Tourism and Sustainable Development

This assignment delves into the complex interplay between tourism and sustainable development. It analyzes the positive and negative impacts of tourism on various aspects of the environment, society, and economy. Students are tasked with evaluating strategies for promoting responsible tourism practices that minimize environmental damage, respect local cultures, and contribute to economic well-being.

Assignment
Travel and tourism sector
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Table of content
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1: Analysis of the historical development and structure of the travel and tourism sectors........3
1.1: Analysis of the historical development of this sector...............................................................3
1.2: Structure of the travel and tourism sector.................................................................................4
LO2: Analysis of the impact on travel and tourism sector of the local and national governments
and international agencies................................................................................................................6
2.1: Function of the government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies.........6
2.2: Impact of local and national economic policies on the success of the travel and tourism
sector................................................................................................................................................7
2.3: Implication of the political changes on the travel and tourism sector......................................8
LO3: Impact of supply and demand on the travel and tourism sector.............................................9
3.1: Factors of the demand of the tourism.......................................................................................9
3.2: The process of supply that help to meet the demand of travel and tourism...........................10
Task4: Impacts of tourism.............................................................................................................10
4.1 Evaluation of prime economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism of both positive
and negative nature........................................................................................................................10
4.2 Strategies to minimise negative impacts and maximise positive impacts of tourism..............12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................14
Reference List:...............................................................................................................................15
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Introduction
In the modern age travel and tourism industry is an important sector for any country to earn
foreign currencies and improve the status of the foreign currency reserve in the country.
Government can represent their country on the global stage through the tourism sector.
Therefore, it is very important for the government to promote their country in the global stage to
attract more tourists and travelers in their country (Tan et al. 2017, p.158). Government also
takes different initiatives to make their country more suitable place for the tourists and travelers.
Government also get different advantages from the travel and tourism industry such as due to
increase in the numbers of the travelers and tourists government can increase their foreign
currency reserve that help the government to increase the strength of economy in the country.
The increment in the numbers of the hotels and restaurants due to the increment in the number of
tourists and travelers increase the employment in the country. The per capita income and
purchasing power of the people increase due to the development of the travel and tourism
sectors. The thesis statement of this assignment is to interpret the present status of the travel and
tourism sector globally and provide a brief knowledge about the history and structure of the
travel and tourism sector.
LO1: Analysis of the historical development and structure of the travel and
tourism sectors
1.1: Analysis of the historical development of this sector
History of the travel and tourism sector is very large. From the ancient time people want to travel
in different places to increase their knowledge about the world. Before the industrial revolution
in Europe agriculture communities try to travel different places in Europe to get knowledge
about the agriculture process. After industrial revolution in Europe only rich people try travel
other countries to get a break from the work schedule and refresh their mind (Gholami et al.
2017, p. 275). In the beginning of 19th century the travel and tourism industry try to grown up
due to the increment in the demand of the people. In that time people of different countries try to
travel their neighborhoods countries due to the lack of infrastructure in the other countries. In the
middle of the 19th century people are try to travel in other countries due to the development in
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the plane and airports now people can travel anywhere within a short duration but the hotels and
restaurants are temporary therefore, people face some problem to stay in the other countries for a
long duration.
From the 1950s the government tries to develop the infrastructure for the development of travel
and tourism sector in the country therefore, they provide huge loans to the owner hotels and
transporters for the developing purpose and make permanent hotel for the tourists and travelers.
Government also establishes their own tour operators to increase the comfort ability of the
tourists (Baker, 2014, p.9). At the end of the 19th century the owners of the companies
recognized the advantages of the holidays in the life of the people. Therefore, owners also
provide different holiday packages and paid holidays as a gift to the employees to increase their
efficiencies in the work. This factor provides a rapid growth in the demand of the travel and
tourism industry. For the rapid growth of the industry many investors start to invest their money
in this sector that help to improve the infrastructure of this industry. At that time New Airlines
Company evolved to increase the transport facilities for the travelers. Government also starts to
provide some special services to tourists such as medical facilities, car hiring facilities, guide
facilities etc. Through the virtue of such facilities provided by the government future of the travel
and tourism industry is very bright. The increments in the number of facilities to the employer
encourage the employees to travel in other countries. Tourism industry provides a greater scope
to the government of different countries to develop a positive relationship with the other
countries by exchange of culture between the different countries help to create a peaceful
globalized society. Apart from the development of the local economy and community tourism
business also help to increase the education among the local community (Becker, 2016, p.178).
1.2: Structure of the travel and tourism sector
The structure of the travel and tourism sector is developed in a systematic ways to provide some
good facilities to the travelers. The structure of the travel and tourism industry is basically
developed by five elements which are very important for providing a good holiday experience to
the travelers. The five elements are as follows:
A) Arrival of the travelers: This element of the structure associate with the infrastructure that
help the travelers to arrive in the country such as Airlines, Airports, Ship, port etc. Government
has to provide enough plane and ship for the travelers that help them to arrive in the country
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anytime. The complexity of the legal procedure also discourage to the traveler to make a holiday
in another country. Government has to reduce complexity in the visa procedure to encourage the
travelers to make a holiday in their countries.
B) Generating new regions: Government has to develop some new regions in the country for
the travelling purpose of the travelers. Basically, travelers try to visit the geographical regions
such as sea beaches, hill stations, deserts, tropical regions in other countries. Therefore,
Government has to try to develop the infrastructure in these regions and provide some good
facilities to the travelers to increase their comfort ability in those particular regions. Government
also tries to develop some special regions in the country to attract the travelers in the country
such as museums, art galleries, trade etc (Goodall and Ashworth, 2013, p.468).
C) Transit route regions: This element of the structure represents the transport facilities that
help the travelers to reach in the holiday region. The satisfaction of the travellers depends on the
comfort ability of the transport infrastructure of the country. Therefore, government has to try to
increase the airport, railway station, Bus stop, port, car hiring companies to reduce the
complexities of the transport services to reach the region.
D) Destination region: The destination region elements of the structure of the travel industry
represent the facilities that help the travelers to stay in the particular holiday region. These
facilities represent the availability of the hotels and restaurants in this particular region (Saha and
Yap, 2014, p.512).
E) Returning travelers: This element represents the availability of the infrastructure that helps
the travelers return to their own countries. Government also tries to arrange some alternative
options to the travelers for the purpose of the return their home comfortably.
Government of every country should try including all the above elements in the structure of the
travel and tourism industry to provide a good experience of holiday to the travelers. The higher
satisfaction of the travelers also encourages them to travel the country another time.
There are some other elements of structure that influence the tourists to travel in the other
countries:
I) Change in the demand of the people also increase the business in the tourism industry. The
increment in the per capita and purchasing power of the people encourage them to travel other
countries (Standing et al. 2014, p.85).
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II) Chang in the pattern in the flow of the tourists. Tourists are tried to make some intensive
holiday in the hill station, tropical regions and hill stations.
III) The plan of the government to expand the tourism industry also encourages the travelers to
visit the country.
IV) The increment in the facilities of infrastructure increases the number of travelers for a
sustainable tourism expansion.
V) The status and features of the local social, cultural and economical situation also influence the
traveler to visit the country.
LO2: Analysis of the impact on travel and tourism sector of the local and
national governments and international agencies
2.1: Function of the government, government sponsored bodies and
international agencies
Functions of Government
Government has to discharge some responsibilities to create a sustainable travel and tourism
industry in the country. They have to create a strong infrastructure to increase the comfort ability
of the travelers. Government can reduce the complexities in the legal procedure such as visa,
travel tax, immigration process, and identity of the travelers etc to encourage the travelers to
come their countries for making a holiday. Government also encourages the tour operators to
promote their countries globally by creating some suitable and cheap holiday plans for the
travelers (Mok et al. 2013, p.361). Government also encourages the tour operators by providing
some reward or tax concessions. Government also provides some loan to the owner of the hotels
and restaurants for the development of their hotels to provide some good accommodation
facilities to the travelers. Such facilities provides by the government not improve the status of the
tourism and travel industry but also promote the country globally.
Functions of the Government sponsored bodies
The government sponsored bodies such as municipalities, police stations; hospitals also
discharge some responsibilities towards the travel and tourism industry. It is the responsibilities
of the municipalities of a particular holiday regions to maintain the cleanness of the regions and
provide some transport facilities to the travelers to increase their comfort ability. Again, the local
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police station has to take the responsibilities of the security of the travelers and provide some
security feature in the region to increase the security of the travelers. Local government hospitals
take the responsibility to provide some good medical facilities to the travelers to take care the
health of them.
International bodies
Some international bodies such as united nation’s world tourism organisation also provide some
uniform law for the travel and tourism industry. The local authority of different countries has to
obey the laws to develop a travel and tourism industry in their country. The world tourism
organisation plays a vital role for the promoting a responsible, sustainable and accessible tourism
for the travelers (Page, 2014, p.75). This organisation also try to implement a global code of
ethic in the tourism industry to ensuring that the local authorities. Destinations and tourism
business provide some positive contribution to the economy, culture and society and try to
reduce the negative impact of the travel and tourism industry in the society and environment.
The main objectives of the government, government sponsored bodies and international bodies
are to continuous development of the infrastructure of the travel and tourism industry and
encourage more travelers to make holiday in different countries.
2.2: Impact of local and national economic policies on the success of the travel
and tourism sector
Some local and national economic policies also help to develop the travel and tourism industry in
the country. Government and other local authorities take different decisions about the economic
policies to encourage more people to travel in their countries. The major economic policies are as
follows:
A) The decision of supplying more money in the tourism and travel industry in the form of loan
to the owner of the local hotels and restaurants help the owners to increase the facilities of the
hotels. The increment in the facilities of the hotels increase the comfort ability of the travelers in
that way the supply of the more money in the industry help to develop the industry (Law et al.
2014, p.735).
B) The initiative of the different projects by the government to increase the attractiveness of the
destination region that influences the travelers to travel in the country.
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C) The adoption of economic liberalization policies by the government influence the foreign
companies to travel the country for examine the potentiality of the market of the country. Foreign
companies also bring their employees in the country to get a brief knowledge about the society
and culture of the country (Zeng and Gerritsen, 2014, p.35).
D) The economic policies of the government to make the local market a more perfect place for
the trade of the business man. A perfect market always attracts the foreign companies for doing
business activities in the other country.
E) The policies that reduce the complexities in the regulation of trade, tax obligations, ease the
use of resources of the country in the production activity etc these attract the people of the other
country to travel in the country to earn more profit in the business.
F) Change in the employment policies of the country that push the employer of the countries to
provide some holiday packages and paid holiday to the employees as a refreshment of the
employees. This policy encourages the employees to make a holiday in different countries. The
increment in the holiday of the employees helps to develop travel and tourism industry.
In that way such economic policies of the country help the travel and tourism industry developed
in an efficient manner (Neuhofer et al. 2014, p.345).
2.3: Implication of the political changes on the travel and tourism sector
The travel and tourism industry of a country has a direct relationship with the political condition
of the country. The changes in the political condition have a greater impact on the travel
industry. The major influences of the political changes are as follows:
I) The political changes in the country can change the social condition of the country therefore;
the security of the travelers will be reduced. For this reason, the traveler feels insecurity to travel
in the country. That can damage the travel and tourism industry of the country.
II) The changes in the political conditions also change the laws associated with the travel and
tourism industry. The changes in the laws also influence the insecurity of the travelers with the
law of the country. Such laws can reduce the facilities and comfort ability of the countries. The
increments in the travelling tax also decrease the numbers of the travelers in that country
(Mowforth and Munt, 2015, p. 56).
III) The trust of the travelers on the political party also influences the travel and tourism industry.
If the travelers are cannot trust on the political party of the country that discourage the travelers
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to visit the country. Again, if the traveler has enough trust on the ruling political party that
encourage the travelers to visit the country without any insecurity.
IV) Political changes also increase the tax obligations on the hotels and restaurants therefore; the
owners of the hotels can increase the rent of the rooms and increase the prices of the foods of the
hotels. The increment in the room rent and prices of the food can increase the cost of traveling
for the travelers (Buhalis and Crotts, 2013, p. 236).
In that way the changes in the political situation in a country can influence the condition of the
travel industry of the country.
LO3: Impact of supply and demand on the travel and tourism sector
3.1: Factors of the demand of the tourism
Different factors of the environment influence the demand of the travel industry among the
people of a country. The major factors that influence the demand are as follows:
Economy: The increment in the rate of the foreign currency can decrease the demand of the
tourism industry in a country because the increment in the foreign currency can increase the cost
of the travelling for the travelers. Again if the currency rate decrease the cost of travelling of the
travelers decrease that increase the demand of tourism industry in the economy. The inflation
rate of the holiday making country also influence the demand of the tourism industry because
high inflation rate leads to the high cost of traveling and low inflation rate leads to the low
traveling cost of the travelers (Fennell, 2015, p.52). Therefore, travelers try to travel in that
country where the inflation rate and traveling cost is low.
Political: Stable political situations also influence the demand of tourism industry. If the ruling
political party is try to increase the facilities and tax concessions of the travelers that help to
decrease the traveling. The decrement in the travelling cost increases the demand of the tourism
industry.
C) Natural environment: The natural environment of a country also influences the demand of
the tourism industry in that country. If natural disaster is a regular incident of the country this
increase the insecurity among the travelers this reason is enough to decrease the demand of
tourism industry.
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Demographic: The development of a country also influences the demand of the tourism
industry. The education level of the country helps the travelers to know more about the country.
Technological development: Technologically developed country always provide some better
infrastructure facilities such as transportation system, medical facilities, communication system
and information system to the travelers. Availability of this technologies increase the demand of
the tourism industry in the country.
3.2: The process of supply that help to meet the demand of travel and tourism
The government of different countries follows some process to meet the requirement of the travel
and tourism industry. The process including some factors that helps to meet the requirements.
The factors are as follows:
A) Attraction: Government has to adopt some promotion strategies to promote their country
globally to increase awareness among the traveler among the country. Government also takes
some initiative to create more attractive place and increase the attractiveness of such places in
the country (Scott et al. 2013, p.95).
B) Transportation: Government also increases the transportation facilities in the country to
supply a comfortable transportation experience to the travelers and try to meet all requirements
of the travelers associated with the transportation.
C) Services: The increment in the facilities of the hotels also improves the services of the
hotels. The improvements of the services not only meet the requirements of the travelers but also
increase the goodwill of the country among the travelers.
Task4: Impacts of tourism
4.1 Evaluation of prime economic, environmental and social impacts of
tourism of both positive and negative nature
Tourism can be of beneficial and adverse impacts on the society and it can be implemented in
terms of three kinds of impacts and they are economical, environmental and socially oriented
impacts of different types. As per Virginia (2016, p.137), the intensity of benefits or meritorious
impacts of tourism may supersede, match and be outweighed depending on the various
intensities of adversities of the tourism sector in the business of tours and travelling respectively.
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Positive impacts of tourism: As per Tidball and Krasny (2014, p.23), in terms of socio-
economic scenario tourism, helps in boosting up of local heritage, generation of travel related
annual revenues and development of business process outsourcing processes respectively which
are counted as merits of tourism of the main origin. Tourism also helps in promotion of leisure
and relaxations in terms of comforts provided to the local residents and international residents.
Development of socio-economic culture and development of interaction based systems with
other persons associated with tours and travel are the main proponents or components of tourism
based business processes respectively. As per Murungi (2013, p.55), this further lead to the
development of building blocks of cosmopolitan culture of business in terms of tours and
traveling industry in varied amounts and manners with the growing demand of tour based
demands and trip making intensities the tours and travel industries grow by leaps and bounds in
form of increased generation of employment opportunities for persons interested in engaging
himself in the tours and traveling business respectively.
In terms of environmental scenario superior organizations of tours and traveling agencies help in
development of sceneries and surroundings of places where the tourists take leisure while on tour
that is the beauty of surroundings and the cleaning of the same which ad to the aesthetic beauty
of the same is the main cause cum criterion of development of tours and travel industry in
increased amount or magnitude and hence one of the most important benefit accrued from tours
and travel industry respectively. According to Styles and Terzidou, (2014, p.25), these merits
attract more and more tourists and across the globe and the revenue earned is reinvested which
increases the performance of overall tourism infrastructure in added intensity and manner.
Negative impacts of tourism: As per NAGAR (2016, p.25), due to the excessive demands of
the tourists to live in solitary places or less crowded or less populated places, pressures are
created by the department of tourism to find such places to be accessed by the tourists but with
increasing pacer of growth of population and overcrowding in the tour sites for destinations, the
industry fails to meet the demands of more than most of the tour aficionados in proper or
systematic manner or mode.
Too much of this adverse effect of increased population in tourism sector brings the malady of
illnesses or diseases of infectious or incurable origin among the heavy amount of people being
engaged in the sector and hence the additional stress on tourists to meet the budget of their long
distance journey for relaxation or recreation respectively.
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4.2 Strategies to minimise negative impacts and maximise positive impacts of
tourism
There are certain solutions or strategies based on which the adversities of tourism business can
be effectively tackled within the merits of the tourism industry can be boosted up or revitalised
for sake of aggrandizing of the performance of the tourism industry both in quantitative and
qualitative terms of origins respectively in an acute and disciplined manner.
Strategies aiming to resolve negative impacts of tourism:
Diversification of product range: First and foremost procedure for minimising the negative
features of tourism are more and more variation to bee propagated or practised in the production
sector leading to rising in the scope and kinds or types of products available in the market.A per
Hejna (2014,p.44), reduction or lowering of numbers of people being engaged in tourism sector
may lead to a reduction of adversities of tourism catered on the society or economy.segmentation
of tourists in groups is an effective strategy for doing the same.
Provision of eco -tourism: Provision of tourism business in terms of maintenance of optimality
tourism business based on the budget based on the maximum economy and minimum wastage in
terms of time and finances are the main strategies for minimization of tourism based loopholes
and lags.
Provision of green tourism: Provision of green tourism or tourism business based on minimum
pollution generation and taking place in the heartland of rich natural resources in terms of flora
and fauna are main elementary policy for reduction of ill effects of tourism because greeneries
help to promote health and wellbeing of people in terms of both mind and body based benefits
of the tourists residing in and around the globe respectively.
Following of strict business laws of tourism: Strict adherence to the legal principles and laws
of tourism sector can help to reduce the ill impacts of tourism in more than much of a sound
manner or mode.
Management and leadership of the sector: Proper management and leadership based processes
and procedures help to provide the necessary support or strength to the infrastructural base of
tourism thereby minimising its oil or unsound effects or impacts.
Strategies aiming to increase the tourism-based benefits:
Increase in auditing mechanism of tourism sector: Strategy to adopt the auditing procedures
of local suppliers connection or link with the tourism sector may put the upward movement of
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both trend and intensity of performance of tourism sector in increased or proliferating manner or
mode respectively.
Bolstering support for communities linked with production: As per Espiner and Becken
(2014, p.655), the increase in support or strength provided to the production related community
of tourism is another important beneficial strategy for tourism aggrandization and subsequent
progress in both sound and safe manner.
Strengthening of link between hotel managers and guides of tourism industry: Increasing
the intensity of linkage between the hotel sellers or managers and guides of tour and travel
industry help them to come to an agreement based on the comfort based criterions of people
taking a trip in different parts of the world is an effective strategy for development of tourism
based merits in appropriate terms and criterions.
Increasing of informal tourism services: As perEdwards (2016, p.99), the increase of informal
services of hotel and restaurants are the prima facie technique or tool or policy for maximising
the benefits obtained or provided by the tour and travel industry respectively in direct module or
manner.
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Conclusion
The rapid growth of the travel and tourism industry always attracts the businessmen to invest this
industry. The governments of different countries are also aware about the advantages of the
travel and tourism industry and try to use this industry as a component to improve the condition
of the economy. The study tried to provide a brief knowledge about the present status of the
travel and tourism industry globally and the process that should be followed by the government
to provide a great holiday experience to the travelers. The factors that influence the demand and
supply of the tourism industry also be mentioned in the study briefly.
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