safety to patients, as per The NEPT Regulations, 2005.
4. NEPT regulation at present, operate for 10 year period duration. During this period, new
regulatory frameworks can be adopted and the panel member or contractors need to adhere the
compliance.
5. Amendments in NEPT regulation and protocols of clinical practices are required to made in prior
to commencement of agreement.
6. The service requirements and agreements which are undertaken by panel member, have rights of
reservation to HPV and AV.
These legislation regulations govern the process and criteria for NEPT services.
5. Explain the protocols and requirements involved in safely transporting each of
the following:
 Bariatric patients
Number of bariatric patients are increasing within the entire healthcare system. The protocols and
requirements which are involved in safely transporting the Bariatric patients involve:
 Preserving extra hands and tools for lifting Bariatric patients into and out of ambulance. Four to
six person lifting techniques can be used here to balance and easily carry the weight of bariatric
patient. Moving and handling bariatric patient can cause injury to nurse and assistant but their
safety as well as the dignity should be ensured.
 Technologies which are required for transporting the bariatric patients involve, EC commodes,
lifting equipment, walkers, socks, bariatric- sized gowns, needles and cuffs. These technological
tools should be preserved within the transportation facility.
 Bed frame and supporting surface should be provided along with bed side chairs.
 Pediatric patients
Safely transportation of pediatric patients is important, the protocols and requirements which are
involved in safely transporting the Pediatric patients involve:
 Child safety seat should be present in transportation facility.
 The protocol for transportation of pediatric patients include, transportation for a child who is not
ill or injured. Transportation of child who is injured or sick but require monitoring. Transportation
of injured or sick child who does not require monitoring. Transportation of child who require
require flat surface or is refereed for spinal precaution procedures. Transportation of child who

require transportation being as a part of multiple patients. For example transportation of newborn
with mother and multiple children etc.
 The transportation and technological tools which should be kept in transportation vehicle are,
stethoscope, oxymeter, support for spine, coveing belt etc.
 Patients with a carer or non-clinical escort (i.e., relatives)
The NEPT service provider on the request of carers, non-clinical escorts, interpreters to travel
with patients should note down the time of booking and should allocate an appropriate vehicle for them.
The qualification level of carer or non-clinical escort is not considered as the required escort level
substitute for transportation, as per the protocols.
 Patients who require long-distance transport
Long distance transportation are considered when journey distance is not greater than 250 km or
when the traveling time is not more than 3 hours and patient is clinically suitable to travel this journey. In
this case, NETP providers can agree for such long distance transportation. Patients are only considered
for long distance traveling when they are examined for their ability to undertake pressure during
transportation. Patient who are unable to undertake this pressure are kept in waiting until or unless any
suitable arrangement has made for them.
 Transportation of more than one (1) patient at a time
Patient transportation being an important component of care delivery needs to be governed by
appropriate policies. When talking in context of transportation of more than one patients the need for
presence of policies even increase. As while transporting a patient to a medical facility or from a medical
facility, it is the responsibility of the transportation staff to ensure the patient with the privacy which can
be hindered while transporting more than one patients in one vehicle. Also the transportation vehicle is
required to be equipped with medical facilities for the two or more than two patients along with extra
staff to take care of their health and care needs while being transported.
 Crew
Crew members are refereed to one, who is in clinical escort services of NEPT and a patient
transport officer from NEPT service. These crew members make sure that the transportation is occurring
in an effective way and no harmful situation can discomfort the patient. Along with that, crew members
make sure that emergency situations handle well.
 Clinical staff (clinical escort)
Clinical staffs are the personnel who work under qualified healthcare professional's supervision,
allowed by law and regulations. These personnel handle emergency situations which may occur in during
the transportation.
 Assistance animals

These are trained animals, designed in order to provide participation to disabled people in
accessing personal and public life aspects. Assistance animals can provide assistance to the medical care
in responding to seizures, to individuals who are suffering from post trauma stress disorder.
6. Identify the acronym that is used in situations where the patient refuses
transportation and explain each part of the acronym.
If patient refuses transportation then their should be a Valid reason for that. The valid decision for
refusing the transportation have following elements, which include: voluntary, informed, capacity and
relevancy. Acronym which is used in situation where the patient refuses transportation is PnT (Patient not
Transported). If patient refuses the transportation, paramedic conduct an assessment for determining that
patient is able to make the decision or not, this assessment is referred as VIRCA. Patient aging 12 years
or younger are excluded from the process of PnT. Transportation is advocated unless the legal guardian
of patient refuses the transportation. Refusal of transportation is required to be documented and signed by
the legal guardian of patient. Parts of PnT assessment through VIRCA is explained as:
V (Voluntary):The decision for refusal of transportation in non emergency conditions should be a
voluntary decision and should be made by patients without influence of health professionals, family or
friends. The refusal is not considered valid if it is found that the decision was based on any kind of
misleading information.
I (Informed):The patient should be informed about the treatment and transportation. This will
enable them regarding informed decisions including the treatments, its risk, benefits and consequences.
R (Relevant):Any transportation refusal should be relevant and it should be related to
recommended actions.
C(Capacity):The patient should demonstrate the capacity for understanding the information which
are presented to them. The information should be relevant to nature and action's consequences.
A(Advice):Patient should be advised if the decision of transportation refusal is not valid. The
informed decisions may include friends, family or any other healthcare provider's engagement.
7. Outline the key information provided in a booking form.
The booking form should include key information about patient and their medical conditions. The
key information should include:
 Name, age, gender and date of birth, residential address of patient.
 The pick up location of patient, which can be the residential address of patient. Address of
medical clinic or hospital where patient needs to be dropped.
 Date and time for patient's pick up.
 The name and information of medical officer who is responsible for authorizing the
transportation.

 The patient's current issue, injury or illness information.
 If patient is requiring any kind of special care, information of it.
 Information regarding the equipment, if patient require it in during the transportation.
 Information of infectious disease if patient is having.
 Information of return transportation requirements.
8. List and describe the three (3) patient classifications used for patient transport.
Patients are classified on the basis of their care requirement referred as acuity, which are:
 Ambulatory Service
 Wheelchair service
 Stretcher
9. List and describe each of the following types of patient acuity:
Patient Acuity is defined as the measure of nursing care intensity which is required be a patient.
Patient Acuity is categorized as: low Acuity patients, medium acuity patients and high acuity patients.
The patient acuity tool is the measure of patient's characteristics and involved care.
 Scale 1 represent stable patient
 Scale 2 represent patient with moderate risk
 Scale 3 represent complex patient
 Scale 4 represent high risk patient
 Low acuity
Low acuity patients have one or more of the below mentioned conditions:
 Having impaired cognitive functioning which requires supervision.
 Diagnosed with chronic breath shortness.
The low acuity patients are require to be monitored visually by a qualified and competent member of
crew for transportation duration.
 Medium acuity
The medium acuity patient have one or more of the following requirements:
 Requiring active intervention or management,
 requiring specialized equipment monitoring,
 requiring observation and monitoring of i.v. Infusion which do not contain any vasoactive agent
other than glyceral trinitrate.

 High acuity
A high acuity patient is the one who require active intervention or management for one of the following.
Cardio respiratory support, requiring high level of care comparatively with medium acuity patient.
Requiring monitoring and observation for i.v. Infusion which contain vasoactive agents.
10. List seven (7) driving practices that ensure you are adhering to your state or territory’s
road rules and regulations.
The driving practices which ensures that the driver is adhering with the state or territory’s road
rules and regulations are:
 Wearing seat belts, for avoiding harm to any of the seated person.
 Maintained the constant speed limits and not crossing it, as this can cause accidental harms.
 Carefully driving during the bad weather conditions, for example roads can be foggy during
weather which driver should be taken care of.
 Maintaining a safe distance, this provide enough time to react when vehicle in ahead stops
suddenly. It reduces the collision chances.
 Maintaining the land discipline, overtaking any vehicle by changing lane on busy roads can cause
accidents.
 Do not use phone while driving and avoid drink drive.
 Preserve medical and protective equipment for patient transportation.
11. List eight (8) good practices you should maintain to ensure optimal patient comfort
during transport.
Patient transportation needs to assure patient's safety and comfort, for which following good
practices are required to b maintained for ensuring optimal patient comfort in during the transportation:
 Using Ticked to Ride, which is a paper particular for a patient who needs transportation. This keep
patient safe.
 Correct identification of patient, using patient's data.
 Preserving appropriate equipment, which are required by patients.
 Nitrile Gloves, for preventing spreading of communicable diseases.
 Incorporating gait belts for mobilizing patients.
 Use of transfer boards or roller for patients which require bed riding
 Treating patients with dignity and respect instead of throwing or putting them anywhere.
 Assisting patient in paperwork and managing their expectations.
12. Explain the procedure you should follow if your patient’s condition deteriorates
during transport.

Clinical deterioration is associated with age, gender, level of patient's acuity and clinical
conditions. If patient's condition deteriorates in during the transportation, following procedure should be
followed:
Checking the vitals of patient, including blood pressure, blood glucose level, pulse rate, blood oxygen
level etc.
 Providing mechanical ventilation to patient in order to overcome or reduce the possibilities of
respiratory deterioration.
 Continuously monitoring patient's oxygen level.
 Informing respective GP about the health of patient and following up with practitioner during the
health maintenance process.
 Contacting with near by hospitals for emergency admission.
13. Before you transport a patient from a medical service/facility, what do you need to
request the service to provide?
Before transporting patients from medical facility, there is a requirement of following utilities:
 Ambulance Bag or a first-aid kit.
 Vital sign measuring equipment which are, thermometer, sphygmomanometer, stethoscope etc.
 Oxygen Cylinder'
 Suction Unit
 if patient is bedridden and physically disabled, urinal, bedpan and kidney dish are required.
 Incubator medical equipment if patient are transporting neo-natal babies.
14. Outline the procedures you should follow in regard to maintaining communication with
the receiving service/facility.
Procedure which is required to be followed for maintaining the effective communication with the
receiving services are:
1. Following and adhering with the protocols.
2. Periodically communicating with the receiving unit in regards to the patient's health and other
necessary requirements.
3. Using the multiple sources of communication.
4. Informing the receiving unit about every detail which are related with patients and their health
conditions.
15. Identify what each of the letters in the mnemonic IMIST AMBO stand for and
provide a brief description of what should be communicated.

I Identification Identification of patient's characteristics, that is
name, age and gender.
M Mechanism or Medical complaints Mechanism of patient's injury or medical related
complaints .
I Injuries or Information related
with complaints
Information of Patient's past medical history or
injuries for immune suppressed high acuity level
patients.
S Signs and symptoms Patient's vital signs are measured for all level of
acuity patients.
T Trends and Treatments Patient's medicated history including intervention
treatment and his response to it, is noted. Usually
for all acuity patients but specifically for high
acuity.
A Allergies If patient is allergic to specific medication it is
noted for all acuity level patients.
M Medications Medication of patient including prescription and
over the counter drugs are communicated for high
acuity patients.
B Background history Patient's history in regards to particular case is
communicated for all acuity level patients.
O Other related Information Other information include, patient's cultural,
belongings and religious considerations for all level
of acuity patients.
16. List the key communication devices you use when transporting patients.
The key communication devices that a non emergency patient transportation should use is:
Telemedicine: Which is an advance communication system used by doctors and specialist to view
patients, their medical records and vital readings before facilitating any kind of medical help to patient.
Operational Communication Equipment: The OCE ensure avoidance of communication barrier
in emergency cases.
Integrated Medical Computer and Network System: This mechanism receives, comprehends and
direct the appropriate messages.
Global Positioning System: This communication system is satellite-based navigation system
which assist driver and non emergency as well emergency ambulances operator to analyze.

17. List six (6) effective communication protocols when working with the
communication center.
The communication protocols are the set of rules which are required to be followed in order to
transmit the information from patient to the transferred unit or vice versa. The 6 effective communication
protocols for effective communication are:
 Data formats to be used for data exchange
 There should be a format for address for data exchange
 Communication should be clear, concise and complete.
 Message modification needs to be transmitted further.
 Multiple channels should be used for establishing the communication with transferring unit and
patient.
 Grapevine should be used effectively.
18. List six (6) considerations you need to make when unloading and loading patients.
Considerations which should be maintained while loading and unloading of patients include:
 Establishing a right spine arrangement, as imbalanced spine arrangement can imbalance the
muscle and result into increased stress level on joints.
 Easy and careful lifting, poor lifting can produce strain on multiple parts of body.
 Careful pulling and pushing, this removes the chances of any kind of harm. Before pulling and
pushing the patient, clear path should be ensured.
 Safe team transferring, through communication and discussing with the colleagues. Eye contacts
and synchronized movement can be beneficial in that.
 Assisting in sit to stand transferring, for weight bearing patients.
 Team assistance in carry, hold, moving and restraining the patient to avoid any kind of injury.
19. List five (5) things you need to do before you move a patient into the vehicle.
Transfer of patients into the vehicle require pre-planning to avoid any kind of injury. These
considerations are as follows:
1. Predetermining the number of staff which are required for transferring patient safely.
2. Collecting the supplies which are required by clients and pre-planning the process.
3. Raising the stretcher to safe height and positioning the patient according to it.
4. The patient is positioned according to the instruction of treatment.
5. Carefully holding the stretcher and moving the patient inside of the transport vehicle, while
ensuring the team assistance and working.
20. List five (5) communication techniques you can use when communicating with
patients during transport.

 Verbal communication: During transportation, verbal communication with patients can help in
engagement with them and also in consideration of their thoughts. Listening: Active listening to patient's voices, their choices and preferences helps in
acknowledging their thoughts. Pictorial communication: This involve use of pictures, drawings, diagrams, charts and graphs for
communicating with patients who have complex communication issues. Written communication: This communication involve referral letters and information of patient.
 Non-verbal communication: This involves use of facial expression, eye contact, hand movements
for communicating with patients.
21. Using the NATO alphabet, spell the below terms:
 Medication
Mike Echo Delta India Charlie Alpha Tango India Oscar November
 Cardiac
Charlie Alpha Romeo Delta India Alpha Charlie
 Aneurysm
Alpha November Echo Uniform Romeo Yankee Sierra Mike
 Seizure
Sierra Echo India Zulu Uniform Romeo Echo
 Cardiopulmonary
Charlie Alpha Romeo Delta India Oscar Papa Uniform Lima Mike Oscar November Alpha Romeo
Yankee
 Anaphylaxis
Alpha November Alpha Papa Hotel Yankee Lima Alpha X-Ray India Sierra
22. List some considerations for the care/restraint for all occupants during transport?
Considerations for all the occupants
Non-emergency patient transportation is the transport of non emergency patients including
barbaric patients, disabled patients, patients with carer, aged patients, neonatal etc. All the patients
require care during transportation. Efficiency, communication and appropriateness are the factors which
have impact over the safety as well as quality of care of patients in non-emergency transportation.
Standardization of process in non-emergency patient transportation show reduced risk and increased
efficiency. Proper training to carers for lifting, pulling, pushing and handling should be given to carers for

avoiding any kind of injury to patient. Additionally, to avoid clinical deterioration in patient's conditions
proper emergency maintenance should be provided. Equipment should be preserved and necessary
precaution methods and protective equipment should be taken from medical services where patient was
given care. These considerations should be taken care in order to provide quality care to patients.
23. What considerations are there for safe storage/restraint of equipment during transport?
Following considerations should be taken care of for safe storage of equipment during transportation:
 Carer should be given proper knowledge, information, instruction and training regarding the
procedure and handling of equipment. Carer should supervised equipment validation.
 Transportation facility needs to make a system which include accurate and up-to-date information
about its patient and their specific care requirements, along with that there should be an
information regarding to the equipment transportation.
 Transportation system needs to ask medical services about the equipment which are required by
patient being transported along with equipment management and handling staff.
 Transportation system should assess and screen the equipment to avoid any kind of equipment
related harm during the transportation.
 Transporting vehicle needs to be suitable for equipment. Four wheel driving vehicles, two door
care and low seat cars are not considered as appropriate.
 Equipment should be light, easy to transport and fold able for easy handling. Load restraints are
used for moving the equipment.
24. How would you go about restraining a mental health patient in a manner that
would respect their dignity? (20 words)
The mental health patient should be restrained as such:
 carer should sit with the person in order to restrict the movement with preserving patient's dignity.
 Removing the restrain, when not required and reassessing its need when condition of patient
changes.
25. What do you need to consider when transporting a child?
Following considerations should be maintained while transporting a child as medical transportation of
children is different from that of elders:
 Fast moving transport vehicle can cause any kind of physical damage to child so methods of
restraining should be used for children safeguarding.
 Neonatal and children should not be held in hands within the vehicle, they should be held in arms
or lap for preventing physical injuries.
 The transportation vehicle should carry medical features like isolated gurney, specialized pediatric
vital monitoring equipment.

 All the monitor system should be secured.
 Restrains should be adjustable according the child.
 Medical professionals should be asked for transportation and its requirement to avoid any kind of
clinical deterioration in during the transportation.
26. Identify three (3) scenarios where the safety of a patient could be compromised whilst
being transported. Describe how these could have been prevented if the required
checks had been made. (25 words for each scenario)
Patient safety can be compromised in following scenarios:
1. Vehicle is found faulty in during the transportation process, this can be associated with any kind
of fault in transportation vehicle.
2. Equipment which was required by patient, is not working properly or is missing. This can lead to
patient safety compromise.
3. Inadequate knowledge of carer in regards to patient's needs, this may lead to clinical deterioration
or improper handling of patient emergency conditions.
This conditions can be prevented by proper quality check of vehicles and making a checklist to
assure quality, similar for equipment prior quality check and validation is required to avoid any kind of
misshaping. Carer should be provided adequate knowledge and training to deal with emergency
conditions and to avoid patient health deterioration.
27. List three (3) things that you must do in line with organization policies and
procedures when you find a fault during a vehicle check. (dot points acceptable)
 If vehicle is found to be faulty, it is recalled due to safety issues.
 If vehicle is not release for transportation, then it is given for quality check.
 The person who is responsible for quality check of vehicle will be asked for the fault and required
action will be taken against him
28. List and describe six (6) pieces of medical equipment in line with organizational
policies and procedures that you can find in a non-emergency transport vehicle.
State which items relate to low, medium, or high acuity patients. (25 words for each
item)
Medical equipment which can be found in non-emergency transport vehicle are: Stethoscope, for all kind of acuity patient including low acuity, medium acuity and high acuity
patients.

 BP measuring sphygmomanometer,This is used for determining patient's blood pressure and can
be used for low, medium and high acuity patients. suction system, used for suction. It is used for patient who are at bed support and can't use their
senses. High acuity patient and in same cases medium acuity patient use suction system. Medical oxygen systematic, CASA approved medical oxygen system supplies adequate amount of
oxygen to patient, it warns for oxygen supply exhaust and enable oxygen to get automatically
turned off. It is usually used for high acuity patients. Blood glucose measuring device, the device is used for monitoring patient's blood glucose level.
This can be used for low, medium and high acuity patients.
 Oxymeter, this is used for measuring the oxygen level of patient. This can be used for low,
medium and high acuity patient.
29. Identify three (3) examples of major faults and describe why they would lead to a
vehicle being placed out-of-service. How would you report this as a faulty vehicle?
Examples of major fault that can lead to vehicle out of service are:
1. break failure, this can lead to major automobile accidents.
2. Engine overheating, this lead to extensive fire in vehicle. The vehicle can suddenly catch the fire and
may burst out.
3.Faulty steering system, this malfunction at high speed leads to major accidental conditions. Faulty
steering system is hard to turn.
These issues are routinely checked by vehicle inspection controlled officer who routinely
maintains the vehicle quality and needs to be taken care. These faulty vehicle are reported to NEPT
service providers and necessary actions are taken for it.
30. List two (2) types of faults that are considered major and describe why they would
need specialist rectification. How would you report this in line with organizational
policies and procedures?
Two faults which are considered as the major one in non-emergency patient transportation are:
1. Fault in vehicle quality which can cause further problems in during the transportation of patients.
2. Fault in equipment which is required by patient in during the transportation.
These faults are considered as the major one and require the rectification by specialist as these
may cause severe issues in relation to the patient's health. The person responsible is taken into
consideration, reports of periodic check and validation of equipment and vehicle is checked and the lack
in inspection is evaluated. The issues are addressed and severity of issue is evaluated. Further, risk
prevention strategy is implemented by replacing or improving the faulty system.

31. You have been requested to transport a low acuity patient from one hospital to
another. On performing the vehicle checklist, you find that the indicators are not
functioning, and the horn does not work. Describe what actions would you take to
resolve this issue. (50 words)
In this scenario where vehicle indicators are not functioning and horns are not working then the vehicle
speed is reduced and stopped at some safe distance which is not hindering the outgoing of other vehicles.
The hospital is made contact and the NEPT service provider is informed about the issues in vehicle and
another vehicle is asked for replacement.
32. List and describe three (3) risks associated with transferring a patient in and out of a
non- emergency vehicle. Identify one (1) strategy that can reduce each of these risks.
(25 words for each risk and strategy)
Risk associated with transferring a patient in and out of the non-emergency vehicle are:
 Injury to patient during pulling, pushing and lifting which can be associated with nerve damage,
muscle strains, ligament of tendon damage, prolapsed inter-vertebral risks etc.
 Patient falling due to moving the load when the other person was not prepared, this may occur due
to lack of coordination in between the carer and lack of team transfer.
 Equipment falling and misplacing when patient is being transported in and out of the vehicle.
Mostly connected respiratory supports are at risk of falling or disconnecting during transportation.
This risks can be reduced by establishing team transfer and establishing team coordination to
avoid any kind of injury to patient due to lack of team coordination. Additionally, proper manual
handling and lifting training should be provide to carers.
33. Using the Health VIC website, NEPT regulations and related FACT Sheets
with the provided links, respond to each of the below questions:
15.1 NEPT FACT Sheet - Single Loading of Patients
non-emergency-patient-transport-regulations---single-loading-of-patients.docx (live.com)
a) Apart from identified ‘high acuity level’ patients, identify three (3) other patient
types that may require single loading.
Patient who is immune suppressed.
Patient who is at high risk of death in during the transportation.
Patients who require privacy because of their medical conditions.

b) How many crew members are required, and what is their responsibility when
single loading a patient? (25-50 words)
One crew member should be present with patient for traveling. Crew member should provide care to
patient in during the transport and should take care of patient's need to avoid clinical deterioration.
15.1 NEPT FACT Sheet – Monitoring of low acuity patients
non-emergency-patient-transport-regulations---monitoring-of-low-acuity-patients.docx (live.com)
c) What are the NEPT requirements for monitoring for a low acuity patient?
The 2016 NEPT Regulations measures for ensuring patient care standards during transportation. NEPT
provide quality assurance plans for specific statements for monitoring low acuity patients and their
critical needs. Their requirement include, patient needs to meet their clinical needs timely and precisely.
15.2 NEPT FACT Sheet - Loading of Patients with an Infectious Disease
non-emergency-patient-transport-regulations---loading-of-patients-with-an-infectious- disease.docx
(live.com)
d) Complete the following sentence by filling in the gaps:
Anyy patient diagnosed with, or suspected of having, an
infectious disease that is at high risk of transmission to another patient
must be single loaded.
e) Patients with a diagnosed or suspected infectious disease must be single loaded,
except for what circumstance/s?
The exception for this is, two patients diagnosed with similar infection can be loaded together.
Patient is diagnosed with disease which is not likely to be transmitted can be double loaded also.